Level Of Accident Risk Research Articles

Quantitative risk analysis of road transportation of hazardous materials in coastal areas

Given the complex climate conditions in coastal areas and their role as key transportation hubs for hazardous chemicals, this study proposes a method to quantitatively and comprehensively evaluate transportation risks. Initially, accident data were analyzed to identify risk factors from five aspects: human, vehicle, materials, environment, and management, based on system safety theory. Subsequently, a risk analysis model was developed using Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, interpretive structural model theory, and Bayesian theory to quantitatively assess accident risk levels. The model was applied to a case involving a hazardous chemical accident on a cross-sea bridge, where Bayesian backward reasoning was used to analyze the sensitivity and importance of risk factors. This approach facilitated the key risk factors affecting the safety of hazardous chemical transportation systems. Notably, the study incorporated scenarios involving hazardous material transport vehicles crossing sea bridges into the risk assessment framework, offering valuable insights for management authorities. It also considered the impact of strong side winds-a factor often overlooked-in hazardous material transport. The validation process demonstrated that the method accurately quantifies the risk of hazardous chemical transportation and identifies the key factors influencing accident occurrence. The research highlights that strong gusts of wind significantly impact safety, and human factors are crucial in the overall risk system.

Application of The Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Method to Improve Work Safety in The Automotive Spare Parts Industry

This industry consists of companies engaged in metal processing and workmanship. Companies often receive complaints from employees concerning pain or discomfort in their bodies, causing diseases such as low back pain and myalgia. The risk of accidents occurring at work is inseparable from the work done. Work-related accidents can occur due to several factors, including unsafe action. One cause of unsafe actions can be found in various unsafe work postures that workers assume. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the posture of these workers so that it can improve their safety and health. This research was conducted by identifying occupational risks workers face and examining work performed in stamping products. The production section consists of six stations: material handling, stamping, welding, hemming, painting, and packing. The work risks run by workers have been identified using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire and interview methods. As for the identification of the type of work carried out by evaluating work postures, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method has been employed. The risk level of accidents is also used for the selection of activities to be improved to minimize the level of injury risk caused by work postures that have been assumed, and in order to improve the safety and health of the workers. Improvements made are in engineering, such as manufacturing of assistive devices, and management engineering, such as providing directions that can improve the specific work posture used. Calculations are based on simulations performed with tools conducted with suggested postures by evaluation using the REBA method. Based on the results of REBA calculations, the resulting risk is lower than the one caused by the previously assumed posture, namely medium and low.

Construction Safety in Girder Installation Work on Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project

Toll road development, in its implementation, has a relatively high risk of work accidents, and it cannot be denied that work safety management is still weak and there is a lack of awareness about the magnitude of the risks that threaten workers. Girder erection work is included in high-risk work. The method used is HIRADC, according to PUPR Ministerial regulation No. 10 of 2021 concerning SMKK guidelines. This study aims to identify hazards, make risk level assessments, and make risk control efforts that can reduce the risk level of work accidents in girder installation work at the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project. The limitation of the problem is that the research location only focuses on Section 4 of Sta 33+150, the Cibitung – Cilincing Toll Road Construction Project on the P2 – P3 JU Cakung Drain Pillar Span with the girder installation process using a Gantry Launcher. This study uses a qualitative research approach with a descriptive form to determine the possibility and the consequences that will occur, as well as control the hazard to reduce the possibility and severity. In this study, there are 2 data collection techniques: Primary Data (Observation, Interviews were conducted with 3 sources, K3 Experts, and a Questionnaire was conducted related to risk assessment of the likelihood and severity values) and Secondary Data. This research's novelty lies in using tools during the girder lifting process because the girder length is 50.8 m, and the danger factors are different. The questionnaire data collected found that implementation of the girder installation work identified 52 hazards, with a large level of risk are 20 hazards (38.46%) and medium risk levels are 32 hazards (61.54%). Control efforts by means of engineering, administration and personal protective equipment (PPE) found a decrease in the level of high risk and the level of moderate risk is no longer found, and the level of small risk becomes as many as 52 hazards (100%). So, it can be concluded that the results of the risk level assessment have been better than before.

Prediction of Accident Risk Levels in Traffic Accidents Using Deep Learning and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks Applied to a Dataset with Information on Driving Events

A complex AI system must be worked offline because the training and execution phases are processed separately. This process often requires different computer resources due to the high model requirements. A limitation of this approach is the convoluted training process that needs to be repeated to obtain models with new data continuously incorporated into the knowledge base. Although the environment may be not static, it is crucial to dynamically train models by integrating new information during execution. In this article, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are developed to predict risk levels in traffic accidents with relatively simpler configurations than a deep learning (DL) model, which is more computationally intensive. The objective is to demonstrate that efficient, fast, and comparable results can be obtained using simple architectures such as that offered by the Radial Basis Function neural network (RBFNN). This work led to the generation of a driving dataset, which was subsequently validated for testing ANN models. The driving dataset simulated the dynamic approach by adding new data to the training on-the-fly, given the constant changes in the drivers’ data, vehicle information, environmental conditions, and traffic accidents. This study compares the processing time and performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Random Forest (RF), Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), using evaluation metrics of accuracy, Specificity, and Sensitivity-recall to recommend an appropriate, simple, and fast ANN architecture that can be implemented in a secure alert traffic system that uses encrypted data.

Quantitative Accident Risk Estimation for Infrastructure Facilities Based on Accident Case Analysis

The construction industry records higher accident rates than other industries, and thus, risk estimation is necessary to manage accident rates. Risk levels differ based on facility type and construction project size. In this sense, this study aims to calculate the quantitative accident risk level according to the construction project size per infrastructure facility type. To this end, the following five-step risk estimation was performed: (1) data collection and classification; (2) calculation of fatality rate based on construction cost; (3) calculation of fatal construction probability by construction cost classification; (4) reclassification of construction cost considering fatal construction probability; and (5) calculation of risk level by facility type and construction cost classification. As a result, the fatality rate per facility type was the highest in ‘Dam’ at 0.01024 (person/USD million). Additionally, the risk level according to the construction project size per facility type was the highest for ‘Dam’ (0.00403 person/USD million) for a construction of less than USD 0.77 million. The risk level presented in this study can be utilized as basic data in the design stage for safety management. Our results also indicate the necessity of preparing a separate construction cost classification for safety management.

Bayesian neural networks to reduce accidents while tower crane operations

The subject of the article is methods of preventing and reducing the risk of an accident during the operation of a tower crane. The research focuses on the method when the Bayesian approach is integrated with an artificial neural network to determine probability distribution function of tower crane accident. The goal of the study isto provide the rational reasons why using a Bayesian neural network could reduce the level of accident risk while tower crane operating. To achieve the goal of the research were performed: review and analysis of the methods used in modern conditions to assess the level of accident risk when operating a tower crane; identified the reasons why these methods need improvements; proposed and provided justifications why Bayesian neural network could be a powerful method in preventing tower crane accident. During review and analysis were used: Bayes theorem, theory of probability and mathematical statistics, theory of artificial neural networks. The summary from the results of conducted analysis of modern methods which are used to estimate accident risk level for tower crane included that some methods are based on expert judgements only which are not possible to verify so the risk’s estimates obtained from those methods could be biased; other methods are good in estimation of the probability of happening of tower crane accident, however could not be used to prevent the accident to happen. In order to eliminated disadvantages of the used methods it is proposed to use Bayesian neural network to determine probability distribution function and use it to determine threshold value for risk factors which could provoke an accident’s event happens during tower crane operation.

Risk Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Using the Hazard And Operability Study (HAZOP) Method for the Semani Drainage Project (Sentosa-Remaja-A. Yani)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk of accidents in the construction project of drainage in Semani (Sentosa-Remaja-A. Yani) with the aim of assessing the level of accident risk that occurs. Occupational Safety and Health is an obligation mandated by the Labor Law and the Minister of Manpower Regulation, so that the risk of accidents can be minimized. In the implementation of the drainage project in Semani (Sentosa-Remaja-A. Yani), the Occupational Safety and Health System (K3) has been applied properly, but accidents often result from the negligence of the workers themselves. Therefore, an appropriate approach is needed to identify accident risks. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) is a method that can be applied to identify and analyze the risks of work accidents. The research results show that high-risk conditions account for 32%, medium-risk for 54%, and low-risk for 14%, so improvement recommendations are more focused on high and medium-risk conditions

Hazard Factor Identification And Efforts To Control Work Accidents In Welding Activities In Tanks (Confined Space) At PT. Menubar Kaltim

Background: Hazard factors and risks on ships, especially in welding activities in tanks (confined space) there are hazard and risk factors that cannot be avoided by workers. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi melalui teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap 6 informan, 3 informan utama dan 2 informan pendukung 1 informan kunci. From the results of research through interviews, it can be known that hazard factors, especially in welding activities in the tank (confined space) there are 17 potential hazards with 19 levels of risk and the impact of each category level including 0 risks being included in the low category, 6 risks of being included in the moderate category, 7 risks being included in the high category, 6 other risks are. There are still workers who do not comply with the importance of work safety, some workers actually know that the hazard factors around them are very risky but workers still carry out unsafe behaviour, forget to use personal protective equipment, do not check first, incomplete equipment and damaged equipment as well as worker awareness in equipment maintenance and maintenance of workplace areas.
 Objectives : This research aims analayze hazard factor and work accident control efforts in tanks welding activities (confined space) at PT. Menubar Kaltim
 Research Metodes: The type of research used is qualitative which is a research method carried out with the main aim of giving an objective picture of a situation (Notoatmodjo, 2012). The research design used in this study is by phenomenological approach method. The approach is a study that describes phenomena that occur and can be observed. This study is for (data presentation) and conclucion (verification).
 Findings: Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers with main informants, supporting informants, key informants, about hazard factors and efforts to control work accidents in welding activities in tanks (confined space) at PT. MK. The main informants in this study were 3 welding workers in the tank (confined space), 1 safetyman and 1 person in charge of the machine in a limited space as a supporting informant who also conducted supervision in the work area (hot work, confined space) and 1 person as a key informant, namely the supervisor. The main information in this study is that each informant has different knowledge due to the experience of workers while working as regulated according to Law Number 11 concerning Job Creation in 2020 and Undung-Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning work safety.
 Conclusion: Welding activities in tanks (confined space) have a very high level of work accident risk for welding workers in ship tanks. Welding activities in tanks (confined space) at PT. Menubar Kaltim has all levels of risk categories, namely low, moderate, high to extremely high. The results obtained from data analysis using JSA and RA to determine the results on welding activities in tanks (confined space) 17 potential hazards with 19 risk levels of risk and 0 risk levels of low, 6 moderate, 7 high, 6 extremely high.

Risk-informed longitudinal control in autonomous vehicles: A safety potential field modeling approach

The advent of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has complicated traffic flow and raised safety concerns, there is a pressing need to enhance traffic efficiency alongside ensuring robust safety. This paper proposes a dynamic longitudinal control strategy for AVs, based on real-time accident risk assessments. Data from traffic flow, road characteristics, and weather conditions are analyzed using a random forest algorithm, producing a real-time accident risk identification model through a support vector machine. In addition, the Perceived Risk Field Model (PRFM), a car-following model calibrated using the NGSIM dataset, considers vehicle distance, velocity, relative velocity, and acceleration. These models underpin our proposed longitudinal control strategies, tailored to variable accident risk levels. Under the normal risk control strategy, the PRFM outperforms the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and the Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Model (CACC) in stability and driving comfort. For high accident risk scenarios, our approach shows improved collision avoidance and traffic oscillation mitigation. Simulations indicate that the high accident risk control strategy offers better safety and stability than the normal risk strategy. Furthermore, traffic flow diagrams suggest an increase in road capacity as AV penetration rates rise, pointing to the promising efficiency of our proposed solution. This research provides a robust framework for AV operation, ensuring optimal traffic safety and efficiency.

ANALISIS RISIKO K3 PADA MAINTENANCE MESIN FINAL PRESS MENGGUNAKAN METODE SWIFT

This study aims to determine the hazards that arise as a result of the final press machine maintenance process and to provide a solution to the existing hazards in the form of safeguards or recommendations for improvement. The method used in this study is the SWIFT (Structural What If Analysis) method, which is a technique for identifying the dangers of a questioning approach using the what if keyword. System design is carried out to evaluate the company's occupational safety and health system by examining the causes and implementing corrective solutions. In this paper, the results of this study were carried out using a qualitative method by conducting an analysis on maintenance activities for the final press machine which resulted in risks with different levels, namely 13 medium priorities, 3 low priorities and 4 lowest priorities with the conclusion that the medium priority would be recommended for system improvement because it has the highest priority value which aims to prevent and reduce the risk level of work accidents in the final press machine maintenance process. Suggestions for companies to pay more attention to the safety and health of workers in order to achieve a comfortable and safe work system for workers by providing PPE, and there needs to be an emphasis on implementing efforts to control work accidents for workers to minimize the risk of work accidents.

Occupational Accident Risk Analysis using Failure Mode and Analysis Method: A Case Study of X City Main Market Development Project

Construction Projects are a work sector that has a high level of work accident risk. This is due to the lack of awareness of the importance of implementing a good Construction Safety Management System (SMKK) following applicable laws and regulations, often the application of the Construction Safety Management System on a project is considered only as a costly expense, not as an investment to prevent work accidents but only is considered to provide a level of loss from the project itself. But, in the construction of the Main Market of City X, there was a work accident; an analysis was carried out using the Failure Mode And analysis method, several works with a high-risk level, namely formwork demolition work, installation work and WF steel assembly work with each value of 48 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19, ceiling frame assembly work with a value of 36 risk priority number with a risk map value of 17, Pile head bore work, ceiling material transportation work from storage, test commissioning work with each value of 32 risk priority numbers with a risk map value of 19.

Development of Mobile Application in Assessing Commuting Accident Risk (CommuRisk) Amongst Commuters at Klang Valley

Introduction: Globally, commuting accident risks are always neglected in an organisation. There is a need to assess the impact of commuting accidents based on sociodemographic, human, vehicle, road, and environmental factors and to find suitable and effective mitigation strategies to alleviate the associated undesirable outcomes. Methods: This research was designed to develop a mobile application to assess commuting accident risk levels using artificial intelligence principles, as we are now in the 21st-century technology era. A total of 216 respondents from private and government industries participated in this study. Besides, to prove the developed application’s effectiveness, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the identified risk factor in determining the level of commuting risks predicted by respondents with the risk level calculated by the mobile application. Results: A major contribution of this paper is the effectiveness and accuracy of a mobile application known as CommuRisk. The app was developed using Android Studio and natively uses Java. There was a significant difference between with and without mobile applications in determining the level of commuting risks, and the effectiveness was proven with a (p-value = 0.001) at a 95% confidence interval with large sample size. Conclusion: Thus, this paper proved the effectiveness and accuracy of a mobile application in calculating risk levels exposed by commuters compared to risk levels predicted by commuters.

STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ON BLASTING PROCESS IN ANDESITE STONE MINING AREA WITH HIRAC METHOD IN CV. ARTHA AGUNG BERSAMA, HULU GURUNG SUB-DISTRICT, KAPUAS HULU REGENCY

CV. Artha Agung Bersama is an andesite mining company that uses a blasting system. This mining activity can harm workers if they do not apply good K3 management in blasting activities. One of the hazards of blasting activity is flying rock. For this reason, it is necessary to identify potential hazards, assess the level of accident risk, and recommend risk control efforts. The method in this study is the HIRAC (hazard identification risk assessment and control) method. This activity has five potential hazards: broken drum straps, worker negligence, explosive sounds, fly rock, and workers walking in a hurry in locations with a lot of gravel. There are five risks of accidents from potential hazards: being hit by a drum, scratched hands, pinched fingers forming a critical cover, slipping, exposure to diesel fuel, hearing loss, and being hit by a rock. Of the five hazard risks, three risks are included in the priority one category, namely: scratched hands, pinched fingers forming key covers, slipping, exposure to diesel fuel, and being hit by rocks. One risk is included in priority category three: being hit by a drum. One risk category is very high, namely being hit by a rock. The recommended risk control hierarchy for blasting activities is engineering control, administration, and personal protective equipment.

Evaluation of Accident Risk Level Based on Construction Cost, Size and Facility Type

Compared with other industries such as manufacturing, the construction industry has a higher danger of fatalities. In Korea, the risk level in the construction industry is managed using the fatality rate per 10,000 construction workers. However, this statistic is lacking in determining the exact risk level because it does not consider the exact number of workers and fails to reflect the specific characteristics of the construction industry. In this study, the fatality rate is deduced by considering the facility type and the project size based on total cost. From the results obtained, considering the facility type, “Assembly” is seen to be the most dangerous facility type. Considering the project size based on total cost, “Less than 0.008 billion dollars” is the most dangerous construction scale. Considering both the facility type and the project size based on total cost, it was confirmed that the overall fatality rate could exceed the fatality rate respective to each facility type and project size. Using the proposed method, it is possible to determine the quantitative risk level considering specific characteristics of the construction industry.

The Influence of Safety Slogan and Safety Program to Safety Culture: Case study at Drilling and Well Intervention Division one of Indonesia’s Oil and Gas Company

In the Oil and Gas Industry, Occupational Safety and Health are prioritized. This is not only based on the high risk in this industry but also part of maintaining the name of a company in developing its business. Because if a company's occupational safety and health record is bad, then investors will re-think for investing in the company. Occupational Safety and Health will be included as one of the points in the Key Performance Indicator of the company. The PTM as a subsidiary of one of oil company in developing country also considering that maintaining occupational safety and health properly is the main thing. As one of the upstream businesses in the field of oil and gas consisting of exploration and production, work operations at PTM have a high level of accident and occupational health risk. Mainly in drilling and well intervention operation. The company's vision and mission are then carried out with a Safety Management System and use a safety slogan as the objective of the organization. The embodiment of this slogan is through safety programs which was implemented in drilling rigs and well intervention barges with purpose to create free accident on working environment for PTM workers and their contractors. The transfer of management of the operational Block from previous operator to PTM in 2018 also affected the culture of occupational safety and health in the work area, especially in the field. Based on these conditions, this research was conducted to find out whether the safety culture practiced by PTM employees in the Drilling and Well Intervention division in the field is good enough. And to find out whether the safety slogans and safety programs that were carried out in part at the previous operator had an influence on the existing safety culture. The research method uses quantitative methods with research instruments in the form of questionnaires using a Likert scale. The population in this study were permanent and contractor employees who worked on drilling rigs and well intervention barges. The results showed that in general, the Company has a safety slogan and safety program that influences the safety culture implemented by employees. However, there is still a need to transform and improve the safety program in PHM in general and in the implementation of Drilling and Intervention.

Safety Risks Analysis: Moderating Effect of Risk Level on Mitigation Measures Using PLS-SEM Technique

The Malaysian construction sector registers higher fatal accidents than the manufacturing sector even though the latter has the highest cases of accidents. There is a need to implement effective safety risk management. The main objective of this study is to explore the moderating effect of risk level of accidents on mitigation measures implemented. For this purpose, the factors causing safety risks and the practical measures taken by contractors to mitigate these risks were identified, in addition to the operationalization of the likelihood and severity of accidents using suitable rating scales. Descriptive analysis shows that a fall-related accident is the most likely and the most severe safety risk at high risk level. Results from multivariate analysis using SmartPLS 4 show that safety risks have a significant positive relationship with mitigation measures, and risk level actually heightens this relationship. As a result, the practical measures implemented on construction sites to mitigate the impacts of accidents may be inadequate unless the moderating effect of risk level is considered during the planning, design, and management of construction safety. Therefore, mitigation measures taken by the contractors must take into account the types of factors causing safety risks, as well as the likelihood and severity of these factors.

Construction safety risks identification of integrated utility network facilities (IUNF) project in DKI Jakarta Province

DKI Jakarta Province implements the construction program of the Integrated Utility Network Facility (IUNF) to prevent repeated excavation and demolition of road bodies Construction work is one of the industries with the highest level of accident risk in the world. Likewise with construction projects in Indonesia, including DKI Jakarta Province, which is implementing the IUNF development program. One of the causes of the high rate of workplace accidents is unsafe conditions caused by poor safety management that cannot identify construction safety risks thoroughly. For this reason, good and reliable construction safety management is needed by identifying every risk that may occur and then conducting qualitative analyses to determine the level of each risk. Risk identification is carried out by first describing IUNF or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) construction activities.

Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Menggunakan Metode Hazard Identification And Risk Assessment Pada Proyek Konstruksi

The construction service sector is one of the many business fields that are classified as very prone to accidents. This research takes a case study, namely the Bali Kura-Kura Creative Campus Development Project which requires a lot of human resources and is of course prone to construction accidents due to negligence or human error. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of accident risk that occurs and provide K3 recommendations after knowing the level of accident risk. In this study the questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Questionnaires were compiled from predetermined research variables. After knowing the variables and data, the next step is to apply the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) method
 The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is the calculation using the HIRA method, which is that there are activities with a low risk level of 3 (15%) sources in the excavation area. Then there are 5 sources (25%) that are included in the medium risk level and 10 sources (50%) of the risk that are included in the high risk category found in all activity areas. Meanwhile, in the extreme risk category, there are 2 sources (10%) found in the excavation area and based on the analysis, it can be seen that the recommendations for improvement proposals that can be made include tightening supervision on each worker activity, enforcing SOPs for each activity, providing safety signs on certain areas that may pose a potential hazard, provide personal protective equipment (PPE).

Accident risk analysis of road geometric components using functional worthiness approach

The geometric design of the road should be based on the road design criteria and requirements contained in the design guidelines. However, the limitations of natural conditions and considerations during the design make the road design not ideal according to the guidelines. Deviations from the guidelines may indicate that the road is not standard and has potential accident risk. This study intends to analyze the risk of accidents from the geometric aspect of the road. The purpose of this study is to find out how the level of accident risk is due to the geometric conditions of the road. The approach used in this analysis is functional worthiness where each road component is compared with field data and design guidelines. The data collection method was carried out by measuring the geometric components of the road, which included horizontal and vertical alignments. The location of data collection was national roads in the Jambi Province area with a total road length of 1.095 km. For analysis purposes, the road data is divided into 82 segments. The analytical method used is multiple regression with various statistical parameters related to these results. The modeling results show that the regression coefficients for each variable horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, and combination of horizontal and vertical alignment are 0.248, 0.349, and 1.170, respectively. While the constant in this regression equation model is 3.366. The greatest value of the accident risk contribution is in the horizontal and vertical alignment variables with a coefficient of 1.170. The results of statistical tests show that the relationship between accident risk and the geometric aspect of the road has a strong linear relationship

RISK ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OF OIL AND GAS PIPELINE

The safety of pipelines that transport energy has become an important and controversial issue with the general public. The main hazard for safe transportation of substances is a pipeline failure taken as a loss of its tightness and release of the transported medium to the environment. To perform reliability analysis and estimation of accident risk level, Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) are two graphical techniques used to perform a risk analysis, where FTA represents causes and their probabilities of failures, and ETA represents consequences of a failure event. Failure of oil transmission pipelines was analyzed by fault tree analysis in this project, and the probability of internal corrosion, one of the root causes, has been evaluated by applying the physical reliability model. According to failure modes of pipeline, leakage and rupture, a fault tree of the pipeline was constructed. Minimal cut sets of the fault tree have been shown, and the failure probability of a top event and the important analyses of basic events were evaluated by quantitative analysis. In conventional fault tree analysis, probabilities of the basic events were treated as precise values. At last, the probability of different accident scenarios that may result from failed oil pipeline due to pipe rupture has been estimated.