Level Of Acquaintance Research Articles

The Role of Teachers and Learners in TBLT

This paper deals with the implementation of TBLT in the classroom. This research discussed the role of teachers and learners in TBLT to improve their ability. The problem statement in this research is how the writing abilities of the students before and after giving Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) work among the students with different phases of task activities. Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is an approach that uses tasks as the primary element of planning and instructing in language teaching. In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) because TBLT is an interesting task activity that enhances students’ learning process. Learning is a method of active learning that involves multiple levels of acquaintance at the same time. Task-based language teaching is a learner-centred approach. TBLT advocates the shift from teacher-dependence to learner independence and provides authentic materials.

Commonality, Sociality and Understanding in Acquaintance

Kelly’s insights about Sociality and Commonality can help explain the development of acquaintance, through discovery of different depths and types of commonalities that in turn enhance different possibilities for sociality and playing social roles in relation to one another. Kelly’s approach emphasizes that psychological processes are not just abstract similarities that may exist but not be known. Rather, knowing that someone is similar to oneself is a far different psychological state from merely being similar to someone but not knowing it. Working through some of the ways in which psychological similarity is manifested in talk and behavior, the paper elucidates transitions through different levels of acquaintance in ways that have applications in team building and group cohesion. The paper also connects the development of relationships to previous work on relational construing by Procter and Winter,.

Investigating the Impact of Ethical Leadership on Student Perceptions of Ethical Decision-making in Business Management: Evidence from Bangladesh

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of ethical leadership on the ethical decision-making beliefs of students in the field of business management, specifically focusing on the data collected from Bangladesh. The study covers a heterogeneous sample of 406 participants, including individuals of all genders and varying age ranges, mostly from Dhaka University and North South University. The results indicate that all participants had a reasonable level of acquaintance with ethical leadership, indicating a consistent level of awareness among them. The participants expressed mostly favorable perspectives towards ethical leadership, as a substantial majority agreed that ethical leaders demonstrate integrity and act as exemplars of ethical conduct within the professional setting. Regarding the matter of ethical decision-making within the realm of business management, a considerable agreement exists, emphasizing its indispensability for the long-term prosperity of a firm. However, divergent viewpoints are evident about its effects on reputation, customer trust, staff morale, organizational culture, and sustainable practices. The research further examined the observation of ethical leaders, experiences with ethical challenges, and the incorporation of formal ethical training into company management. The vast majority of participants said that they had seen the presence of ethical leaders and had faced ethical challenges, underscoring their widespread occurrence. Additionally, a significant majority expressed support for the incorporation of structured ethical training within the realm of corporate management. In spite of these findings, a statistical analysis using ordered logistic regression revealed that the associations between the independent variables (Ethical Decision-Making, Observation of Ethical Leaders, Encounter with Ethical Dilemmas, Belief in Formal Ethical Training) and the ordinal dependent variable did not reach statistical significance at conventional thresholds. This finding indicates that, based on the parameters of this study, the variables in question did not demonstrate a strong predictive relationship with the ordinal dependent variable. However, this research provides significant contributions to the understanding of how students in Bangladesh perceive ethical leadership and ethical decision-making. It highlights the significance of ethics education and the presence of ethical role models in the realm of business management.

Function of appeal in speech etiquette (by the Kazakh and Tatar languages )

The article deals with the function of appeals in the speech etiquette of the Kazakh and Tatar languages. In the Turkic languages, the system of using addresses is especially developed. They change depending on the level of acquaintance of the speaker, various social situations, the mood of the communicants, communicative and pragmatic goals. The speech etiquette of each people is closely connected with the traditions and national consciousness of this people. This can only be verified by analyzing the etiquette system of a given people. It is clear that the communication of people in society requires compliance with certain rules and norms of speech etiquette. It is especially important to observe the rules of etiquette when using appeals. Considering them as part of speech etiquette is a great opportunity, a real tool for studying the culture of the country. The study analyzes the features of the use of addresses of two languages ​​in some social situations. In the analysis of language units, the methods of functional-semantic analysis, collection and conclusion were used. As a result of the study, a large number of similar features of the use of forms of address in the Kazakh and Tatar language cultures were revealed. A comparative analysis shows that related terms are often used in the communication of strangers, and emotional vocabulary is actively used as addresses in the communication of close people. Key words: Kazakh language, Tatar language, speech etiquette, appeals, related terms.   &nbsp

Preventive Measures and Spread of COVID-19 Infection among Dental students in Basra in the First Period of the Epidemic in Iraq: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

This study was undertaken in the college of the Dentistry- University of Basra, Oral and maxillofacial surgery Department. This survey assessed protective measures regarding COVID-19 infection and aimed to evaluation the evidence on the affiliation between use of preventive measures and COVID-19 infection among dental students in Basra. The questionnaires were designed and assembled into two domains as follows: 1- Personal data including age, sex, and academic stage. 2- Analytical data including questions regarding infection rate among dental students and their commitment of COVID-19 preventive measures. An explanation for the aim of this study was coupled to the questionnaire, and the members were asked to sign an online informed permission. The questionnaires were directed toward 1000 dental students and only 875 were responding to the survey and included in the databank. The duration of study approximately takes 10 days, the questionnaire was conducted to students on February, 12th 2020 and the documents collecting were closed at (February, 22nd 2020). On the topic of preventive measures follow in order to avoid the dispersion of COVID-19 infection, an endemic feature of Corona virus disease has led to the deaths of thousands of individuals across several countries. For the prevention of the extent of the disease and its mortality, several preventive measures have been recommended. Conversely, the level of acquaintance and the implementation of such protective measures against COVID-19 among dental students in Basra which constitute vulnerable group are yet to be evaluated. Eight-hundred and seventy-fife questionnaires were analysed. Out of the 875 participants, (250) were males, and (675) were females. Two hundred and sixty-one (29.8%) participants had been infected with covid -19, and six hundred and fourteen (70%) were not being infected. Regarding the correlation between the infection with COVID-19 and the sex and college stage, consequently, no substantial statistical differences were detected between the males and females amongst COVID infected students. This survey demonstrated that the terms of self-protective means in addition to community disaffection will be considerably drops the statistics of dental student’s COVID infections.

The Level of Acquaintance of the Teacher with His Students and the Quality of the Relationship between Them in Elementary Schools of the Arab Minority in Israel

The Level of Acquaintance of the Teacher with His Students and the Quality of the Relationship between Them in Elementary Schools of the Arab Minority in Israel

PRAGMATICS AND SEMANTICS OF THE NEW EUPHEMIC VOCABULARY

This article considers euphemism as a material for substantiating the concept of interaction between semantics and pragmatics of lexical units in the Kyrgyz and English languages. In the use of euphemisms, age, gender differences, the level of acquaintance of the respondents, their positive or negative reaction to the spoken word are given. At the same time, issues related to property and racial discrimination, death and any phenomenon, ritual, crime, drug addiction, aggressive politics are considered and confirmed by examples.

The connectivity network underlying the German\u2019s Twittersphere: a testbed for investigating information spreading phenomena

Online social networks are ubiquitous, have billions of users, and produce large amounts of data. While platforms like Reddit are based on a forum-like organization where users gather around topics, Facebook and Twitter implement a concept in which individuals represent the primary entity of interest. This makes them natural testbeds for exploring individual behavior in large social networks. Underlying these individual-based platforms is a network whose “friend” or “follower” edges are of binary nature only and therefore do not necessarily reflect the level of acquaintance between pairs of users. In this paper,we present the network of acquaintance “strengths” underlying the German Twittersphere. To that end, we make use of the full non-verbal information contained in tweet–retweet actions to uncover the graph of social acquaintances among users, beyond pure binary edges. The social connectivity between pairs of users is weighted by keeping track of the frequency of shared content and the time elapsed between publication and sharing. Moreover, we also present a preliminary topological analysis of the German Twitter network. Finally, making the data describing the weighted German Twitter network of acquaintances, we discuss how to apply this framework as a ground basis for investigating spreading phenomena of particular contents.

Lucidarius in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechia: Types of Reception in the mid-16th to the First Quarter of the 20th Century

The article is focused on the problems of historical typology of the Slavic reception of the translated Lucidarius (Lucidář) in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, and Czechia throughout its existence. For the first time, a general overview of Slavic evidences is presented in a generalized way, reflecting various types of perception (positive, negative, and neutral) of the specific literary text and indicating the chronology of each of them. Based on these evidences, their historical interpretation is presented, which consists in identifying two qualitatively different stages in the reception of the text under consideration: emotionally engaged (it can equally manifest itself in a positive or negative attitude) and neutral. The change of these historical stages took place in different Slavic countries within half a century (from the 1850s/60s to the 1920s). This process did not depend on the national characteristics of the functioning of Lucidaria, for example, the number of translations performed or their manuscript copies made, as well as the presence or the absence of a local Slavic printed tradition of this particular text, which significantly influenced the degree of its dissemination and, consequently, the level of acquaintance with it in the reading public.

Sociodemographic Impact and Acquaintance on Antibiotic Resistance Among Outpatients in Specialist Hospital, Malaysia

INTRODUCTION: Awareness on antibiotics resistance among outpatients in hospital settings is reasonably explored and this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic impact and the level of acquaintance towards antibiotics practice and resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 patients from the outpatient department of KPJ Seremban Specialist Hospital (KPJSSH), Malaysia. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data on the demographics of the patients, their knowledge, attitude, and usage of antibiotics. The study was approved by the KPJUC ethics committee (KPJUC/RMC/BPH/EC/2017/104). RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 36 ± 11.07 years and 50.37% of them have moderate knowledge on antibiotics. The knowledge and attitude on antibiotics usage exhibited a significant difference (p=0.001) amongst these patients in association with literacy. The results showed that the literate respondents have significant knowledge on the identification of antibiotics (p=0.021), their roles, and adverse effects (p=0.004). The attitude of the respondents towards following the prescription was significantly associated with their literacy (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that respondents have the least knowledge on antibiotic course compliance and termination of therapy, which could lead to antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, inculcating the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and course compliance among the patients may help overcome the national and global issues on multi-drug-resistant diseases.

Self-regulation of pharmaceutical activity in Ukraine: opinion of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians

The Sustainable Development Goals for 2016–2030, approved in September 2015 at the United Nations Summit, are possible only if the institution of self-regulation of pharmaceutical activities (SRFD) is built and further effective cooperation of public authorities with self-regulatory pharmaceutical organizations (SRPhO). The results of the study of sources of scientific literature show that various aspects of the formation of SRPhA in Ukraine have been studied by a number of domestic researchers. Despite this, a number of little-studied and debatable issues remain that require further research.
 The aim of the work was to study the opinion of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians on the understanding of the essence and necessity of introducting SRPhA in Ukraine, their readiness to become members of SRPhO.
 To reach this goal, the following methods were used: questionnaires, mathematical statistics, generalization and interpretation of results. The primary data were taken from 894 questionnaires, 827 of qualitatively completed face-to-face and part-time questionnaires were selected and processed, they were conducted in the majority (16 out of 25) of regions controlled by the Government of Ukraine.
 According to the results of a questionnaire survey of pharmaceutical specialists (PhS), including 67.1% of pharmacists and 32.9% of pharmacy technicians, the respondents' level of acquaintance with the basic principles of self-regulation of certain markets is extremely low: 17.7% among pharmacists and 15.1% among pharmacy technicians. Nevertheless, 38.2% of the surveyed pharmacists and 36.8% of other respondents have a positive attitude to the possibility of SRPhA, the principle of obligation of which for all market participants was fully supported by 14.0% of pharmacists and 16.2% of pharmacy technicians. Instead, almost two-thirds of respondents (64.5% and 62.9% of the relevant groups) believe that only pharmaceutical specialists can be members of the SRPhO, and 25.4% of pharmacists and 21.3% of pharmacy technicians are willing to become its members voluntarily.
 Thus, found the similarities of both groups of PhS regarding their familiarity with the basic principles of self-regulation of individual markets, their attitude to the possibility and binding nature of SRPhA, membership in the SRPhO and attitude to this membership. At the same time, the survey showed their insufficient understanding of the essence and necessity of SRPhA implementation. Given the development of SRPhA in well-developed countries and it’s nurturing at the legislative level of Ukraine, there is a need to promote the idea of SRPhA among PhS and contact audiences, which are endowed with control functions, and those who do not have such functions.

HR professionals cultivating resilience and crisis awareness toward a business excellence environment

PurposeThis paper explores how resilience may mitigate the impacts of a crisis and at the same time foster business excellence. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the role of HR department (HRD) in cultivating resilience and crisis awareness.Design/methodology/approachIn order for the authors to assess their hypotheses, a research model was conceptualized and tested by conducting an empirical study in Greek organizations that enlist the largest number of employees in Greece, belonging to various corporate sectors. Following the review of the relevant literature on resilience, business excellence and crisis management (CM), the research model and research hypotheses are presented.FindingsThe empirical section illustrates the statistical analysis of the collected data and the test of the research hypotheses. The authors managed to validate their research hypotheses through the research. The research demonstrated that promoting resilience and crisis awareness in a business excellence environment can reinforce the role of HRD aiming to overcome crises.Practical implicationsFollowing the research findings, the implications for managers and organizations are presented alongside with the research limitations. Managers and HRDs can review their mindset towards resilience. Thus, they may reevaluate their CM plans and processes according to the research findings.Originality/valueThe extended literature review proved that limited studies deal with the contribution of resilience regarding CM and business excellence. The originality of the present is to promote the cultivation of resilience in line with a high level of acquaintance with CM procedures to the dynamic role of HRD in terms of CM.

Are Nurses Homophobic? A Survey Study in Public Hospitals in Turkey.

Studies conducted with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) people in Turkey have found that such people experience social isolation, neglect, insufficient healthcare services, and disrespect. However, no study has been reported related to clinicians' approaches and attitudes towards them. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of nurses towards homosexual individuals and the factors associated with the homophobia levels of nurses. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey study. The study was conducted with 449 participants in four hospitals. Nurses who had been working for at least 1 year in the hospitals were included in the sample of the study. The data were collected by using a two-part survey form. The first part was an information form regarding the participants' socio-demographic and professional characteristics, and the second part was the Hudson and Ricketts Homophobia Scale. The data were analyzed using numbers, percentages, means, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency analysis, parametric tests (t test and analysis of variance), nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis) and multiple linear regression. The study found that most of the Turkish nurses were not professionally homophobic. However, their personal homophobia scores were high. Their attitudes towards homosexuals varied by factors such as education level, acquaintance with LGBTI people, level of acquaintance, and locations of the hospitals. Nurses who work in public hospitals stated that they would provide care for LGBTI people. However, their Homophobia Scale scores were over the mid-point. Subjects related to the health needs of LGBTI people should be included in the curricula of nursing departments and in in-service training at health service institutions. LGBTI individuals have complained about the reaching out health care services and negative attitudes of health care professionals towards them. Findings of this study provides important data to understand the homophobia level and reasons of nurses to develop in-service education and training programs for coping and changing their negative attitudes.

Feasibility of implementing public\u2013private partnership (PPP) in the development of hospital services and optimizing resource allocation in Iran

BackgroundIn recent decades, many countries have utilized public–private partnership (PPP) as a development initiative to reform their healthcare sectors. The present study examines the feasibility of implementing public–private partnerships for development of hospital services in Shiraz, Iran.MethodsThis was a descriptive study of questionnaires carried out on one of Iran’s major southern cities (Shiraz) in 2016. Research population comprised of the hospitals affiliated to the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), private hospitals, charities, and healthcare investors. A total of 56 participants were chosen by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questions` range were defined from 1 to 5. Data analysis was performed in SPSS21 using the Mann–Whitney test, T test, and Chi square test at 0.05 significance level.ResultsThe participants from the public sector had a significantly higher level of acquaintance with the concept of PPP and significantly more inclination to participate in such projects (P < 0.05). The mean values of the determinants of successful implementation of PPPs for hospital services were presented from the public and private participants` viewpoints as follows: public sector rated the capacity-creating (2.60 ± 0.39) and the social-cultural (2.58 ± 0.40) component as having a better condition than other determinants however, the private sector rated the financial-capital (2.64 ± 0.46) as the best. Analysis of the mean scores of determinants of implementation of PPP from the viewpoint of public and private sectors showed a significant difference in their views in terms of financial-capital and social-cultural dimensions (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAccording to the participants, the requirements for implementation of public–private partnerships for hospital services are not properly met. For any progress to be made in this regard, Iranian authorities and policymakers should devise a new platform for attracting private participation and improving hospitals’ readiness to engage in PPP projects.

The Ben-Gurion—Blaustein ‘Understanding’ as a Historiographical Yardstick

The significance long assigned to the Ben-Gurion–Blaustein agreement as exemplifying the relationship between Israeli and American Jews makes the 'understanding' a useful historiographical yardstick. I shall demonstrate that the reticence of Ben-Gurion and Blaustein to discuss the cultural and religious exchange between the communities is generally mirrored in research about the relationship between the Jews of Israel and America. Like Ben-Gurion and Blaustein, researchers have concentrated on the institutional and political activities of the two societies while largely overlooking the deeper level of acquaintance between them and their cultural and religious meeting points. I shall conclude by noting how an emphasis on their cultural and religious exchanges might contribute to future research on the relationship, and inform and nuance recent perceptions of its decline.

Variation in address practices across languages and nations

Abstract This article compares variation in the use of address practices across languages (Swedish, Finnish) and national varieties (Sweden Swedish, Finland Swedish). It undertakes quantitative and qualitative analyses of three sets of transcribed medical consultations. In Sweden Swedish, address pronouns which lower social distance overwhelmingly dominate. In Finnish, both address forms reducing social distance and practices maintaining greater distance are found, with age and level of acquaintance revealed as the most salient factors. Finland Swedish is located somewhere between Sweden Swedish and Finnish, displaying a stronger tendency than Finnish to use informal direct address forms to reduce social distance, but also showing similarities with Finnish in the use of direct formal address and indirect address. The differences can be related to larger socio-cultural patterns which, however, form a continuum rather than a fixed set keeping the two languages and countries completely apart.

The shape of personal space

The notion of a personal space surrounding one's ego-center is time-honored. However, few attempts have been made to measure the shape of this space. With increasing use of virtual environments, the question has arisen if real-world aspects, such as gender-effects or the shape of personal space, translate to virtual setups. We conducted two experiments, one with real people matched according to body height and level of acquaintance in a large laboratory setting, and one where subjects faced a virtual character, likewise matched to their body height. The first experiment also used a mannequin in place of the second human observer. The second experiment additionally manipulated the perspective of the subject to compare estimates of interpersonal distance between an egocentric and an allocentric perspective (in third-person view). Subjects approached (or were approached) from different angles until a comfortable distance for conversation with a stranger was reached (stop-distance task). Personal space turned out to be rather circular with a radius of about 1 m. Male pairs kept larger distances from one another than female or mixed-gender pairs. All subjects assumed larger distances to the mannequin compared to the real observer. Very comparable distances were preferred to the avatar in the virtual environment. Also, it did not matter whether the subject was engaged in active approach, was approached, or merely adjusted the distance between two avatars. Implications for theories of personal space are discussed.

The Americanization of Film Subtitles: A Sociocultural Linguistic Perspective to Subtitling Translation in the Arab World

One inevitable technique used by translators is to draw the author’s modes of thinking towards that of the reader as close as possible without paying much attention to the various aspects of meaning associated. This domestication technique has been criticized by Venuti (1995) for its denial of the visible role of the translator in his/her translated text. As a substitute, a translator might foreignize the reader’s modes of thinking and introduce him to that of the author. In parallel, a film subtitler is doomed to choose one of these preferences either to satisfy the target language audiences linguistically and culturally, or to impose on them the source language foreign structures and modes of thinking. The translator’s preference between these two techniques is not as clear cut as Venuti suggests. Factors such as the language distance between the SL and the TL, the translated text’s subject matter, the language dominancy, and the translator’s level of acquaintance with the various cultural facets of both the TL and the SL should also be taken into consideration in such preference. This paper is an attempt to investigate the subtitling translation of the American films in the Arab world in terms of Venuti's dichotomy of domestication and foreignization. It is based on a case study which examined the Arabic subtitle of two American films; “The Aviator” and “The Departed”, and the English subtitle of the Egyptian Arabic film “Hassan wa Murkis”.

Evaluation of Investor Awareness on Techniques used in Stock Trading before their Investment

Indian stock exchange is one of the world’s largest stock market. It holds 16,993,616 active demat account investors as on February 2018, where the investor trade the equities. An equity holding will make the investor to own a percentage of the company’s capital. The value of the investment raise as the company develops, initially it starts with Initial Public Offering (IPO) which will be allotted by the companies. This will be listed in stock exchange for secondary market. The investor decides whether to hold the stock for a longer or shorter period depending on the percentage of returns. Most of the research studies had concluded that Indian stock market is highly volatile, sensitive, reactive to news and unanticipated shocks. This instantly has an impact on the market trend activities, but it resilient and recovers soon. The investor aims for high returns on the investment, and experience a high risk . Since the direction of market is unpredictable and lack of knowledge for the success factors, leads to fear on investing in stock market. Practically the risk and returns are directly proportional. However the risk-return perceptions of the investor may vary.The aim of this study is to analyse acquaintance level of the investor in stocks trading and the technical knowledge to overcome the risk factors while trading in live market before investing.

Acquaintance to Anti-smoking related Laws amongst College Students of a North Indian Medical University

Background: In submission to the increasing burden of tobacco use, an Act named Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act 2003 (COTPA) has been made to regulate tobacco use. Despite various rules and regulations initiated by the government, tobacco is easily accessible to minors and students of educational institutions. The present study is an attempt to assess the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use among college-going students, their perceptions about tobacco use and the level of acquaintance with COTPA Methods: A cross-sectional study in September 2014 was conducted among 237 students. A pre-designed, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to assess perceptions related to tobacco use and acquaintance with COTPA 2003. Results: Ever or current use of tobacco was present among 3.8% students. Tobacco consumption was present among family members of 74(31.2%) study participants. Ban on smoking in public places and on tobacco advertisement was known to 92.82% and 49.8%, respectively. Smoking in their institution was noticed by 53.2% study participants. Conclusions: COTPA, even after 13 years of implementation, has not been completely enforced. Strict compliance to rules is necessary by legal enforcement. The lack of awareness about the Act among medical students has to be looked upon seriously.