Carbon Dioxide Levels Research Articles

Indoor environmental quality in an Apulian kindergarten

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in school buildings is crucial for the health and well-being of students, educators, and staff. Poor air quality and inadequate thermal conditions compromise students’ comfort and can lead to potential long-term health issues. Since children’s comfort differs from adults’, it is important to consider surveys on IEQ in school buildings. For this reason, this paper focuses on air quality and thermal comfort in kindergartens in Italy. An IEQ monitoring campaign was conducted within a kindergarten, with data used for thermal comfort and IAQ analyses, including CO2 levels generated by occupants and thermal discomforting hours. The simulations of carbon dioxide levels showed that the amount of CO2 accumulated in the classrooms exceeds the threshold recommended by ASHRAE guidelines. During the winter seasons, CO2 levels are significantly higher than those accumulated in summer due to the limited ventilation practiced during the colder months. Moreover, thermal comfort analyses indicate that the summer season can be problematic due to overheating: 42% of the occupied hours during the monitoring period exceeded the temperature threshold, causing thermal discomfort for the occupants. The winter thermal comfort analyses demonstrated that heating systems are essential to maintain temperatures within comfort thresholds.

Changes in Concentration of Carbon Dioxide and Temperature in University Classrooms

This study aims to observe variations in temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide concentrations in university classrooms without mechanical ventilation throughout the day. Over three days, two classrooms in Riga Stradiņš University, equipped solely with natural ventilation, were evaluated for variations in indoor air quality. Observations were recorded using the Aranet4 sensor during actual study sessions with varying numbers of occupants, and ventilation periods marked by window operations. The recorded parameters were compared with established indoor air quality guidelines. The results showed that the relative humidity remained within the ideal range (40%-60%) throughout the observation period. Indoor temperature varied between 18 °C to 26 °C, with noticeable increases during practical study sessions and decreases during ventilation periods. The carbon dioxide levels consistently exceeded the safe limit of 1000 ppm during all study sessions, with the time taken to exceed this threshold being directly proportional to the number of occupants. The findings underline the need for strategic ventilation interventions and classroom arrangements, considering occupancy and room size to promote healthier learning environments. Further research incorporating occupant surveys and including diverse educational settings is recommended. Keywords: indoor air quality; natural ventilation; classroom environment; carbon dioxide; relative humidity; temperature.

Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change

The long-term storage of carbon dioxide in soils, vegetation, oceans, and geological formations, with the objective of reducing or postponing global warming, is known as carbon sequestration. It reduces the amount of greenhouse gas emitted by various human activities. Scientists estimate that there is a direct correlation between rising global temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, with the atmosphere containing 30% more carbon today than it did 150 years ago. One recommended approach to reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide is to increase carbon storage globally through a variety of means. To slow the net rate of increase in atmospheric CO2, carbon sequestration involves storing CO2 in long-lived global pools found in forests, oceans, biomass, and geological strata. This process is crucial for the maintenance of the global carbon cycle. To combat climate change, the global community must lower carbon emissions and increase net carbon sequestration. These methods can reduce the risks associated with climate change, but it is important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each suggested carbon sequestration strategy. The present study attempts to discuss various methods of carbon sequestration to reduce global warming.

Comparing the Efficiency of Laryngeal Mask Airway and Endotracheal Tube Insertion in Airway Management in Patients Planning for Elective Orthopedic Surgery under General Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The present study compared respiratory parameters between the two methods of airway establishment, ETT and LMA, for patients scheduled for orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia. This randomized double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, in Bandar Abbas, Iran, from January 2021 to December 2021. Using a random allocation table, the study participants were randomly divided into two groups, to employ either ETT (n=48) or LMA insertion (n=48). The study's ultimate goal was to assess the respiratory parameters in 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following intubation. At all-time points, the average of peak airway pressure (P peak) and P plateau parameters in the ETT group was much higher than the EMA group (p<0.001 in all comparisons). The value of dynamic lung compliance in the LMA group was significantly higher than the ETT group in all considered time periods (p<0.001 in all comparisons). The upward trend in the value of this index was significant only in the LMA group (p=0.030). There were no significant differences in arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels between the two groups (p>0.05). In terms of arterial oxygen saturation stability and at the same time providing respiratory dynamic compliance, the LMA device outperformed the ETT.

Design and Implementation of Cost-efficient Prototype Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) for Premature Born Babies

A baby incubator is a device created to give premature infants a safe, regulated environment to live in while their important organs grow. Babies who are born prematurely do so under uncommon conditions, such as when the gestational age is fewer than nine months or the newborn weighs less than the average range of 2500 to 4000 grams. Hypothermia after birth can cause premature newborns' body temperatures to decrease sharply and considerably. Premature deaths are currently more likely to be connected to exogenous socio-environmental causes. The baby incubator is a great solution to this problem. However, the cost of the infant incubator is an issue. According to a study, preterm babies are more likely to die in low-income countries. Premature babies' survival rates in low-income nations are 30% for those born between 28 and 32 weeks and 1% for those born before 28 weeks, compared to 95% for those born between 28 and 32 weeks and 60% for those born before 28 weeks in high-income nations. This is because the infant incubator is too expensive to be employed in low-income nations. In order to solve this issue, we created a low-cost incubator for premature infants. Using an Arduino UNO with sensors: 1. A temperature and humidity sensor; 2. A gas sensor, the low-cost incubator being created can measure the temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide levels in the baby's environment. Then it will utilize a temperature control fan, a humidity control fan, and a gas level control fan to automatically regulate the environment. These affordable incubators can be produced and used in these low-income countries, giving prematurely born babies an opportunity to use them and live.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Arterial Blood Gas Analysis among Nursing Students in Chitwan, Nepal A Pre-experimental One Group Pretest Post-test Design

Background: Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis measures blood pH, oxygen (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Normal pH is 7.35-7.45, PaO2 ranges from 70-100 mm Hg, PaCO2 is 35-45 mm Hg, and SaO2 is 93-98%. HCO3 normal value is 22-26 meq/l. This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on arterial blood gas analysis knowledge among nursing students. Methods: A pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design evaluated the effectiveness of a structured teaching program on Arterial Blood Gas analysis knowledge among nursing students from two Purbanchal University-affiliated colleges. Narayani Samudayik Nursing College was chosen using a probability-based simple random sampling lottery method. Enumerative sampling was employed to select respondents for the study. Results: The study found that 87% of respondents initially had an average knowledge level of arterial blood gas analysis, with 13% having adequate knowledge. After intervention, 82.6% demonstrated adequate knowledge, and 17.4% maintained an average level. Mean knowledge scores significantly increased from 67.15 to 87.7 in pretest and posttest, respectively (p&lt;0.001). The results affirm the intervention's effectiveness in improving participants' understanding of arterial blood gas analysis..Conclusion: Most respondents had average knowledge of ABG analysis. Following the structured teaching program, the majority achieved adequate knowledge, demonstrating its significant positive impact in enhancing nursing students' unde standing of ABG analysis.

Desain dan Realisasi Alat Ukur Kadar CO2 Portabel dengan Notifikasi Suara Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino

Increasing levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the environment is a global issue that has an impact on climate change and air quality. Easily accessible CO2 measurement is important for monitoring and mitigating these impacts. This research aims to design and realize a portable CO2 level measuring instrument with sound notifications, using an Arduino microcontroller. The method used in this study is the development of microcontrollers. CO2 analyzers are designed using CO2 sensors, microcontrollers and sound output modules. Data processing and calibration are performed to ensure measurement accuracy. Tests are conducted at various locations to assess the performance of the tool in real conditions. This portable device is integrated with an audible notification system that provides immediate alerts to users when CO2 levels exceed unnatural limits. Concern for urban communities efforts to increase awareness and response to adverse air conditions, especially in open spaces and urban environments. The results showed that portable CO2 analyzers were able to measure CO2 levels with good accuracy according to the specifications of the components used. The sound notification system works to provide alerts in various conditions. Portability, ease of use make this tool useful for individuals and simple to carry to monitor and respond to changes in air quality.

A simple dip-coating-co-firing fabricated anode supported tubular solid oxide fuel cells for bio-ethanol carbon dioxide internal dry reforming and power generation

Direct internal dry reforming of hydrocarbon is a promising way for the growth of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to the convenient storage and transportation of hydrocarbon fuels. Herein, NiO-YSZ (Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2) anode supported tubular SOFCs (T-SOFCs) are successfully fabricated by a simple dip-coating-co-firing method with NiFe2O4–Gd0.1Ce0.9O2-δ(NFO-GDC) internal reforming layer, and the electrochemical and carbon resistance are characterized under three different bio-ethanol carbon dioxide components (40 %, 50 %, 60 % ethanol partial pressure). The maximum power density of the T-SOFC in H2 atmosphere is 434.08 mW cm−2. With CO2–C2H5OH mixture as the fuel, the maximum power density is obtained at 50 % C2H5OH -CO2 atmosphere. This difference in performance is attributed to the varying levels of carbon dioxide affecting the dry reforming of ethanol. Distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis of T-SOFCs are carried out to explore the contribution of different electrode reactions. Long-term stability studies, gas chromatography measurements of exhaust gases and Raman scanning results are collected under three ethanol partial pressures to obtain the stability of single cell, catalytic reactions and carbon tolerance of fuel electrode. All experiments are designed to investigate the optimal performance of bio-ethanol carbon dioxide fueled single cells in terms of electrochemical performance and stability.

India's biogeochemical capacity to attain food security and remediate climate.

In order to supply wholesome food and slow down climate change, this paper covers India's agrogeological resources. The soils are the result of the weathering of rocks with ages ranging from more than a billion years to the most recent Holocene. Because they are severely deficient in vital minerals, many soils have low agricultural production. In addition to helping to fertilise soils, reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, and stop the acidification of the Indian Ocean, rock powder weathering and biochar have significant positive effects on the productivity of Indian soils. The nutrient density of food is also increased which improves health and lowers the demand for and cost of medical treatment. Remineralization may help to solve Indian soil issues including soil infertility and texture. To improve soil and plant nutrition, dusts of carbonate, basic, and ultrabasic rocks are readily available at mining sites in India combined with biochar. Adding different grain sizes to the soil helps improve the texture of the soil.Silicate and carbonate rock powders enhance soil structure by promoting the creation of soil organic matter and fostering the growth of advantageous microbial communities. These processes offer a low-cost method of remineralizing soils with important macro- and micronutrients. For each significant soil/crop/climate system, an optimised application of India's rock powder resources must be determined through a national research and development programme. India's capacity to adapt to the mounting challenges of population expansion and climate change would be significantly improved by the findings of this study programme.

A Case Study on the CO2 Sequestration in Shenhua Block Reservoir: The Impacts of Injection Rates and Modes

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the most promising method of curbing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 2020 to 2050. Accurate predictions of geology and sealing capabilities play a key role in the safe execution of CCS projects. However, popular forecasting methods often oversimplify the process and fail to guide actual CCS projects in the right direction. This study takes a specific block in Shenhua, China as an example. The relative permeability of CO2 and brine is measured experimentally, and a multi-field coupling CO2 storage prediction model is constructed, focusing on analyzing the sealing ability of the block from the perspective of injection modes. The results show that when injected at a constant speed, the average formation pressure and wellbore pressure are positively correlated with the CO2 injection rate and time; when the injection rate is 0.5 kg/s for 50 years, the average formation pressure increases by 38% and the wellbore pressure increases by 68%. For different injection modes, the average formation pressures of various injection methods are similar during injection. Among them, the pressure increases around the well in the decreasing injection mode is the smallest. The CO2 concentration around the wellbore is the largest, and the CO2 diffusion range continues to expand with injection time. In summary, formation pressure increases with the increase in injection rate and injection time, and the decreasing injection mode has the least impact on the increase in formation pressure. The CO2 concentration is the largest around the well, and the CO2 concentration gradually decreases. The conclusion helps determine the geological carrying capacity of injection volumes and provides insights into the selection of more appropriate injection modes. Accurate predictions of CO2 storage capacity are critical to ensuring project safety and monitoring potentially hazardous sites based on reservoir characteristics.

Modeling the effects of rising carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere on urban life and forest resources

Modeling the effects of rising carbon dioxide levels in atmosphere on urban life and forest resources

Breathing on the mind: Treating dyspnea and anxiety symptoms with biofeedback in chronic lung disease – A qualitative analysis

RationaleChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by dysfunctional breathing patterns that contribute to impaired lung function and symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and abnormal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. ObjectiveThe study objective was to measure the acceptability of a new mind-body intervention we developed called Capnography-Assisted, Learned Monitored (CALM) Breathing, implemented before pulmonary rehabilitation. MethodsCALM Breathing is a 4-week (8-session) intervention designed to treat dyspnea and anxiety in adults with COPD by targeting dysfunctional breathing behaviors (guided by end-tidal CO2 levels). CALM Breathing consists of ten core breathing exercises, CO2 biofeedback, and motivational interviewing. Using qualitative methods and semi-structured interviews immediately post-intervention, we evaluated the acceptability and participation process of CALM Breathing. Themes were identified using constant comparative analysis. ResultsSixteen participants were interviewed after receiving CALM Breathing. Three main themes of CALM Breathing were identified: (1) Process of learning self-regulated breathing, (2) Mechanisms of a mind-body intervention, (3) Clinical and implementation outcomes. ConclusionsPositive themes supported the acceptability of CALM Breathing and described participants’ process of learning more self-regulated breathing to manage their dyspnea and anxiety. Positive signals from qualitative participant feedback provided support for CALM Breathing as an intervention for COPD, but larger scale efficacy trials are needed.

Novel Strategies for Efficient Water Electrolysis

A growing global population in parallel with an increased prosperity seen from a global perspective have raised the need for energy and raw material resources exponentially. These increased needs have led to a number of negative consequences such as pollution, raw material shortages, increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, and not least a threatening global warming. Renewable energy will be essential to break the dependence of fossil fuels, but due to the intermittency of renewables a storable non-fossil alternative is needed. Hydrogen represents one of very few sustainable options to store renewable energy on large scale and for seasonal variations. Here, we present novel strategies on water electrolysis driven by photovoltaics, with a focus on the development of state-of the art electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant transition metals, doped with sulphur and phosphor [1]. We show that by tuning parameters such as adsorption energy, morphology and conductance of the electrocatalysts we can achieve solar-to hydrogen efficiency approaching 20 % [2]. We discuss on strategies, mechanisms and challenges in the field of PV-driven electrolysis.[1] Ekspong, J; Larsen, C; Stenberg, J;, Kwong, WL; Wang, J; Zhang, J; Johansson, EM; Messinger, J; Edman, L; Wagberg T, Solar-Driven Water Splitting at 13.8% Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency by an Earth-Abundant Electrolyzer, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, sc-2021-03565f (acssuschemeng.1c03565). (2021)[2] H Zhang, A Aierke, Y Zhou, Z Ni, L Feng, A Chen, T Wågberg, G Hu, A high‐performance transition‐metal phosphide electrocatalyst for converting solar energy into hydrogen at 19.6% STH efficiency, Carbon Energy, 5 (1), e217 (2022)

Electrochemical Direct Air Capture of Carbon Dioxide by a Redox-Mediated Salt Splitting Process

Direct air capture of carbon dioxide is an important emerging direction for electrochemical separation technology. Carbon dioxide removal has a critical role to play in the coming century as a complement to deep decarbonization efforts, because removal may offset emissions we cannot avoid, such as agriculture for food security. Direct air capture might even be used to decrease the atmospheric carbon dioxide level if the value at which it stabilizes is deemed too high. Electrochemical methods allow us to power a carbon removal device directly by carbon-free electricity. Here, we present a salt splitting process, based on bipolar membrane electrodialysis, which begins with a neutral electrolyte (e.g. KCl), and creates a strong base (e.g., KOH) and a strong acid (e.g., HCl). The base may then be used to absorb carbon dioxide from ambient air; the acid is then used to extract the carbon dioxide by recombining with the base, reversing the salt splitting process. The process is driven by iron(II/III) hexacyanide redox on carbon cloth electrodes, which is kinetically facile and contributes relatively little to the cell voltage.Energy required for redox-mediated salt splitting depends on contributions from water dissociation in the bipolar membrane, ohmic resistances in ion exchange membranes and electrolyte layers, and electrode reactions. We show that the largest contribution to the energy required comes from the bipolar membrane, motivating further research on bipolar membrane development. We also discuss the role of ion exchange membranes in this system: these membranes must provide high ion conductivity while providing selectivity against leakage of acid and base products. Several commercial membranes were screened for conductivity and water content, and their electrodialysis performance is compared. Finally, we use technoeconomic modeling to assess how electrodialysis operating conditions and electrolyte composition affect energy, land, and water demands of a continuously operating direct air capture process, with redox-mediated salt splitting as the centerpiece. Figure 1

The impact of global warming on polar marine life

The global region is currently facing enormous environmental issues of global warming, which is affecting the entire Earth's ecosystem, especially the natural environment of the oceans. Global warming is a natural phenomenon caused by energy imbalances caused by the cumulative greenhouse effect absorbed and released by the terrestrial air system. The ongoing energy buildup in the terrestrial air system has led to rising temperatures and global warming. Natural disasters and biological chain fracturing are just two examples of the dangers that climate change poses to various facets of humanity. The primary cause of this phenomena is one of the key causes of global farming. In addition, it poses a major threat to the equilibrium of natural ecosystems because of the astounding amount of carbon dioxide emissions produced annually, which directly contributes to an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Climate change on the surface of the Earth is a direct outcome of this "greenhouse effect." Environmental pollution, which is getting worse every day, has grown to be a significant global issue and is one of the main causes of global warming. Today, studies on global climate change have amply demonstrated that the Earth's surface temperature has been increasing since the end of the last century. At the same time, this phenomenon has had a significant impact and harm on human survival.

Solar-Driven Continuous CO2 Reduction to CO and CH4 using Heterogeneous Photothermal Catalysts: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges.

The urgent need to reduce the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere and keep the effects of climate change manageable has brought the concept of carbon capture and utilization to the forefront of scientific research. Amongst the promising pathways for this conversion, sunlight-powered photothermal processes, synergistically using both thermal and non-thermal effects of light, have gained significant attention. Research in this field focuses both on the development of catalysts and continuous-flow photoreactors, which offer significant advantages over batch reactors, particularly for scale-up. Here, we focus on sunlight-driven photothermal conversion of CO2 to chemical feedstock CO and CH4 as synthetic fuel. This review provides an overview of the recent progress in the development of photothermal catalysts and continuous-flow photoreactors and outlines the remaining challenges in these areas. Furthermore, it provides insight in additional components required to complete photothermal reaction systems for continuous production (e. g., solar concentrators, sensors and artificial light sources). In addition, our review emphasizes the necessity of integrated collaboration between different research areas, like chemistry, material science, chemical engineering, and optics, to establish optimized systems and reach the full potential of this technology.

CFD-based multi-objective optimization of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in a classroom

Comfort conditions and air quality in educational buildings can affect students’ performance, achievement and productivity, but they can also threaten their health. In this study, a sample classroom in Trakya University, Edirne, which lacks a ventilation system, is discussed. Depending on the determined parameters, an optimization study was performed using computational fluid dynamics. Predicted mean vote (PMV) for general thermal comfort, draught rate (DR) for local thermal comfort and the carbon dioxide (CO2) level for indoor air quality are selected as target functions. Outdoor air temperature, heating/ventilation system, insulation thickness, number of people in the classroom and clothing factor were identified as parameters that could affect the target functions. According to the numerical results, the rank of importance of the parameters affecting the target functions was calculated using the Taguchi method. The effect percentages of the parameters were determined using the analysis of variance. Then, all target functions were optimized with the grey relational analysis. The best case obtained as a result of the optimization has PMV, CO2 and DR values of −0.12, 511 ppm and 5.37%, respectively. When the general results are evaluated, a comfortable and healthy environment is provided in the classroom with the underfloor air distribution system operating at 100% fresh air and a reduced number of occupants.

Harnessing the power of microbes for sustainable development: Climate change mitigation and sustainable food security

AbstractThe effects of releasing carbon from the terrestrial pool into the atmosphere have significant long‐term and short‐term implications that affect many parts of our globe. Agricultural fields might help to address these concerns and provide cost‐effective solutions, such as lowering carbon dioxide levels (CO2) in the atmosphere while raising carbon levels in the soil. In order to increase agricultural land's potential to absorb and store carbon, the proper selection of suitable microbial inoculants with the capability to sequester carbon into soils is critical. Soil quality and characteristics would improve as a result, and atmospheric carbon would therefore be reduced. Soil microbes have the potential to influence the level of organic matter, which has an impact on the soil's ecological system and characteristics. Soil microbes play a role in carbon sequestration in soils by regulating multiple and distinct pathways for CO2 inputs and losses, such as biochemical processes that could sequester CO2, the capacity to sediment carbonates, the rigid nature of their components and vegetative tissues, or the composition of complex substances that preserve carbon in the soil. Further research is needed to investigate if particular microbial strains that can sequester carbon will help enhance soil quality and prevent climate change.

Cyclic Storage Chamber Ozonation as a Method to Inhibit Ethylene Generation during Plum Fruit Storage

This study presents a method for inhibiting ethylene production during the room-temperature storage of plum fruits, using gaseous ozone (O3). The proposed storage strategy involves the cyclic ozone treatment of fruits every 24 h with specified O3 doses. Throughout the storage period, cyclic analyses of the atmosphere composition in storage chambers were conducted, measuring ethylene and carbon dioxide levels. Several parameters describing changes in fruit quality and biochemical transformations were systematically monitored until the end of the storage process. The results clearly indicate that fruits subjected to cyclic ozone treatment with the highest O3 doses during storage exhibit the slowest ripening rate. This reduced ripening rate is primarily attributed to the downregulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase expression, leading to a lower ethylene concentration in the storage chambers. Other obtained results concerning soluble solid content, titratable acidity, total polyphenols, anthocyanins, and vitamin C content confirm the observations regarding the impact of ozone treatment in slowing down the fruit ripening process. The best outcomes were achieved by applying a cyclic ozone process with a 100 ppm dose for 30 min.

Predicting future global temperature and greenhouse gas emissions via LSTM model

This work is executed to predict the variation in global temperature and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from climate change and global warming, taking into consideration the natural climate cycle. A mathematical model was developed using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with Long–Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Data sets of global temperature were collected from 800,000 BC to 1950 AD from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Furthermore, another data set was obtained from The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) climate website. This contained records from 1880 to 2019 of global temperature and carbon dioxide levels. Curve fitting techniques, employing Sin, Exponential, and Fourier Series functions, were utilized to reconstruct both NOAA and NASA data sets, unifying them on a consistent time scale and expanding data size by representing the same information over smaller periods. The fitting quality, assessed using the R-squared measure, ensured a thorough process enhancing the model's accuracy and providing a more precise representation of historical climate data. Subsequently, the time-series data were converted into a supervised format for effective use with the LSTM model for prediction purposes. Augmented by the Mean Squared Error (MSE) as the analyzed loss function, normalization techniques, and refined data representation from curve fitting the LSTM model revealed a sharp increase in global temperature, reaching a temperature rise of 4.8 °C by 2100. Moreover, carbon dioxide concentrations will continue to boom, attaining a value of 713 ppm in 2100. In addition, the findings indicated that the RNN algorithm (LSTM model) provided higher accuracy and reliable forecasting results as the prediction outputs were closer to the international climate models and were found to be in good agreement. This study contributes valuable insights into the trajectory of global temperature and GHG emissions, emphasizing the potential of LSTM models in climate prediction.