Level Of Ambition Research Articles

The relationship between students' demographic attributes and level of Ambition Among Nursing Students

The relationship between students' demographic attributes and level of Ambition Among Nursing Students

Implementation of Eco‐schemes in Fifteen European Union Member States

SummaryEco‐schemes are set to play an important role in the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) post‐2022 for the delivery of environmental and climate benefits and enhanced animal welfare. This article surveys current plans for the design of eco‐schemes in fifteen European Union Member States. The number of eco‐scheme measures to be offered per country varies between 3 and 21, and the complexity and level of ambition of the individual measures are quite heterogeneous. The majority of the proposed eco‐scheme measures either build upon components from greening obligations or stem from agri‐environmental and climate schemes currently offered under Pillar 2. All fifteen Member States address Green Deal targets, with particular emphasis being given to biodiversity enhancement and non‐productive land. Eight of the countries surveyed are planning to provide support for organic farming through an eco‐scheme. The greater creative freedom offered by the CAP’s New Delivery Model has resulted in a situation where similar measures are programmed as eco‐schemes in some countries and as Pillar 2 measures in others. By adding yet another policy instrument to the CAP’s toolbox, the complexity of the CAP is vastly increased. It remains to be seen how farmers will respond.

التنمية السياحية ومردودها الاجتماعي والاقتصادي في السودان

Aims of Tourism Development to achieve an integrated system of optimization between all natural elements and items of heritage and civilization with a view to the development of the components of the tourism product in order to attract different levels of tourists, through the introduction of various programmes and plans that aim to achieve tourism development-impact social and economic. Can formulate the problem of the study; the rectifiers provide tremendous in the field of recreation, leisure and tourism in Sudan, but that the level of activity of the tourism and socio-economic impact are still without the level of ambition. The importance of the study; the effects of competing and overlapping socially, economically and environmentally, besides, it's an opportunity to shed light on the state of Sudan lady and its cultural justification even human. As well as its importance as a sector of the economy contributes to the increase of GDP. Reflected the objectives of attracting; in the quest to identify the ingredients and potential natural and human resources and identifying patterns of Tourism available, to provide a realistic vision for tourism and the possibility of its development and its attendant environmental problems, the monitoring and analysis of economic and social changes of the population. Methodology of the study; was to use the historic house, approach use analytical, and behavioral therapy, the method of quantitative statistical. The study has several findings, the most significant; affecting respects religious, social and political tourism. Highlighted tourism cultural characteristics of groups and the Sudanese to others. Can the tourism sector that provides job opportunities to the proportion (12%) of total employment. Contributed to the tourism sector in the GDP increase is estimated (68.3) million.

Updated nationally determined contributions collectively raise ambition levels but need strengthening further to keep Paris goals within reach

By January 2022, 156 countries had submitted new or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. This study analyses the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and macroeconomic impacts of the new NDCs. The total impact of the updated unconditional and conditional NDCs of these countries on global emission levels by 2030 is an additional reduction of about 3.8 and 3.9 GtCO2eq, respectively, compared to the previously submitted NDCs as of October 2020. However, this total reduction must be about three times greater to be consistent with keeping global temperature increase to well below 2 °C, and even seven times greater for 1.5 °C. Nine G20 economies have pledged stronger emission reduction targets for 2030 in their updated NDCs, leading to additional aggregated GHG emission reductions of about 3.3 GtCO2eq, compared to those in the previous NDCs. The socio-economic impacts of the updated NDCs are limited in major economies and largely depend on the emission reduction effort included in the NDCs. However, two G20 economies have submitted new targets that will lead to an increase in emissions of about 0.3 GtCO2eq, compared to their previous NDCs. The updated NDCs of non-G20 economies contain further net reductions. We conclude that countries should strongly increase the ambition levels of their updated NDC submissions to keep the climate goals of the Paris Agreement within reach.

Non‐ and sub‐state climate action after Paris: From a facilitative regime to a contested governance landscape

AbstractThe Paris Agreement marks a significant milestone in international climate politics. With its adoption, Parties call for non‐ and sub‐state actors to contribute to the global climate agenda and close the emissions gap left by states. Such a facilitative setting embraces non‐state climate action through joint efforts, synergies, and different modes of collaboration. At the same time, non‐state actors have always played a critical and confrontational role in international climate governance. Based on a systematic literature review, we identify and critically assess the role of non‐state climate action in a facilitative post‐Paris climate governance regime. We thereby highlight three constitutive themes, namely different state‐non‐state relations, competing level of ambition, and a variety of knowledge foundations. We substantiate these themes, derived from an inductive analysis of existing literature, with illustrative examples and propose three paradigmatic non‐state actor roles in post‐Paris climate governance on a continuum between compliance and critique. We thereby highlight four particular threats of a facilitative setting, namely substitution of state action, co‐optation, tokenism, and depoliticization. Future research should not limit itself to an effective integration of NSSAs into a facilitative climate regime, but also engage with the merits of contestation.This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

University students’ ambition levels and vocational tendencies associated with common culture

Introduction.Jordanian education system encourages students to invest their potentials to fulfill their needs, make their ambitions come true and achieve success in their lives. However, many students still face problems in determining their ambitions and vocational tendencies to attain their goals.Aim.This studyaimsto identify the degree of ambition level and its relation to the vocational tendencies among university students with respect to the common culture. It focused on two main domains, namely the ambition level and its relation with vocational tendencies.Methodology and research methods.A quantitative method was adopted to analyse the data. The study sample consisted of 500 male and female students studying at Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU) chosen randomly. The authors developed a study instrument which was divided into ambition level 10 items. Strong – Campbell Interest Inventory Scale was applied to examine the tendencies of vocational development. This scale consisted of 42 items divided into six domains.Results.The results showed there was a statistically significant positive relation between the ambition level and vocational tendency among BAU students. There were statistically significant differences at (.05 = a) in the ambition level attributed to the effect of the gender factor in favour of females. Also, there were statistically significant differences in the vocational tendencies attributed to the gender effect in all domains except the vocation selection domain. These differences were in favour of males in relation to the study materials domain, but in favour of females in relation to all the other domains as a whole. The vocational tendencies variable was considered a significant variable that increased the achievement of students’ ambitions.Scientific novelty.The study concluded that developing social changes require a high level of ambitions to cope with the continuous developments in different domains particularly the academic domain. Educators can develop students’ ambition level and identify vocational tendencies to excel in their own goals toward innovation and creativity in light of the common culture.Practical significance.The study draws interesting conclusions based on the analysis and discusses practical recommendations for key stakeholders. The Ministry of Education in Jordan should pay more attention to the vocational tendencies among students from earlier stages to direct these tendencies in appropriate ways that provide students with a good academic life leading to decent social, vocational and practical life that gets along with the common Jordanian culture. Besides, universities are recommended to focus on ways of developing the ambition level among students by raising parents’ awareness to set a good example to their children, bring them up from an early age to be ambitious and promote their ambition level.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY AND ITS SUSTAINIBILITY

Sustainability definitely has become a hot topic in recent years. Clearly, it is a subject that is not going away and whose importance in the corporate world is gaining currency. The notion of “doing well by doing good” is moving incrementally into mainstream business practice. In what might be considered a sea change, some very important customers now want know about their sustainability efforts, as do a growing number of consumers. This paper provides an overview on the concepts and definitions of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Corporate sustainability (CS). It is based on historical perspectives, impact of changing contexts and situations show that "one solution fits all"-definition for CS(R) should be abandoned, accepting various and more specific definitions matching the development, awareness and ambition levels of organizations And while it's hard to tell whether consumers are leading or following when it comes to the importance of sustainability, it's definitely on their radar. Business success increasingly is going to depend upon clear view to their impact on future generations. For this, and other valid reasons, need to arrive at a practical, workable model of sustainability KEY WORDS- Sustanibility, incremental, corporate, Future generation Rader, Conducting Operation.

SubsidyExplorer: A decision-support tool to improve our understanding of the ecological and economic effects of reforming fisheries subsidies.

The magnitude of subsidies provided to the fishing sector by governments worldwide is immense—an estimated $35.4 billion USD per year. The majority of these subsidies may be impeding efforts to sustainably manage fisheries by incentivizing overfishing and overcapacity. Recognizing the threat these subsidies pose, the World Trade Organization has set a goal of reaching an agreement that would end fisheries subsidies that contribute to overcapacity, overfishing, and illegal fishing. However, negotiations have been hampered by uncertainty around the likely effects of reforming these subsidies. Here we present a novel method for translating a bioeconomic model into an interactive online decision support tool that draws upon real-world data on fisheries subsidies and industrial fishing activity so users can directly compare the relative ambition levels of different subsidy reform options.

Positive thinking and its relationship to the level of ambition among teachers of physical education in Nineveh Governorate

The aim of the research is to:- 1- Identifying the level of positive thinking and the level of ambition among male and female teachers of agricultural education in Nineveh Governorate. 2- Identifying the level of positive thinking and the level of ambition of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate according to gender variables (males - females). 3- Identifying the relationship between positive thinking and the level of ambition among male and female teachers of physical education in Nineveh Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlation method, and the researcher used the computer program (SPSS). The researcher reached the following results:- 1- The positive thinking of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate is characterized by a high level. 2- The level of ambition of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate is characterized by a high level. 3- The positive thinking and level of ambition of physical education teachers are characterized by a high level, according to gender variables (males - females). 4- There is a relationship between positive thinking and the level of ambition among male and female teachers of physical education in Nineveh Governorate. Recommendations and Suggestions:- 1- Urging male and female teachers in the Education Directorates of the Ministry of Education and School Sports Activity to organize educational lectures on the concepts of positive thinking and the level of ambition. 2- Conducting a similar study for other segments of society (employees, university professors, lawyers).

The University Environment and Its Relationship to Raising the Level of Ambition and Increasing Academic Self-Motivation among Graduate Students in Jordanian Universities

The current study aimed to identify the university environment and its relationship to raising the level of ambition and increasing academic self-motivation among graduate students in Jordanian universities, according to the variables of gender, specialization and academic year. The study sample consisted of (700) male and female students who were chosen by the stratified random sampling method. Three scales were applied to them: the university environment scale, the level of ambition scale, and the academic self-motivation scale. The study concluded: There is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of the university environment and each of the level of ambition and academic self-motivation among the study sample, and the results did not show the presence of significant differences in the level of the university environment and its dimensions due to the gender variable, or to specialization, as indicated that there are differences in the two dimensions (Educational courses, university activities and programs) and in favor of scientific disciplines, as well as the absence of significant differences for the three dimensions of the university environment (university activities and programs, societal values, satisfaction with faculty members) due to the academic year. There were differences in the total degree and the three dimensions (educational courses, university activities and programs, students) in favor of doctoral students in the fourth year. It deals with the relationship between the university environment and other psychological and cognitive variables. Keywords: level of ambition, academic self-motivation, university environment. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-18-04 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Preferences for and perceptions about politicians’ goals and how they impact women’s and men’s political ambition

Women consistently report lower levels of nascent political ambition than men, which causes problems for the recruitment of women in politics. The aim of this study is to better understand the mechanisms behind this gender gap by simultaneously studying the extent to which gender differences in preferences for and perceptions about the typical goals attained through a political career (power, independence and communal goals) can explain gender differences in political ambition. Using data collected among Belgian political and social sciences students (N = 322), our results provide a strong confirmation of the gender gap in political ambition. We also find substantial gender differences in preferences for and perceptions about goals pursued through political careers. However, these individual-level differences in preferences and perceptions only marginally reduce the gender gap in political ambition, emphasising the need for active political recruitment.

ASEAN�s External Economic Relations and the Limits of Its Economic Diplomacy

The purpose of this article is to outline the multiple facets of ASEAN�s external economic relations (EER), loosely termed as ASEAN economic diplomacy. In doing so, this article builds on two main frameworks: strands of economic diplomacy and general framework of economic diplomacy and employs research interviews and documentary analysis as the main research method. Findings suggest that ASEAN is most advanced in its trade diplomacy, relying on the ASEAN-plus scheme. ASEAN also displays an interesting pattern in their trade diplomacy, since it is mostly aimed at achieving political goals rather than economic ones. The main reason for this is because ASEAN member states can actually achieve larger economic gains by negotiating individually rather than collectively through ASEAN. However, ASEAN still faces limitations in doing collective negotiations due to its regional development gap, different levels of economic ambition, absence of a common external tariff and the lack of a regional negotiator acting on behalf of ASEAN.
 Keywords: ASEAN, economic diplomacy, external economic relations, trade diplomacy

Definitions and accounting of climate finance: between divergence and constructive ambiguity

ABSTRACT The Paris Agreement reaffirmed the commitment to provide USD 100 billion in international climate finance to developing countries by 2020, while COP26 agreed to set a new target by the end of 2024. However, in the absence of a clear, internationally accepted definition of climate finance, the estimates of the progress towards this objective wildly differ. This article provides an overview of different issues related to diverging definitions of climate finance, its main dimensions and proposes to distinguish between counting methods (e.g. Rio markers) and accounting frameworks of climate finance (e.g. by the OECD). We start by reviewing the existing definitions of climate finance both under the UNFCCC and beyond, followed by a discussion of the key dimensions of climate finance that affect definitions, as well as the main climate finance accounting approaches. In the context of the Paris Agreement, attaining a consensus among Parties on the definition of climate finance is crucial, but may result in watering down the level of ambition, for example, by including finance to activities that may not be in line with the latest climate science. Such convergence would require resolving all controversial dimensions of climate finance discussed in this article – notably, provider versus recipient side perspectives, eligible activities, inclusion of controversial sectors and technologies, public versus private finance, climate versus development finance, accounting for negative climate finance and so on. As most likely not all issues can be resolved through a consensual multilateral process, some level of ‘constructive ambiguity’ may be required in defining and accounting for international climate finance. Key policy insights There is no commonly accepted definition of international climate finance today, making it difficult to track progress. Climate finance accounting approaches differ depending on the interpretation of different dimensions of climate finance. A commonly accepted definition of climate finance should take into account the latest science on 1.5°C and net-zero scenarios. Climate clubs or coalitions may take up the issue of ‘muddled’ counting methods and accounting frameworks of international climate finance in ‘side deals’ of official negotiations. The Standing Committee on Finance is best positioned to authoritatively perform regular accounting for finance flows eligible under international climate commitments.

Generation Diverse Talent Management Practices: Main Determinants and its Influence on Firm Performance

Implementation of diverse talent management (TM) practices allows enhancing diversity and inclusion and may influence organizational outcomes. The paper investigates the relationship between generation diverse TM practices and firm performance. We use the data from 82 companies to reveal factors that shape generation diverse TM practices. We claim that there is a positive link between those practices and firm performance. We also find that the way of thinking and decision-making, the level of responsibility, the reaction to changes and innovations, the skillset, and the level of ambition tend to vary among generations and that these factors determine TM practices for generations.

Cooperative Carbon Alliances: Defining an Agenda for Global Industrial Decarbonisation

There have been several recent proposals for cooperative climate alliances, from the OECD, the IMF, the World Trade Organization (WTO), the German Government, and others. The “Climate Club” concept comprises many different possible regimes and intents. They range from so-called transformational clubs (which incentivise membership and penalise non-members), to looser joint agreements on ambition level for climate action, such as the UN’s Net-Zero Coalition. Given this option, there is not yet any agreement on how to design such a “club”, or its aims, rules, or scope of membership.

Realization of Paris Agreement pledges may limit warming just below 2 °C.

Over the last five years prior to the Glasgow Climate Pact1, 154 Parties have submitted new or updated 2030 mitigation goals in their nationally determined contributions and 76 have put forward longer-term pledges. Quantifications of the pledges before the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) suggested a less than 50 per cent chance of keeping warming below 2 degrees Celsius2-5. Here we show that warming can be kept just below 2 degrees Celsius if all conditional and unconditional pledges are implemented in full and on time. Peak warming could be limited to 1.9-2.0 degrees Celsius (5%-95% range 1.4-2.8 °C) in the full implementation case-building on a probabilistic characterization of Earth system uncertainties in line with the Working Group I contribution to theSixth Assessment Report6 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We retrospectively project twenty-first-century warming to show how the aggregate level of ambition changed from 2015 to 2021. Our results rely on the extrapolation of time-limited targets beyond 2030 or 2050, characteristics of the IPCC 1.5 °C Special Report (SR1.5) scenario database7 and the full implementation of pledges. More pessimistic assumptions on these factors would lead to higher temperature projections. A second, independent emissions modelling framework projected peak warming of 1.8 degrees Celsius, supporting the finding that realized pledges could limit warming to just below 2 degrees Celsius. Limiting warming not only to 'just below' but to 'well below' 2 degrees Celsius or 1.5 degrees Celsius urgently requires policies and actions to bring about steep emission reductions this decade, aligned with mid-century global net-zero CO2 emissions.

The Coordinated Maritime Presences concept and the EU’s naval ambitions in the Indo-Pacific

Since the launch of the first-ever EU naval operation in 2008, the ongoing Operation Atalanta off the Horn of Africa, EU naval forces have operated primarily in Europe’s vicinity or in regions in which great-power tensions have been low. Yet, the Union has also begun to seek a naval role for itself in more sensitive regions, namely the Indo-Pacific, via the new Coordinated Maritime Presences concept. This article analyses the EU’s plans to play a more visible naval role in the Indo-Pacific, and argues that the extension of this concept to the region would raise the EU’s level of ambition as a naval actor. However, the EU’s ability to be a meaningful maritime security provider in the Indo-Pacific depends on the EU countries coming closer to seeing eye-to-eye on how the Union should approach China, and on their willingness to send vessels to the Indo-Pacific.

The Impact of the European Green Deal on EU Environmental Policy

The European Green Deal is the cornerstone of a comprehensive strategic package (European Green Deal Strategic Framework, EGDSF) which aims at transforming the EU into a climate-neutral and competitive economy by 2050. The present paper analyses the EGDSF policy design and investigates how it will affect EU environmental policy. It highlights that environmental policy areas are not characterized by the same level of ambition and are not equally equipped in terms of legislative initiatives (setting regulatory and economic instruments) to deliver on that ambition. When considering both these aspects, the policy areas of climate and energy (including GHG emissions from transport) emerge as the driving force of the EGDSF. Instead, in the biodiversity policy area, there is an evident mismatch between environmental objectives and legislative initiatives, which, in the long term, could jeopardize the achievement of all the key EGD goals, given their indivisibility.

The Role of Voluntary Work in Raising the Level of Ambition among Students of the University of Jordan

The study aimed to reveal the role of voluntary work in raising the level of ambition among students of the University of Jordan among a sample of (354) male and female students from various scientific and humanitarian disciplines in the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018, who were chosen by random method, they responded on the scale of the study, and the descriptive correlative approach was used. The study results showed that participation in voluntary work and the level of ambition among the study sample members were moderate. Nevertheless, the results showed a positive role for voluntary work in raising the level of ambition among students of the University of Jordan. In light of the study results, the researcher presented recommendations.
 
 Received: 18 November 2021 / Accepted: 31 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022

The Nexus between Uncertainty Avoidance Culture and Risk-taking Behaviour in Entrepreneurial Firms’ Decision Making

Abstract Purpose: The concerted effect of national culture and risk-taking behaviour of individuals on decision-making has not been given much attention in the literature. This paper, thus, attempts to investigate how the two variables, separately and jointly, affect the decision-making of firms. Methodology: The review pursues systematic literature review methodology. The keywords constituted in a series of search queries include risk-taking, or risk-taking behaviour, risk taking propensity, risk aversion, uncertainty avoidance, uncertainty avoidance national culture, fear of unknown or future, and uncertainty avoidance culture and risk-taking. The review of the studies addresses more than thirty-five countries over the years 1975–2021. Findings: The review result re-boosts the existing negative relationship between a high uncertainty avoidance culture and risk-taking behaviour. When the level of risk-taking is increased, the effect of uncertainty avoidance culture gets decreased, which thereof helps to reduce resistance to change in firms. The latter institutes a greater fear of failure, lower level of ambition, and less tolerance for ambiguity that result in low risk-taking appetite. Their concurrent effect is realized in various decision-making contexts including firms’ entry and investment decisions, customer buying decisions, self – versus group decisions, and policy decisions. Value Added: As a result, firms may need to consider the risk-taking behaviour and uncertainty avoidance culture of employees for certain jobs, consumers for marketing, managers for an international assignment in risky positions, and of individual countries for business expansion. The study claims to have added significant value to the practical and theoretical discourse of uncertainty avoidance national culture and risk-taking behaviour in business decision-making scenarios.