Lettuce Extract Research Articles

Practical Dietary Recommendations of Persian Medicine for Pruritus: A Brief Review

This paper is a brief review of the practical dietary recommendations of Persian Medicine (PM) in the management of itching. According to our findings, PM scholars believe that the following dietary modifications help ameliorate pruritus: relative reduction of food intake, consuming tenuous foods, consumption of sweet-and-sour foods, whether natural (e.g., pomegranate juice) or man-made (e.g., oxymels), substances with astringent property, narcotics and quasi-narcotics such as a combination of dry coriander and sugar, using a group of substances called fine-humor-producing foods, laxative fruits such as tamarinds and plums, foods with sedative action including lettuce extract, watery foods containing ingredients such as barley, and increasing the share of healthy fats in the diet.

HYPNOTIC-SEDATIVE ACTIVITY TEST OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) IN MALE WHITE MICE SWISS WEBSTER STRAIN

Humans who use medicines for insomnia may experience a variety of adverse effects, including dependence. Traditional medicine frequently uses lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to treat various conditions, including sleep difficulties. Terpenoids, which are secondary metabolites found in lettuce plants, are to blame for this. This study aimed to see if an ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf had any sedative-hypnotic activity in Swiss Webster strain male white mice induced by phenobarbital at a dose of 90 mg/KgBB intraperitoneally. In this study, the post-test-only control strategy was employed. The animals were divided into six groups (n = 4): negative (aqua dest), positive (Na-CMC 0.5%), comparison (diazepam 1.3 mg/KgBB), and ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf at doses of 300 mg/KgBB, 400 mg/KgBB, and 500 mg/KgBB. The parameters observed in this study were a combination of parameters from previous studies, namely the number of falls, sleep onset, and sleep duration in mice. The data obtained were then processed statistically using the one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post-hoc test follow-up analysis with the LSD (least significant difference) test. The results showed that the ethanolic extract of lettuce leaves at 300, 400, and 500 mg/KgBB had a sedative-hypnotic effect. Doses of 300 mg/KgBB only increased sleep duration. In contrast, 400 and 500 mg/KgBB increased the number of falls, rapid sleep onset, and increased sleep duration, significantly different from positive controls (p<0.05). The effective dose of ethanolic extract of lettuce leaf as a sedative-hypnotic was 400 mg/KgBB.

Optimization and validation of multiresidual extraction methods for pharmaceuticals in Soil, Lettuce, and Earthworms

The presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in the environment poses potential risks. To comprehensively assess these risks, robust multiresidual analytical methods are essential for determining a broad spectrum of PhAC classes in various environmental compartments (soil, plants, and soil organisms). This study optimized extraction methods for analyzing over 40 PhACs from various matrices, including soil, lettuce, and earthworms. A four-step ultrasonic extraction method with varying extraction conditions and subsequent solid phase extraction was developed for soil samples. QuEChERS methods were optimized for extracting PhACs from lettuce and earthworm samples, addressing a literature gap in these less-studied matrices. The quantification of PhACs in soil, lettuce, and earthworm extracts was performed using a single LC–MS/MS method. Following thorough method validation, earthworms and lettuce were exposed to a mixture of 27 pharmaceuticals in a soil environment. The method validation results demonstrated the robustness of these methods for a broad spectrum of PhACs. Specifically, 29 out of 42 PhACs were extracted with an average efficiency > 50% and RSD < 30% from the soil; 40 out of 42 PhACs exhibited average efficiency > 50% and %RSD < 30% from the earthworms, while 39 out of 42 PhACs showed average efficiency > 50% and RSD < 30% from the lettuce. Exposure experiments confirmed the viability of these methods for quantifying a diverse range of PhACs in different environmental compartments. This study presents three thoroughly validated methods for determining more than 40 PhACs in diverse matrices, enabling a comprehensive assessment of PhAC dissemination in the environment.Graphical

Characterization of a Bioplastic Product from the Ulva reticulata (Ribbon Sea Lettuce) Extract

Humans have a strong reliance in using petroleum-based plastics which take several decades to degrade and cause a lot of environmental problems such as pollution. This study intended to develop bioplastics from Ulva reticulata (Ribbon sea lettuce) and to determine the bioplastic’s physicochemical properties. The sample was collected in Allen, Northern Samar, Philippines, water samples were also collected. After the extraction, development of bioplastic from the sample extract commenced. The developed bioplastic underwent several test to check the stability of the product – its includes physicochemical analysis, tensile strength, thickness, moisture content, and soil degradation test. The Ribbon sea lettuce bioplastic solution was slightly acidic. The seaweed bioplastic have an average thickness of 0.30mm. The Ribbon sea lettuce bioplastic sample was both insoluble in the three solvents. The sample bioplastic can handle an average load of 55.12g. An average moisture content of 51.534% have been observed in the three trial of the seaweed bioplastic sample. The seaweed bioplastic sample naturally degraded during the soil biodegradation test and have lost an average weight percentage of 82.05% after 21 days of being buried in soil. The results showed that the seaweed bioplastic has a potential as an alternative to the non-biodegradable plastic and can be used in agricultural, industrial and economic purposes.

Determination of the Optical Band gap Energy from the Extraction and Evaporation of Anthocyanin Compound Sea Lettuce (Ulva Lactuca L.) Using Tauc Plot Method

The optical energy gap of anthocyanin compounds from sea lettuce extract (Ulva lactuca L.) has been calculated using the Tauc plot method. Sea lettuce plants taken at Sanur Beach Bali. The sea lettuce was dried then mashed and extracted for 24 hours, the last being macerated through three cycles. The extraction results are then evaporated to obtain a thick extract solution. Extracted and evaporated-extraction samples were characterized by UV-Vis in the wavelength range of 200-800 nm. From the characterization results, it was found that the absorption of anthocyanin compounds for the extracted samples was at a wavelength of 268 and 412 nm. Meanwhile, for the extraction-evaporation sample, the absorption is at a wavelength of 286.5 and 408 nm. By using the Tauc plot method, the optical energy gap values ??for the extracted and extraction-evaporated samples were 2.69 and 2.54 eV, respectively. Therefore, anthocyanin compounds from both extracted and evaporation-extracted samples qualify as dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) for TiO2 semiconductors.

Increased expression of GLUT4, catalase and nitric oxide by a crystalised fraction from ethanolic extracts of oak leaf lettuce and okra seed in C2C12 cell line

The fractions obtained from low temperature-induced crystallisation of ethanolic extracts of green- and red-oak leaf and okra seed were accounted for total polyphenol content and the DPPH antioxidant activity, resulting in 5.99, 4.44, and 12.35 mg gallic acid equivalent per g sample, and 0.45, 0.35, and 0.99 mg Trolox equivalent per g sample, respectively. Insulin resistance was the result after incubating C2C12 skeletal muscle cells in high glucose DMEM for 20 h. Oxidative stress and inflammation were triggered by re-incubating these resistant cells with insulin. The expression of p-p38 MAPK and NF-B proteins and the NF-B p65 transcription factor activity were enhanced. Such inflammatory protein markers were reduced when the crystalised extracts replaced insulin. Increased catalase activity and NO production were also determined for the incubations using the crystalised extracts. It was suitable to include these vegetables in the daily diets of prediabetic individuals for better management of the patient’s health status by increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing inflammation.

Dispersive Solid-phase Microextraction of Lead in Waters and Edible Lettuce and Dill Extracts in the Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) Saliva Solution.

A new thiosemicarbazide-modified, sulfonamide-based poly (styrene) adsorbent (T-CSPS) was prepared starting from the reaction of chlorosulfonated polystyrene and thiosemicarbazide. It was characterized by SEM-EDX, FT-IR, and zeta potential. The T-CSPS was used as an adsorbent for the first time for the dispersive solid-phase microextraction (d-SPµE) and preconcentration of Pb(II) ions from waters and dill and lettuce extracts in the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) saliva. Lead was then determined using the FAAS. In the first step of optimization, the solution pH was changed from 2 to 8, and pH 4 with a recovery value of 103% ± 5 was selected. Two milliliters of 2mol L-1 HCl was chosen as eluent. Contact times were found to be only 2min. Effects of coexisting ions and sample volume were tested. Under optimal conditions, the preconcentration factor (PF) and the adsorption capacity were 15and 40mgg-1. The RSD% was 2.2% and 3.1% for intra-day and inter-day precision, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 5.1µg L-1 and 16.9µg L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the d-SPµE was checked by TMDA-70.2 Lake water and BCR-482 Lichen-certified reference materials and also applying d-SPµE to spiked waters and lettuce and dill extracts in UBM saliva.

Phytochemical contents and diuretic activity of ethanolic extract of the red leaf lettuce (Lactuca Sativa l.)

This study was conducted to evaluated of phytochemical content and diuretic activity of the red leaf lettuce. Red leaf lettuce were extracted by cold maceration method using 70% ethanol for the 3 days and remaceration for 1 days. The phytocemical content in ethanolic extract were evaluated by qualitatif method. A total of 25 male rats were divided into 5 groups with CMC Na, a standard drug (furosemide 10 mg/kg), and three different doses (200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) of ethanol extract. Parameters used to determine diuresis activity include first urine latency, urine pH and cumulative urine volume. The ethanolic extract induced diuresis in a dose dependent manner as compared to the negative control. Extracts at doses of 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg produced significant diuresis effects (p&lt;0.05) compared to negative controls with values of diuretic action 1.35; 1.43; and 1.53, respectively. In addition, there was a slightly change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with the negative control. Phytochemicals analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins.

Automated micro-solid-phase extraction clean-up and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticides in foods extracted with ethyl acetate

Generic extraction methods for the multi-compound pesticide analysis of food have found their solid place in laboratories. Ethyl acetate and acetonitrile extraction methods have been developed as fast and easy to handle standard multi-compound methods, both feature benefits and limitations. The direct injection to gas chromatography can be impaired by a high burden of coextracted matrix, resulting in deterioration of the chromatographic system and matrix effects, requiring frequent maintenance. Therefore, common clean-up methods, such as dispersive solid-phase extraction, freeze-out of fats, or gel permeation chromatography, have been applied in clean-up. Automated clean-up using micro-solid-phase extraction (µSPE) is a recent development with several demonstrated advantages when employed in the analysis of pesticides and other contaminants in foods extracted with acetonitrile, but it has not yet been evaluated in this application using ethyl acetate for extraction. In this study, an automated procedure using µSPE cartridges was developed and established on an x,y,z robotic sampler for the raw extract clean-up and preparation of diluted samples for injection on a GC-MS/MS system. Validation experiments for 212 pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lettuce, avocado, raspberry, paprika, egg, and liver extracts were performed using µSPE with MgSO4, PSA, C18, and CarbonX. The performance in routine operation is briefly discussed.Graphical abstract

The effect of orally consumed Lactuca sativa syrup on human milk volume and weight gain in the preterm infant: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Human milk feeding can support premature infants to thrive. Yet those with premature infants can be challenged in human milk production. Considering this, and the use of potentially harmful human milk enhancers, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of orally consumed Lactuca sativa (L. sativa) syrup (lettuce extract) on human milk volume and subsequent weight gain in the preterm infant. Extracts from lettuce and other plants such as silymarin are already evidenced to be safe for use during lactation and have other therapeutic effects in humans. Yet this is the first study of its kind. This parallel randomized clinical trial included lactating participants with their preterm infants who were born at < 32 weeks' gestation and admitted to an intensive care unit. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. Eligible participants were allocated to groups randomly: intervention (n = 47), placebo (n = 46), and control (n = 47). The intervention group received one tablespoon of Lactuca sativa (L. sativa) syrup, and the placebo group received one tablespoon of placebo syrup 3 times a day for 1 week. Those in the control group did not receive any herbal or chemical milk-enhancing compounds. Routine care was provided to all three groups. Participants recorded their milk volume for 7 days in a daily information recorder form. Infant weight was measured prior to the intervention, and on the third, fifth and seventh days of the intervention period. There was a statistically significant difference observed in the adjusted mean volume of milk on the fourth and fifth days between the intervention, placebo, and control groups (P < 0.05). The adjusted mean milk volume of those in the intervention group on the first day was significantly higher than those in the control group and those in the placebo group. On the second day, the adjusted mean milk volume of those in the intervention group was higher than in those from the control group; and on the fourth day it was higher than in those from both the control and placebo groups; on the fifth day it was higher than in those in the placebo group; on the sixth day it was higher than in those in the control group and on the seventh day it was higher than in those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the mean changes (with or without adjustment) in the weight of preterm infants between any of the groups. Lactuca sativa (L. sativa) syrup increases the volume of human milk production and no specific side effects have been reported in its use. Therefore, Lactuca sativa syrup can be recommended for use as one of the compounds that increase human milk volume.

Fermented Lettuce Extract Induces Immune Responses through Polarization of Macrophages into the Pro-Inflammatory M1-Subtype.

It has been reported that lettuce and its bioactive compounds enhance the host immune system by acting as immune modulators. This study aimed to identify the immunological effect of fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on macrophages. To evaluate the efficacy of FLE in enhancing macrophage function, we measured and compared the levels of macrophage activation-related markers in FLE- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with FLE activated RAW 264.7 macrophages, increased their phagocytic ability, and increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels-similar to LPS. The effects of FLE on M1/M2 macrophage polarization were investigated by determining M1 and M2 macrophage transcript markers in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The FLE-related treatment of peritoneal macrophages enhanced the expression of M1 markers but reduced IL-4 treatment-induced M2 markers. After the generation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), alterations in the levels of M1 and M2 macrophage markers were measured after treatment with FLE. The FLE-related treatment of TAMs increased the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and also led to the enhanced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggest that FLE may be useful for macrophage-targeted cancer therapy because of its ability to regulate the activation and polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.

Iodine-Biofortified Lettuce Can Promote Mitochondrial Dependent Pathway of Apoptosis in Human Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells.

Previously, our research provided evidence that exposure of gastric and colon cancer cells to extracts from iodine-biofortified lettuce leads to a reduction of cell viability and proliferation through cell cycle arrest and upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential cellular mechanisms of induction of cell death in human gastrointestinal cancer cell lines after treatment with iodine-biofortified lettuce. We demonstrated that extracts from lettuce enriched with iodine induce apoptosis in gastric AGS and colon HT-29 cancer cells and the mechanism of programmed cell death may be triggered and executed through different signaling pathways, depending on the type of cells. Western blot analysis revealed that iodine-fortified lettuce leads to cell death through the release of cytochrome c to the cytosolic fraction and activation of the primary drivers of apoptosis: caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9. Furthermore, we have reported that apoptotic effects of lettuce extracts may be mediated by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bad, Bax, and BID. We also observed mitochondrial dysfunction with the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential in cells exposed to lettuce extracts. Taken together, these results indicate that the organic form of iodine such as 5-ISA and 3,5-diISA is an important factor in the activation of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in AGS and HT-29 cancer cells in a p53-independent manner.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF RED LEAF LETTUCE AND GREEN LEAF LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA L.)

This study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical compounds, the profile of infrared spectrophotometric, total phenolic contents (TPC) and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of red leaf lettuce (RL) and green leaf lettuce (GL). RL and GL were extracted with 70 % ethanol using the maceration method for 3 days and re-maceration for 1 day. The secondary metabolites in ethanol extracts were evaluated by phytochemical analysis and profile spectra infrared. Estimation of TPC was conducted by the FolinCiocalteu methods. The antioxidant activity assay was conducted by ABTS and DPPH methods. The determination of TPC showed that the ethanol extract of RL was higher than the ethanol extract of GL. RL has stronger antioxidant activity than GL. The presence of hydroxyl group in the phenolics directly correlates with the antioxidant activity, so consumers could use them as natural antioxidants or to functionalize foods. This understanding is important for improving the safety and quality of leaf lettuce.

Speciation of chromium in water samples and lettuce extracts in the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) saliva solution by vortex assisted-dispersive solid phase microextraction

In this study, a new sulfonamide based polymeric adsorbent (5ATT-CSPS) was prepared with reaction between 5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol and chlorosulfonated polystyrene resin and characterized by FT-IR, FESEM-EDX, zeta potential. It was used for the first time as an adsorbent for speciation of chromium in various water samples and lettuce extracts in UBM saliva by dispersive solid phase micro extraction (d-SPµE). The total chromium concentration was determined by F AAS. The parameters affecting the recovery of Cr(III) such as pH, contact times, elution conditions, sample volume, co-existing ions and adsorption capacity were optimized. The adsorbent demonstrated a good performance for adsorption of Cr(III) (R%≥95). It was quantitatively adsorbed in the range of pH 2.0–4.0 whereas Cr(VI) was not adsorbed in the pH range of 2.0-8.0. Therefore Cr(VI) concentration was calculated indirectly. The elution was achieved by 5 mL of 2 mol L-1 HNO3. Adsorption and elution contact times of the adsorbent were 3 min and 2 min, respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was found to be 8. Considering optimal conditions, limit of detection was found to be 2.9 µg L-1, and precision of the method (as RSD%) was found to be ≤4.3%. The adsorption capacity of the 5ATT-CSPS for Cr(III) was 25 mg g−1.The accuracy of this method was verified by analyzing TMDA-70 certified reference material and by recovery studies in spiked water samples and lettuce extracts in the unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) saliva.

Automated Visual Identification of Foliage Chlorosis in Lettuce Grown in Aquaponic Systems

Chlorosis, or leaf yellowing, in crops is one of the quality issues that primarily occurs due to interference in the production of chlorophyll contents. The primary contributors to inadequate chlorophyll levels are abiotic stresses, such as inadequate environmental conditions (temperature, illumination, humidity, etc.), improper nutrient supply, and poor water quality. Various techniques have been developed over the years to identify leaf chlorosis and assess the quality of crops, including visual inspection, chemical analyses, and hyperspectral imaging. However, these techniques are expensive, time-consuming, or require special skills and precise equipment. Recently, computer vision techniques have been implemented in the agriculture field to determine the quality of crops. Computer vision models are accurate, fast, and non-destructive, but they require a lot of data to achieve high performance. In this study, an image processing-based solution is proposed to solve these problems and provide an easier, cheaper, and faster approach for identifying the chlorosis in lettuce crops grown in an aquaponics facility based on their sensory property, foliage color. The ‘HSV space segmentation’ technique is used to segment the lettuce crop images and extract red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channel values. The mean values of the RGB channels are computed, and a color distance model is used to determine the distance between the computed values and threshold values. A binary indicator is defined, which serves as the crop quality indicator associated with foliage color. The model’s performance is evaluated, achieving an accuracy of 95%. The final model is integrated with the ontology model through a cloud-based application that contains knowledge related to abiotic stresses and causes responsible for lettuce foliage chlorosis. This knowledge can be automatically extracted and used to take precautionary measures in a timely manner. The proposed application finds its significance as a decision support system that can automate crop quality monitoring in an aquaponics farm and assist agricultural practitioners in decision-making processes regarding crop stress management.

Fermented Lettuce Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites Attenuates Inflammatory Parameters in Model Mice and in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) contains various bioactive compounds that can reduce the severity of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of fermented lettuce extract (FLE) containing stable nitric oxide (NO) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A line) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally administered FLE for 14 days. On day 36, mouse sera and ankle joints were collected for serological and histological analysis, respectively. Consuming FLE inhibited RA development, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine productions, synovial inflammation, and cartilage degradation. The therapeutic effects of FLE in CIA mice were similar to those of methotrexate (MTX), which is typically used to treat RA. In vitro, FLE suppressed the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in MH7A cells. We also demonstrated that FLE inhibited TGF-β-induced cell migration, suppressed MMP-2/9 expression, inhibited MH7A cell proliferation, and increased the expression of autophagy markers LC3B and p62 in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest that FLE could induce autophagosome formations in the early of stages of autophagy while inhibiting their degradation in the later stages. In conclusion, FLE is a potential therapeutic agent for RA.

Modulatory effect of wild lettuce and African eggplant leaf extract on key enzymatic activity linked to hypertension in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats

Modulatory effect of wild lettuce and African eggplant leaf extract on key enzymatic activity linked to hypertension in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats

Assessment of a topical cream containing cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) extracts for the treatment of acne vulgaris

Assessment of a topical cream containing cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) extracts for the treatment of acne vulgaris

Effectiveness of Water Extract of Sea Lettuce (Ulva Lactuca) from Aceh to Reduce Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by damage to the pancreas, which cannot produce insulin. Antidiabetic drugs and insulin injections in the long term have specific side effects, so herbal medicine is considered safer to use. Sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) is one of the herbal medicines that have the potential as an antidiabetic. Methods: Experimental using a completely randomized design. Rats were divided into five groups with three replicates, namely: Kn = normal control, Ka = STZ control, P1 = DM rats + 200 mg/KgBB extract dose, P2 = DM rats + 300 mg/KgBB extract dose, and P3 = DM rats + 400 mg/KgBB extract dose. The stages of this study began with the preparation of tools and materials, phytochemical tests, the preparation of test animals and testing extracts on test animals, and the measurement of blood glucose levels in rats before and after they were given extracts. Blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer. Data analysis was performed statistically (ANOVA). The results of the phytochemical tests detected were steroids, saponins, and phenols/tannins, while alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids were not. The most effective blood glucose level measurement result is at a dose of 400 mg/KgBB.

Secondary Metabolite Profile and Pharmacological Opportunities of Lettuce Plants following Selenium and Sulfur Enhancement.

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace nutrient for humans and animals owing to its role in redox regulation, thyroid hormone control factors, immunity, inflammatory reactions, brain activities, and carbohydrate regulation. It is also important to support muscle development, as well as for reproductive and cardiovascular well-being. Furthermore, sulfur is known to be a healing element, due to the remarkable function of specialized and secondary S-containing compounds. The scope of the current study was to determine the impact of Se and S enrichment on the secondary metabolite accumulation and antibacterial and NO inhibition activities in green and red leaf lettuce (V1 and V2, respectively). The plants were grown in a hydroponic system supplied with different S concentrations (S0: 0, S1: 1 mM and S2: 1.5 mM K2SO4) via the nutrient solution and foliar-applied varying levels of Se (0, 0.2 and 2.6 µM). Electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF/MS) combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was used to identify the secondary metabolites in green and red lettuce. The results indicated that extracts of the biofortified lettuce were not cytotoxic to Vero kidney cells at the highest concentration tested of 1 mg/mL. The ESI/MS of the tentatively identified metabolites showed that the response values of 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin 3-O-(6''-acetyl-glucoside) and quercetin 3-O-malonylglucoside were induced synergistically under higher Se and S levels in red lettuce plants. The acetone extract of red lettuce had antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.156 and 0.625 μg/mL under S2/Se1 and S2/Se2 treatments, respectively. As with antibacterial activity, the acetone extract of green (V1) lettuce treated with adequate (S1) and higher S (S2) under Se-limiting conditions showed the ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) release from macrophages. NO production by macrophages was inhibited by 50% at respective concentrations of 106.1 ± 2.4 and 101.0 ± 0.6 μg/mL with no toxic effect on the cells, in response to S1 and S2, respectively, under Se-deficient conditions (Se0). Furthermore, the red cultivar (V2) exhibited the same effect as the green cultivar (V1) regarding NO inhibition, with IC50 = 113.0 ± 4.2 μg/mL, in response to S1/Se2 treatments. Collectively, the promising NO inhibitory effect and antibacterial activity of red lettuce under the above-mentioned conditions might be attributed to the production of flavonoid glycosides and phenylpropanoic acid esters under the same condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to show the novel approach of the NO inhibitory effect of Se and S enrichment in food crops, as an indicator for the potential of Se and S as natural anti-inflammatory agents.