Levels In Pregnant Women Research Articles

Comparison of 2% lidocaine infiltration and eutectic mixture of local anesthetics cream application before spinal needle insertion for pain reduction and assessment of maternal satisfaction levels in women undergoing cesarean section at a tertiary care se.

This study aimed to compare two analgesic pretreatment techniques for assessing pain reduction before spinal needle insertion and the subsequent patient satisfaction levels in pregnant female patients undergoing cesarean sections. Sixty pregnant female patients scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups. The Lidocaine group received local skin infiltration with 2% lidocaine pretreatment before spinal needle introducer insertion, whereas the eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) group received EMLA (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) cream pretreatment for at least 30 min before spinal needle introducer insertion. Subjective and objective pain scores, procedure duration, number of attempts, maternal satisfaction, and decisions regarding future numbing procedures and regional anesthesia were assessed. The demographic characteristics of the patients were similar between groups. The mean visual analogue scale pain score was significantly lower in the EMLA group compared to the lidocaine group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the objective pain score was significantly lower in the EMLA group (P < 0.05). The duration of spinal block placement was significantly longer in the lidocaine group than in the EMLA group (P < 0.05). The number of attempts to perform the spinal block placement was similar in both groups. However, women in the EMLA group expressed greater overall satisfaction than those in the lidocaine group (76.7% vs. 20.0%, P < 0.05). Analgesic pretreatment with EMLA cream is superior to local skin infiltration with lidocaine in pregnant patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Vitamin D levels in pregnant women, vitd-supplementation and its association with pregnancy outcomes

Vitamin D levels in pregnant women, vitd-supplementation and its association with pregnancy outcomes

Raised levels of chemerin in women with preeclampsia: A meta-analysis.

Chemerin is a multifunctional adipokine associated with systemic inflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between chemerin and the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the serum chemerin levels in women with PE. A systematic search was conducted across Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception until April 15, 2023, to identify studies comparing serum chemerin levels in pregnant women with and without PE. A random-effects model was employed to pool the results, accounting for heterogeneity. Thirteen datasets from 10 observational studies, encompassing 832 women with PE and 1298 healthy pregnant women, were analyzed. The pooled findings indicated a statistically significant elevation in serum chemerin levels in women with PE compared to controls (mean difference [MD] = 89.56 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] 62.14 - 116.98; P < 0.001; I2 = 87%). The subgroup analysis revealed consistent findings across studies that measured chemerin levels before or after the diagnosis of PE, studies that did or did not match the body mass index (BMI), and studies with varying quality scores (P values for subgroup differences were all > 0.05). Compared to controls, women with severe PE exhibited a significantly greater increase in serum chemerin levels than those with mild PE (P value for subgroup difference = 0.007). Additionally, meta-regression analysis results suggested that the mean BMI of the included pregnant women might positively modify the difference in circulating chemerin levels between women with and without PE (coefficient = 8.92; P = 0.045). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests a positive correlation between elevated serum chemerin levels and PE diagnosis in comparison to pregnant women without the condition.

Exploring the Impact of Iron Deficiency Anaemia on Glycated Haemoglobin A1c Levels in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review.

Haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is fundamental in monitoring glycaemic control during pregnancy. However, several conditions could affect this test's accuracy, including iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Hence, this systematic review delves into the underexplored connection between IDA, iron replacement therapy (IRT), and haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) during pregnancy. An electronic search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted by six authors. From a comprehensive search strategy, 968 records were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies were included, comprising 365 women selected for analysis. Six studies indicated a positive correlation between IDA and HbA1c levels, while one found no correlation. The average HbA1c level of the included studies in pregnant women was 5.64%. In comparison, it was found that non-pregnant women had lower HbA1c levels. Among the included studies, the mean HbA1c levels decreased from 5.1% to 4.89% after treating pregnant women with IRT. The review emphasises the complexity of interpreting HbA1c levels in pregnant women with IDA, highlighting the influence of pregnancy-induced physiological changes. In addition, this suggests that HbA1c should not be the sole criterion for diabetes management in pregnant women with IDA. Future research should focus on alternative glycaemic monitoring methods unaffected by IDA.

Selenium Supplementation and Gestational Diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

To assess the effects of selenium supplementation on blood glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkiye, from February to July 2023. In the first phase of this study, the selenium levels of the pregnant women who routinely had an oral glucose tolerance test were measured, and in the second phase of the study, the pregnant women diagnosed with GDM were randomly divided into two groups that received 4-week interventions: Diet alone and diet plus selenium supplementation (200 µg/day). Selenium level in pregnant women with GDM was significantly lower than in healthy pregnant women, and a selenium level less than 80 ng/ml predicted GDM diagnosis with a sensitivity of 58.59% and a specificity of 67.11%. Pregnant women with low selenium (<80 ng/ml) had a 2.709-fold higher risk for GDM compared to those with higher values. Fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly in both groups after the respective interventions, but the decrease was greater in selenium recipients. Furthermore, fasting, 1st and 2nd hour blood glucose levels were lower in selenium recipients compared to those who only received diet. Selenium level in pregnant women with GDM was low compared to healthy pregnant women. Selenium supplementation had a beneficial impact (compared to diet only) on blood glucose levels in pregnant women with GDM. Pregnancy, Pregnancy outcome, Diabetes, Gestational, Dietary supplements, Selenium.

The effect of dates and honey extracts (phoenix dactylifera and apis mellifera) for increasing pregnant women's haemoglobin.

To examine the effect of date fruit extract and honey in increasing haemoglobin levels in pregnant women. The quasi-experimental study was conducted from July to August 2022 in Rumbai Pesisir Subdistric, Pekanbaru, Indonesia, and comprised anaemic pregnant women with haemoglobin levels <11gm/dl who were not consuming iron tablets or blood boosters. They were given honey and date extracts 2 tablespoons twice daily for two weeks. Haemoglobin level was checked at baseline and then at the end of each week of intervention. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20 and quantitative method by using bivariate analysis. Of the 50 women, 59(98%) were aged 20-35 years, and 1(2%) was aged >35 years. Besides, 21(42%) women were in the second trimester, 17(34%) in third, and 12(24%) in the first trimester of pregnancy. The increase in haemoglobin levels post-intervention was highly significant (p=0.0001). Date fruit extract and honey increased haemoglobin level of pregnant women.

The significance of Syndecan 1, a new marker for endothelial dysfunction, in cases of fetal growth retardation.

In the current study we aimed to investigate Syndecan 1 (SDC1) levels in pregnant women diagnosed with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and the relationship between SDC1 levels and clinical and doppler parameters in FGR cases associated with endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis and uteroplacental insufficiency METHOD OF STUDY: A total of 90 pregnant women included in the study, (45 with FGR, 45 healthy control) matched by week of gestation and maternal age. Venous blood samples were collected and plasma concentrations of SDC1 were determined by a specific immunoassay. Doppler examination was performed to evaluate the relationship between the SDC1 levels and placental blood supply. Doppler parameters; meanUtA-PI(p <.001), CPR (p=.002) and CPUR (p <.001) were different between the groups, however MCA PI, umbilical artery PI and umbilical artery S/D were not (p>.05). While gestational age at delivery, birth weight, APGAR score at 1 and 5 min were significantly lower (all, p <.001) in the study group, non-reassure fetal heart rate tracing (p=.09) and NICU admission (p=.02) were significantly higher. SDC 1 level was 2,00±1,47ng/mL and 2,34±1,12ng/mL in the FGR and control groups, respectively (p=.008). In the study group SDC 1 level was 1,69±2,00 in those with gestational age below 32weeks and 2,13±1,18 in those with gestational age above 32weeks and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups (p=.015). Plasma SDC 1 concentration of 2,1850ng/mL or less had a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 72%, area under the ROC curve.65 (p<.005). Low maternal plasma SDC1 level may be associated with placental insufficiency and FGR. Low levels of SDC1 may be helpful as a predictor for the development of FGR during gestation.

Plasma Free Amino Acid and Carnitine Levels in Pregnant Women with Hydatidiform Mole: A Case-Controlled Study

Background: To determine plasma free amino acid (FAA) and carnitine levels in pregnant women with hydatidiform mole (HM). Materials and Methods: Twenty-three pregnant women with HM, and 24 healthy pregnant wo-men as controls were enrolled in the study. FAA and carnitine concentrations were measured in plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results: The levels of alanine, arginine, and valine from the 14 amino acids examined were signif-icantly lower in the HM group than in the healthy group (p = 0.019, p = 0.009, and p = 0.03, respec-tively). In addition, several carnitines, C8DC, C16:1, and C18, of the 27 carnitines examined were significantly higher in the HM group than in the control group (p = 0.021, p = 0.03, and p = 0.021, respectively). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that a decrease in some plasma FAAs and an increase in some plasma carnitine levels might be effective in the pathogenesis of HM.

Vitamin D and childhood disability: diseases of the nervous system

Child disability associated with diseases of the nervous system, the main cause of which is cerebral palsy (CP), is often accompanied by an insufficient level and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, but in our opinion, practicing physicians and health officials at all levels pay insufficient attention to this problem, therefore, this paper is devoted to the study of the influence of vitamin D on the disability of children resulting from diseases of the nervous system. We statistically investigated the association between the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in municipalities of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug — Yugra and the number of cases of resulting childhood disability due to nervous system disease in 2021, using the anonymized results of 31,596 measurements of vitamin D levels in residents of the autonomous okrug, gratuitously provided to us by INVITRO-Ural LLC, whose staff the authors express their deep gratitude to. The calculations demonstrated the presence of a directly proportional relationship between the incidence of disability as a result of nervous system disease and the prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency in the territory of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra. The incidence of cerebral palsy is largely due to pregnancy abnormalities. Many researchers have associated the occurrence of cerebral palsy with preterm labor and low birth weight of the newborn with normal gestational age. The analysis indicates the great influence of vitamin D on the course and results of pregnancy, since pregnant women often have insufficient levels of vitamin D, which does not ensure full development of the fetus, which is accompanied by an increased incidence of various pathologies in the mother and child. Taking vitamin D supplements as prescribed by a doctor can be useful for pregnant women and children with cerebral palsy. The former need it to ensure the normal course and favorable outcome of pregnancy, and the latter — to increase bone mineral density and improve the body’s immune defense against a variety of diseases. To make recommendations on the amount of daily dosage and duration of vitamin D preparations, accurate knowledge of its initial level in the patient’s blood serum is required, which predetermines the need for mandatory monitoring of 25(OH)D levels in pregnant women and patients with cerebral palsy.

Laser-printed paper ELISA and hydroxyapatite immobilization for colorimetric congenital anomalies screening in saliva

BackgroundAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a fetal protein that can indicate congenital anomalies such as Down syndrome and spinal canal blockage when detected at abnormal levels in pregnant women. Current AFP detection methods rely on invasive blood or serum samples, which require sophisticated equipment. From the many solutions proposed, colorimetric paper-based assays excel in point-of-care settings. The concept of paper-based ELISA (p-ELISA) enhances traditional methods, aligning with the ASSURED criteria for diagnostics in resource-limited regions. Despite success in microfluidic paper-based assay devices, laser printing remains underexplored for p-ELISA. Additionally, modifying the paper surface provides an additional layer of sensitivity enhancement. ResultsIn this study, we developed a novel laser-printed paper-based ELISA (LP-pELISA) for rapid, sensitive, and noninvasive detection of AFP in saliva samples. The LP-pELISA platform was fabricated by printing hydrophobic barriers on filter paper using a laser printer, followed by depositing hydroxyapatite (HAp) as an immobilization material for the antibodies. The colorimetric detection was achieved using AuNPs functionalized with anti-AFP antibodies and silver nitrate enhancement. The LP-pELISA exhibited a linear response for AFP detection in both buffer and saliva samples over a range of 1.0–800 ng mL−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) reaching 1.0 ng mL−1. The assay also demonstrated good selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. The LP-pELISA was further validated by testing spiked human saliva samples, showing its potential for point-of-care diagnosis of congenital disabilities. SignificanceThe LP-pELISA is a noninvasive platform showcasing simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness, utilizing laser printing, hydroxyapatite modification, and saliva samples to efficiently detect AFP. Beyond its application for AFP, this method's versatility extends to other biomarkers, positioning it as a catalyst for the evolution of paper-based biosensors. The LP-pELISA holds promise as a transformative tool for point-of-care diagnostics, fostering advancements in healthcare with its innovative technology.

Effectivity of Beetroot in Increasing Pregnant Women Hemoglobin

The background is that anemia is a major problem in pregnancy women. According to Riskesdas 2019 there are 20.1 % of anemia in West Java. In Cimenyan Public Health Center area there are 37% pregnant women with anemia at 2022. The government has done efforts to reduce this condition by giving the iron tablets to pregnant women. Food supplementation that are rich of iron nutrition such as beetroot consumption can increase the hemoglobin. From the prelimary studies founded that 6 from 10 pregnant women never exprerience consuming beetroot and doesnt know the benefits of consuming beetroot. The aim of the study is to know the effectivity of consuming beetroot in increasing hemoglobin of pregnant women with anemia. The methode is quasy experiment with one group pretest and post-test design, with purposive sampling technique, with 34 subjects. This research use the standard procedure of processing and consuming beetroot. Respondent’s hemoglobin are measure with hemoglobinometer before and after beetroot comsumption. The statistic use bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon test. The result is that the hemoglobin median value from 34 subjects before consuming beetroot juice is 9.75 gr/dl, and after consuming beetroot juice is 10.7 gr/dl. From the statistic test is Sig value (0,000) that means the beetroot juice consumption effectivity increases hemoglobin level in pregnant women with anemia. The conclusion is that the consuming beetroot is effective in increasing pregnant women hemoglobin with anemia.

Archetype analysis and the PHATE algorithm as methods to describe and visualize pregnant women's levels of physical activity knowledge.

The knowledge of physical activity (PA) recommended for pregnant women and practical application of it has positive impact on the outcome. Nevertheless, it is estimated that in high-income countries over 40% of pregnant women are insufficiently physically active. One of the reasons is insufficient knowledge pregnant women have about allowed effort during pregnancy and both recommended and not recommended physical activities. Description of knowledge about physical activity the women have and distinguishing patterns of their knowledge is becoming an increasingly important issue. A common approach to handle survey data that reflect knowledge involves clustering methods or Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Nevertheless, new procedures of data analysis are still being sought. Using survey data collected by the Institute of Mother and Child Archetypal analysis has been applied to detect levels of knowledge reflected by answers given in a questionnaire and to derive patterns of knowledge contained in the data. Next, PHATE (Potential of Heat-diffusion for Affinity-based Trajectory Embedding) algorithm has been used to visualize the results and to get a deeper insight into the data structure. The results were compared with picture derived from PCA. Three archetypes representing three patterns of knowledge have been distinguished and described. The presentation of complex data in a low dimension was obtained with help of PHATE. The formations revealed by PHATE have been successfully described in terms of knowledge levels reflected by the survey. Finally, comparison of PHATE with PCA has been shown. Archetype analysis combined with PHATE provides novel opportunities in examining nonlinear structure of survey data and allows for visualization that captures complex relations in the data. PHATE has made it possible to distinguish sets of objects that have common features but were captured neither by Archetypal analysis nor PCA. Moreover, for our data, PHATE provides an image of data structure which is more detailed than interpretation of PCA.

Associations of multiple metals exposure with immunoglobulin levels in pregnant women: Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study

Metal may affect maternal immune function, but few epidemiological studies have reported the associations between multiple-metal exposure and maternal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Based on the Hangzhou Birth Cohort Study, 1059 participants were included, and eleven metals in whole blood samples and serum IgA, IgG, IgE and IgM levels were measured. Linear regression, quantile-based g-computation (QGC), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to evaluate the associations. Compared with the first tertile of metal levels, arsenic (As) was negatively associated with IgE (β = -0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.48 to -0.02). Moreover, significant associations of manganese (Mn) with IgA, IgG and IgM were demonstrated (β = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.18; β = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.12; β = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.18, respectively). Cadmium (Cd) were associated with higher levels of IgM. QGC models showed the positive association of the metal mixtures with IgA and IgG, with Mn playing a major role. Mn and Cd had positive contributions to IgM, while As had negative contributions to IgE. In the BKMR models, the latent continuous outcomes of IgA and IgG showed a significant increase when all the metals were at their 60th percentile or above compared to those at their 50th percentile. Therefore, exposure to metals was associated with maternal Igs, and mainly showed that Mn was associated with increased levels of IgA, IgG and IgM, and As was associated with low IgE levels.

Comprehension of Calcitriol Levels in Pregnant Women With Latent Tuberculosis and Immune Function in their Newborns.

Pregnant women with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may develop active tuberculosis infection and could infect their neonates, which could impair the child's immune system due to infection-mediated immunological responses. In order to develop a preventative TB program in this study, we desired to understand the impact of calcitriol in LTBI pregnant women and immunological responses in neonates. In three hospitals in Medan, North Sumatra, we implemented a case-control design with 84 pregnant women in their third trimester and their newborns. We determined the levels of calcitriol, cathelicidin, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in women between December 2021 and July 2022. These measurements were then compared to the newborns' levels of calcitriol, cathelicidin, IFN-γ, and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2. Analyses were performed using the Chi-squared and Fisher's tests, while Spearman correlations were employed to assess for correlations. 42 pregnant women with LTBI (interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positive) and 42 pregnant women without LTBI (IGRA negative) participated in the study. The findings demonstrated that pregnant women with LTBI were at increased risk for calcitriol deficiency (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.667, p = 0.006), which had an impact on the calcitriol levels of their unborn children (p = 0.038). TLR2 levels and calcitriol levels were substantially associated with LTBI pregnant women and their healthy neonates (p = 0.048; p = 0.005). Cathelicidin levels in the newborns of non-LTBI pregnant women were influenced by their higher calcitriol levels (p = 0.043). Pregnant women with LTBI had higher levels of cathelicidin and IFN-γ than those without it (p = 0.03; p = 0.001). Pregnant LTBI women's calcitriol levels had an impact on the calcitriol levels of their newborns. Mother's immunological responses and babies' calcitriol levels affected the levels of cathelicidin, IFN-γ, and TLR2 in newborns.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GIVING BADUY HONEY ON INCREASED HEMOGLOBIN IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT UPT PUSKESMAS DTP SAKETI

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is usually caused by a lack of nutritional intake during pregnancy where the need for iron increases. One effort is to consume natural ingredients such as honey. Honey has many ingredients that are beneficial for the body, especially pregnant women, where 100 grams of honey contains 0.42 mg of fe/iron and 2 micrograms of folate, 0.5 mg of vitamin C. Research purposes: To find out the benefits of giving Baduy honey in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Research methods: This type of research is quantitative research, The research method used by the author is a quasi-experimental method (Quasi Experiment). "This research method is a way of solving a research problem that is carried out in a planned and careful manner to obtain facts and conclusions that can be understood. The research design used is a pretest-posttest with control group design to determine the effect of treatment in the intervention group by comparing it with the control group. This design uses 2 experimental groups and a control group. Research result: The results of the chi square test obtained a value of p=0.002, which means that if the α value &lt;0.05 the value has a significant influence, so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the consumption of Baduy honey on the incidence of anemia in TM III pregnant women at the Saketi Health Center. Conclusion: There is a significant influence between the consumption of Baduy honey on the incidence of anemia in TM III pregnant women at the Saketi Community Health Center.

IJCM_27A: To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh.

Background: In India, anaemia is the most widespread nutritional deficiency disorder occurring primarily due to iron deficiency. Despite implementation of the Weekly Iron &amp; Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) Programme under NRHM since 2013, the prevalence of anaemia is high among adolescents and pregnant women (PW) Objectives: To assess consumption of IFA in adolescent school going girls and pregnant women in selected health blocks of Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: It was a community-based study which was a part of project under WCD department of H.P. PW and school going adolescent girls of age 10-19 years from 9 Community development blocks were selected randomly using PPS. IFA consumption in last one year among adolescent girls and last 1 month among pregnant women was assessed by interviewing them. Results: Total participants among PW were 180 with mean age of 26.3±4.13, whereas 720 adolescents with mean age of 15.82±1.19 were enrolled in the study. Out of 180 PWs, 160(88.8%) received IFA where majority (156;97%) of them consumed IFA distributed by ASHA worker. On the other hand, majority of adolescent girls (484/720;67%) did not receive IFA, 196/236 (83%) who received IFA was distributed by ASHAs. Mean Hb level of PW was 11.7±1.47 whereas for adolescents was 12.73±4.85. Conclusion: It was observed that most of the pregnant women are utilizing government services, however the services are not being utilized by the school going adolescent girls as WIFS are not provided regularly.

The Effect of Consuming Dates on Increasing Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women

The Effect of Consuming Dates on Increasing Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women

Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors -634C/G and +936C/T Polymorphisms and Their Serum Levels in Women Suffering from Preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-related syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, affecting approximately 6-8% of pregnancies and contributing to about 40% of premature births. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the polymorphisms -634C/G and +936C/T in the VEGF gene and their association with serum VEGF levels in pregnant women with PE. Methods: In this case-control study, peripheral blood samples were collected from 135 women with PE and 135 normal pregnant women as the control group. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol-chloroform method. The VEGF gene polymorphisms were detected using the PCR-RFLP method using specific primers. Additionally, serum VEGF concentrations were measured using the ELISA method. Results: Maternal age, gestational week, maternal hemoglobin, and BMI were significantly correlated with the likelihood of developing PE, whereas the season of occurrence was not found to be a significant factor. No significant difference was observed in the -634C/G and +936C/T polymorphisms of the VEGF gene between the two groups. Moreover, serum VEGF levels in PE patients were significantly higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Although serum VEGF concentrations were significantly elevated in women with PE, the -634C/G and +936C/T polymorphisms of the VEGF gene do not appear to be associated with the onset of PE. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the risk factors of PE syndrome.

Description Of Hemoglobin Levels In Pregnant Women With Covid-19 Based On Characteristics

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. Pada tahun 2021 kasus coronavirus di Indonesia mencapai 4.251.945 jiwa. Pada periode April 2020 – Desember 2021, di RSHS terdapat 269 ibu hamil yang terinfeksi coronavirus. Ibu hamil termasuk salah satu kelompok orang yang rentan terkena virus ini. Selain rentan terkena coronavirus ibu hamil juga rentan terkena anemia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil dengan COVID-19 di RSHS Bandung periode April 2020 – Desember 2021.Metode: Metode penelititan ini adalah deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari rekam medik RSHS Bandung pada periode April 2020 - Desember 2021. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Besar sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian sebanyak 269 data ibu hamil. Analisis data menggunakan tabel distribusi frekuensi dan cross-tabulation.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa 46% ibu hamil dengan COVID-19 mengalami anemia. Ibu hamil yang mengalami anemia berdasarkan usia paling banyak &lt;20 tahun sebesar 29% dengan anemia sedang, kemudian untuk usia kehamilan terbanyak yaitu trimester I sebesar 33% dengana anemia berat, selanjutnya untuk paritas terbanyak yaitu grandemultipara sebesar 43% dengan anemia sedang.Kesimpulan: Adanya perubahan imunologis dan hematologis pada masa kehamilan, hal ini menyebabkan ibu hamil lebih berisiko terhadap terinfeksi COVID-19 dan anemia, sehingga menyebabkan ibu hamil masuk ke dalam populasi yang berisiko.Saran: Diperlukan penelitian yang lebih mendalam mengenai kadar Hb ibu hamil sebelum dan sesudah terpapar COVID-19 pada tahun yang sama di tempat yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Covid-19, Ibu hamil, Kadar Hemoglobin. ABSTRACT Background: Coronavirus is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In 2021 coronavirus cases in Indonesia reached 4,251,945 people. In the period April 2020 - December 2021, at RSHS there were 269 pregnant women who were infected with the coronavirus. Pregnant women are one of the groups of people who are vulnerable to this virus. Apart from being susceptible to coronavirus, pregnant women are also susceptible to anemia.Purpose: This study aims to see an overview of hemoglobin levels in pregnant women with COVID-19 at the Bandung Hospital for the period April 2020 – December 2021.Method: This research method is descriptive with a cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach using secondary data taken from the medical records of RSHS Bandung in the period April 2020 - December 2021. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The sample size taken in this study was 269 data from pregnant women. Data analysis used frequency distribution tables and cross-tabulations.Results: The results of this study found that 46% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced anemia. Pregnant women who experienced anemia based on age &lt;20 years at most were 29% with moderate anemia, then for the most gestational age, namely the first trimester, 33% with severe anemia, then for the most parity, namely grandemultipara, 43% with moderate anemia.Conclusion: There are immunological and haematological changes during pregnancy, this causes pregnant women to be more at risk of being infected with COVID-19 and anemia, thus causing pregnant women to enter the at-risk population.Suggestions: For future researchers, more in-depth research is needed regarding the Hb levels of pregnant women before and after being exposed to COVID-19 in the same year in different places. Keywords: COVID-19, Pregnant women, Hemoglobin Levels

Level Of Pregnant Women's Knowledge And Behavior On Breast Self-Examination (Sadari) And Its Relationship With Early Detection Of Breast Cancer

Latar Belakang : Data menurut WHO dari tahun 2019 sebanyak 58,256 kasus atau 16,7% dari total 348.809 dan di tahun 2020 sebanyak 396.914 kasus kanker, adanya peningkatan data kanker payudara di Indonesia dari tahun 2018 sebanyak 1,79 per 1.000 penduduk dan di tahun 2019 sebanyak 42,1 per 100.000 penduduk dan di tahun 2020 sebanyak 65.858 kasus kanker atau 30,8 per 10.000 penduduk yang terkena kanker payudara. adanya permasalahan mengenai ibu belum menyadari pentingnya melakukan SADARI karena kurangnya infromasi mengenai SADARI, sebanyak 95% ibu hamil yang baru pertama kali mendengar tentang SADARI.Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang SADARI dengan perilaku SADARI sebagai deteksi dini kanker payudaraMetodologi : Metodologi penelitian menggunakan Observasional Analitik, sample menggunakan Total Sampling sebanyak 40 ibu hamil. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan Analisa bivariat menggunakan Uji Chi – SquareHasil Penelitian : Diketahui bahwa ibu hamil dengan kategori pengetahuan kurang baik sebanyak 21 (52,5%). ibu hamil yang memiliki perilaku kurang sebanyak 23 (57,5%), Hasil analisa bivariat menunjukan bahwa jumlah responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik dan memiliki perilaku kurang dengan jumlah sebanyak 14 orang (66,7%).Kesimpulan : Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil dengan perilaku SADARI sebagai deteksi dini kanker payudara. ditunjukan dengan uji korelasi chi square didapatkan nilai hasil Asymp sig (2 side) p-value yaitu 0,001 yang diartikan kurang dari 0,005, Ho ditolak Ha diterimaSaran : Pada ibu hamil diharapkan lebih meingkatkan lagi kepeduliannya terhadap kesehatan dan diharapkan lebih di tingkatkan lagi pengetahuan mengenai SADARI dan kanker payudara. Kata Kunci : SADARI (Pemeriksaan Payudara Sendiri), Ibu hamil, Deteksi dini ABSTRACT Background: Data according to WHO from 2019 was 58,256 cases or 16.7% of the total 348,809 and in 2020 there were 396,914 cancer cases and an increase in breast cancer data in Indonesia from 2018 there was 1.79 per 1,000 population, in 2019 there was 42.1 per 100,000 population and in 2020 there was 65,858 cases of cancer or 30.8 per 10,000 population affected by breast cancer. and there a problem about the mother that hasn’t realized the importance of doing BSE, lack information BSE,Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of pregnant women about BSE and BSE behavior as an early detection ofMethodology: The research methodology used was an Analytical Observation, the sample was total sampling of 40 pregnant women. The instrument used was questionnaire and bivariate analysis using the Chi - Square testResults: It is known that the behavior of pregnant women with poor knowledge category was 21 (52.5%). results of the bivariate analysis showed that the number of respondents who had poor knowledge and had less knowledge were 14 people (66.7%).Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge of pregnant women with BSE behavior as an early detection of breast cancer. by chi square correlation test, the result value of Asymp sig (2 sides) p-value is 0.001. Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Suggestion: Pregnant women are expected to increase their awareness of health and are expected to increase their knowledge about BSE and breast cancer. Keywords: BSE (Breast Self-Examination), Pregnant women, Early detection