Letters Of Request Research Articles

Using Commercial Letters in Handayani Mart Sekaran in the Disruption Era

The purpose of this study is (1) to find out the commercial letters used in Handayani Mart to find out which commercial letters are not used in Handayani Mart. In this study is using descriptive qualitative approach. Commercial letters used by Handayani Mart are sales-purchase agreement letters and employment contract agreement For other types of commercial letters such as letters of request for offers, offers, orders, announcements, and certificates made by digital/electronic means. Suggestion in this study are for managers of Handayani Mart should make a central or centralized letter application so that the letter are same in their management, both letters for internal and external requirements.
 Keywords: District Era, Commercial Letter, Handayani Mart

Textile production in the papyri: the case of private request letters

Textile production in the papyri: the case of private request letters

Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century

A special place in the sphere of feudal tenure of the Russian state in the 17th century belonged to the Tsar’s domain — the tsarist household, consisting of estates in various counties. These estates were called palace estates and were in charge of court ministries. Among them, the most important were the Great Palace, as well as the “Bread” Ministry (Prikaz) and the Ministry of Secret Affairs. The activity of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century was studied to a lesser extent. This article determines the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of Russian central authorities in the 17th century. The historiographic basis of this article includes the works of the well-known Russian pre-revolutionary historians S. Veselovsky and A. Gnevushev, as well as the researchers of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods D. Liseytsev, N. Rogozhin, Y. Eskin, and N. Demidova. Gnevushev first raised the question of the functioning of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the early 20th century. In 1911, he published documents on the history of the ministry, accompanied by a brief essay. A significant contribution to the study of the Novgorod Palace Ministry belongs to the contemporary researcher — D. V. Liseytsev, who studied its activities in the era of Troubles. In this article, the author analyzes the Novgorod Palace Ministry as the major component of the Russian power institution from the moment of its foundation until the late 17th century. The source base includes both published and unpublished records of management documentation of the Novgorod Palace Ministry of the 17th century. The documents were preserved in the private collection of the historian of literature, ethnographer, collector and researcher of Old Russian writing, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, E. Barsov (fund 450) in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum (Moscow), as well as in the fund № 396 of the Armory Chamber of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow). All these documents represent a unique collection of original notebooks and expendable books on the issue of salaries for service, aimed “for the Tsar’s use”, as well as scripts and description books of palace towns and municipalities, peasants’ request letters for different years of the 17th century. Especially important sources include the ministry documentation published in the book “The Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century” by A. Gnevushev, as well as the acts published in the “Russian Historical Library” and “Addenda to the Acts of History” in the late 19th century. The author has studied the main functions of the Novgorod Palace and defined the structure of this ministry. He has revealed the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of the Russian power system in the 17th century. The Novgorod Palace Ministry operated extensive tsarist estates in the Veliky Novgorod District; it had economic and political independence, though it was still considered a branch of the Grand Palace Ministry.

Settlement of Land Disputes with The Title of Property Right Post Judges Decision (The Study of Land Disputes Bambu Runcing)

This study aims to analyze state land dispute resolutions that are certified after the Judge's Decision (The Study of Land Disputes Bambu Runcing), Execution Process Implementation completion of post-Decision eta settlement: Submitting application for the execution of number: R/22/IX/2014/Bidkum on 23 sept 2014; Letter of request for rescheduling Execution No. R/30/XI/2014/Bidkum dated 27 November 2014; Minutes of Execution of Mataram District Court No:31/Pdt.G/2011/PN.MTR on Dec. 18. 2014; Calling to the dormitory dwellers in dispute to discuss the land emptying that has permanent legal force in the building of Sasanan Dharma Regional Police of NTB; Conducted the NTB Regional Police Chief Meeting with Members of the Indonesian National Police and Civil Servants who occupied the Bamboo Runcing Dormitory, 25 November 2014 attended by key officials, police chiefs, Mataram District court clerks, Mataram officials, Telkom Mataram officials, who were located Rupat Ops NTB Regional Police Chief; Giving compassion (to residents of full-fledged Indonesian police dormitories in disputes about “sharp bamboo land”; held by the Regional Police of West Nusa Tenggara: No. 3329 K/PDT/2012; No. 31/PDT.G/2011/PN.MTR; No. 48/PDT/2012/PT.MTR.

KESALAHAN EJAAN DALAM SURAT PERMINTAAN KETERANGAN AHLI BAHASA DARI POLDA MALUKU UTARA

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesalahan ejaan apa saja yang terdapat dalam Surat Permintaan Keterangan Ahli Bahasa dari Polda Maluku Utara dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan sebagai tambahan informasi bagi penulisan surat berikutnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu penyediaan data, analisis data, dan penyajian hasil analisis data. Sesuai hasil penelitian ditemukan empat jenis kesalahan ejaan, yaitu kesalahan penggunaan huruf, kesalahan penulisan kata, kesalahan pemakaian tanda baca, dan kesalahan penulisan unsur serapan.

Effectiveness of Settlement of Bad Credit Through Memo Decision on Credit Settlement and Auction at PT Bank BTPN Tbk, Cakranegara Branch

This study aims to determine the criteria of bad credit that can be submitted to the settlement through the Credit Settlement Decision Memorandum (MKPK), and Auction at PT. Bank BTPN Tbk, Cakranegara Branch, as well as procedures and obstacles, along with their implementation in the field. This research uses 2 (two) theories, namely effectiveness theory and dispute resolution theory. This research is empirical normative research. Data collection is obtained from the results of interviews, and observations. The conclusion of the results of this study are 1. Settlement of bad loans that can be done with MKPK and auctions are: a. Guaranteed secured features; b. Arrears up to> 180 days; c. Has been issued a warning letter 1-3 (SP1-SP3); d. Has been restructured. 2. The filing procedure for MKPK and auction is almost the same between the two, the difference is for MKPK the initiative to propose the arrival of the debtor, by attaching a request letter from the debtor, while the auction initiative comes from the creditor/bank. 3. Implementation of MKPK and auction at Cakranegara Branch BTPN, more dominantly conducted by auction, 61.70% auction bidding ratio of total bad loans, with the ratio successfully executed as much as 6.89%. Whereas the settlement with MKPK either with MKPK partially or with MKPK at once, submission of 38.29% with a success ratio of 66.66%.

Calling a Notary by Police Investigator Regarding the Relaas Deed Made by a Notary (Case Study at Unit I Pidum Sat Reskrim West Lombok Regional Police)

In Article 66 of Law No. 2 of 2014 in conjunction with Law No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary Position (UUJN), namely: a. If needed by law enforcers in the judicial process, namely the investigator, public prosecutor or judge can submit a request for approval in order to summon a notary. The letter was submitted to the Honorary Board of Notaries; b. Within a maximum of 30 working days from the receipt of the letter of request, the Honorary Board of Notaries must provide the answer; c. If within the period of time determined by the Honorary Board of Notaries does not provide the answer, then the notary Honorary Council's silence is deemed to have received the request for approval. So that law enforcement can make calls to the notary concerned; d. After obtaining approval from the Notary Honorary Assembly, law enforcers are authorized to: 1. Request and take a photocopy of the Minuta deed and / or letters that have been attached to the Minuta deed in the notary deposit (notary protocol); 2. Calling a notary to attend the criminal examination process relating to the notary deed or protocol that is in storage. This type of thesis is normative juridical research that is descriptive analytical, meaning that a data analysis based on general legal theory is applied to explain another set of legal materials. 
 Conclusion: 1. Investigators are authorized to examine Notaries, where Investigators are authorized to receive reports or complaints about criminal acts, seek information and evidence, order to stop suspected persons or ask and examine personal identification and conduct other actions according to law, they can also acting on the orders of investigators to make arrests, forbid leaving search sites and confiscating them. 2. The procedure of investigation is carried out on a Notary after reporting on the Deed made by a Notary, and in the report stated that the Notary has committed a Criminal Act as stipulated in Article 66 of the UUJN. However, the summons of a Notary as a witness, suspect or defendant after the investigator submits a written request to the Regional Supervisory Board and the request is sent to the Notary by making an excuse rather than calling the Notary as a witness, suspect or defendant. After the issuance of the new Notary Position Act, based on Article 66 paragraph I of Act Number 2 of 2014 concerning the current Notary Position, the summons made by the investigator is considered valid if the investigator mentions the reason for the summons clearly, and the caller is Acts that are accountable according to the law are not in conflict with the law, in line with legal obligations, reasonable, reasonable within the investigator's office, based on proper consideration and respect for human rights.

Tim Prodi Kalk PIP Semarang Membantu FGD AMY dalam Rangka Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat

Semarang Merchant Marine Polytechnic (PIP) assigned the study program of Sea Transportation and Port Management (KALK) to assist in Focus Group Discussion (FGD) at the Maritime Academy of Yogyakarta (AMY) in the framework of implementing community service. This assignment was based on a letter of request from the Director of AMY to the Director of PIP Semarang to send expert speakers from KALK to help provide the guidance and experience on the FGD of Commercial Shipping (KPN) Study Program in AMY. AMY is supposed to carry out a review and re-design of the KPN study curriculum that is owned to suit the needs of the industry or as known as “link and match”.

LOCATING DIGITAL LITERATURE IN WORLD LITERATURE: A CASE OF QUARTERLY LITERARY REVIEW SINGAPORE

Participants in an interaction risk their sense of face in every action (Goffman, 1967). Requests, by definition, are face-threatening acts (Brown and Levinson, 1978). In making a request, a speaker not only threatens the hearers negative face as he impinges on the hearers claim to freedom of action; he also threatens his positive face as he exposes himself to the possibility of being denied or rejected. In order to minimize this possibility, the speaker has to present himself in such a way that the hearer would have a positive impression of him. This paper examined letters of request written by students of a university in Metro Manila for noticeable forms of self-presentation. Following Goffmans thesis (1956) that self-presentation is a tangible component of identity, this paper analyzed lexico-syntactic patterns, and impression management strategies utilized by the writers to express their communicative intention (make a request), and construct an identity deemed necessary in attaining the hearers approval.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020103

IDENTITY AND SELF-PRESENTATION IN LETTERS OF REQUEST WRITTEN BY COLLEGE STUDENTS

Participants in an interaction risk their sense of face in every action (Goffman, 1967). Requests, by definition, are face-threatening acts (Brown and Levinson, 1978). In making a request, a speaker not only threatens the hearers negative face as he impinges on the hearers claim to freedom of action; he also threatens his positive face as he exposes himself to the possibility of being denied or rejected. In order to minimize this possibility, the speaker has to present himself in such a way that the hearer would have a positive impression of him. This paper examined letters of request written by students of a university in Metro Manila for noticeable forms of self-presentation. Following Goffmans thesis (1956) that self-presentation is a tangible component of identity, this paper analyzed lexico-syntactic patterns, and impression management strategies utilized by the writers to express their communicative intention (make a request), and construct an identity deemed necessary in attaining the hearers approval.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.2018.020102

145 PELAKSANAAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS UPAH BAGI PEKERJA MIGRAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Cases of Indonesian migrant workers who are not paid their pay or get pay that are not in accordance with the employment agreement still occur. BP3TKI Yogyakarta receives a complaint report from migrant workers who have returned to Indonesia related to unpaid wages. Therefore, a solution is needed to be able to give the right to wages for migrant workers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of legal protection for wages for Indonesian migrant workers in the Yogyakarta Special Region.The type of research used in this study is empirical juridical. The location of this research is in Yogyakarta Special Region. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews and document studies. Data analysis was carried out in a qualitative descriptive manner.The results of the study show that the fulfillment of the right to wages after migrant workers return to Indonesia has a problem in the settlement because the position of migrant workers has returned to Indonesia. Many cases occur only because Indonesian migrant workers, especially those from Yogyakarta Special Region, do not report to the BP3TKI Yogyakarta with the reason that they are reluctant to take care of and do not have confidence that their rights will be fulfilled. Cases of settlement of existing wages have been successfully resolved through mediation efforts between BP3TKI Yogyakarta and migrant workers / families of migrant workers and agents that channel migrant workers to work abroad. In addition to efforts through mediation, a method was also taken, namely with the BP3TKI Yogyakarta sending a letter of request for settlement assistance to the Indonesian Embassy. The Indonesian Embassy will mediate with the employer / company where the migrant worker works to fulfill the rights of the migrant worker who has returned to Indonesia.

Improving compliance with medical fitness to drive reviews: The role of behaviourally-optimised letters

To manage the increased crash risk posed by drivers with medical conditions and impairments, many licensing authorities ask high-risk drivers to undergo medical fitness to drive assessments. Maximising drivers’ compliance and satisfaction with these assessments is an ongoing challenge for these authorities. This study tested whether drivers’ compliance and satisfaction with a licensing authority’s request to provide a medical report could be improved by incorporating two applied behaviour change principles – simplified messaging and procedural fairness – into the authority’s request letter. Drivers undergoing medical review (N = 876) were assigned to receive either a standard request letter currently used by the authority, or a revised letter that incorporated simplified messaging and procedural fairness amendments. Drivers who received the revised letter were significantly more likely to submit a medical report by the due date. Additionally, of the drivers who submitted the report, those who received the revised letter submitted the report an average of four days faster than those who received the standard letter. These findings demonstrate that optimising letters using behavioural principles can improve compliance with licensing authorities’ requests, resulting in substantial time and cost savings for licensing authorities, possible road safety benefits, and potential reductions in the number of licences suspended for failure to provide a report.

Персональные пенсии в СССР: из истории социальной политики Советского государства

The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the problem of pension coverage of the population of the Russian Federation has not lost its topicality today. It is paid attention to the history of the emergence and development of the institute of personal pensions in the USSR. It is argued that the development of pension issues was not encouraged in the former USSR. It is emphasized that even today we are experiencing a shortage of research on pension issues, especially those based on regional materials. Archival materials in the documentary base. The author dwells on the letters of request of citizens of the Middle Urals in the commission for the appointment of personal pensions. It proves that citizens who have (as they thought) certain services “to the party and the state” demanded to be given a personal pension. It is stated that personal pensions had a rather high status, were subject to prestige and were valued for the benefits obtained with their help. It is concluded that the main owners of personal pensions were representatives of the so-called “nomenclature” - party and economic leaders of various ranks.

Variability of treatment planning of seed implantation: A Japanese multicenter simulation study

PurposeThis multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the current variability of treatment planning of seed implantation in Japanese centers and the feasibility of two virtual trials. Methods and MaterialsTwo types of contour data were sent to 12 radiation oncologists with a request letter that asked them to make treatment plans on the data in the same manner as in their own practice. Five of the 12 radiation oncologists were asked to participate in the two virtual trials in which the D90 (dose to the hottest 90% of prostate volume) was 1) required to be set at just 180 Gy and 2) increased as much as possible without violating other limitations. ResultsA relatively high dose with a small deviation was irradiated to the prostate in Japanese centers (mean D90 = 188 Gy; SD = 10 Gy). In the virtual trials, all five physicians could achieve 180 Gy for the D90 with a very small deviation, although the urethral dose showed relatively large deviations. Dose escalation without increase of urethral dose or V150 was difficult, although the rectum could be spared by most of the physicians. ConclusionOur study showed a relatively high dose with a small deviation was prescribed to the prostate in Japanese centers. Consolidated protocols such as D90 = 180 Gy could be available for future trials. Meanwhile, our study suggested that some cautions might be needed for urethral dose and the V150, even when a relatively low D90 was requested.

Differences of medical evidence overview of sexual violence between girl and adult women examined at sanglah central public hospital

Background: There are differences of genital structure between girls and adult women in terms of anatomy and histology which it may affect medical evidence which is obtained during the verification.  Objective: This study aimed at determining the differences of medical evidence of sexual violence that includes promiscuity signs and violence signs among victims of sexual violence who were examined at Sanglah Central Public Hospital. Methods: Cross sectional studies were conducted of 56 girls (<18 years) and 56 adult women (> 18 years) to collect data from visum et repertum (VER) 2011-2015 by consecutive sampling. Sexual violence cases were taken in this studies based on the request letters of VER from police investigators. Medical evidence variables in this study consisted of promiscuity sign (divided into genital wounds findings and positive sperm findings) and violence signs. Results: The finding of this study indicated that promiscuity sign in the form of genital wounds in girls were lower than adult women (44.6% vs 85.7%; P <0.05). Conversely, there was no significant difference of the finding associated with sperm positive findings among girls and women (7.1% vs 17.9%; P> 0.05). Violence signs in women were more than girls (39.3% vs 17.9%; P <0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded, from 2 types of medical evidences of sexual violence found significant differences associated with promiscuity sign in the form genital wounds and violence signs among girls and adult women.

Referral letters to the psychiatrist in Nigeria: is communication adequate?

Over half of patients with psychiatric disorders are first seen by primary care physicians before referral to the psychiatrist. An efficient referral system is, therefore, important to offering quality care to such patients. Communication between physicians is often sub-optimal and referral letters to specialists sometimes provide inadequate information. The current study's aim was to observe the prevalence of deficiencies in the referral letters to a department of psychiatry in a Nigerian teaching hospital. All referral letters to the Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria over a three- year period from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2012, were retrieved and assessed for quality using the Consultation and Referral Request Letter Assessment Tool. A majority (>80%) of the referral letters had no information on the current medication list, relevant psychosocial history, outline of management to date, results of investigations to date, and known allergies. Deficits in communication or information transfer through referral letters to the psychiatrist are common. Interventions such as the use of standardized formats for such letters may facilitate more efficient communication.

Cause of death interrelation in homicide and persecution criminal act with dead victims which autopsied in forensics installation sanglah central hospital in 2010-2015

Background: Legal case, determining cause of death is a requirement either to prove the victim death by natural cause or unnatural cause. In determining the cause of death is usually started by seeking information about the scene, the state of the corpse when it was found, information from witnesses, and other information. Recognizing the risk factors characteristic of cases of death due to criminal acts can assist stakeholders in making decisions and policies associated with crime. Objective: This study aimed to examine Cause of death interrelation in homicide and persecution criminal act with dead victims. Methods: The research was conducted with a descriptive cross-sectional design using data based on letter of request by police and visum et repertum archive in Forensic Installation Sanglah Central Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Results: Among 70 samples obtained there are 49 male cases (70%) and 21 female cases (30%) with the largest age group is early adulthood as many as 23 cases (32.9%). Injury patterns obtained 33 cases (47.1%) sharp violent death, 33 cases (47.1%) blunt violence, violent firearms 2 cases (2.9%), 1 burns case (1.4%) and 1 case of other cause (1.4%). The most injured region that caused death is head region with 28 cases (40%) and the leading mechanism of death according to the autopsy report is bleeding by 55 cases (78.6%). Other death by cardiovascular system is by 31 cases (44,3%), then death by blunt force by 23 cases (32,9%), death by gunfire is 1 case (1,4%) and by stroke is 1 case (1,4%). Cause of death because of respiratory system failure and because of central nervous system failure respectively by 7 cases (10%). Conclusion: The most frequent demographic characteristic of murder and persecution cases that autopsied in Sanglah Central Hospital in 2010-2015 are male and age characteristic of adult (17-25 years). Whereas the most frequent type of violence is blunt violence. As for the most frequent mechanism of death is cardiovascular failure.

The Complain and Request Letter between 1945 and 1949

Cette étude explore le genre de la lettre semi-administrative, rédigée par des particuliers à des administrations. Adressées à un représentant de l’état, ces lettres se situent à l’interface entre le privé et le public, dans un creuset riche d’informations. Les vingt‑deux lettres sélectionnées ont été rédigées par seize épistoliers entre 1945 et 1949 dans la zone française d’occupation en Allemagne et abordent le sujet de la pénurie alimentaire. Elles témoignent du repositionnement politique des citoyens allemands après la dictature nazie, qui critiquent le fonctionnement des administrations, en même temps que de ses limites. L’ouverture vers l’intime est également spécifique. Si la description des conditions de vie intéressera l’historien du quotidien, il ne faut pas oublier que la présence en demi‑teinte d’un destinataire prestigieux de la lettre influe sur l’autoportrait de l’épistolier. Ce dernier n’aborde que les aspects de sa vie qui aident à convaincre et à lui conférer une identité respectable selon les critères sociétaux.

Exploring Cross-cultural Pragmatic Judgment of Two Groups of EFL Teachers on Formal Written Requests

This study examines the pragmatic judgments made on formal request letters written by adult L2 learners of English by two groups of EFL teachers at a university in Hong Kong. A pragmatic Judgment Questionnaire was completed by each of the sixteen teachers, comprising eight native Cantonese speakers (CSTs) and eight native English speakers (ESTs). Pragmatic judgment was examined by investigating four pragmatic variables -- i.e., politeness, directness, formality and amount of information. Main research findings suggest that there were no significant differences between the two groups of teachers in their pragmatic judgments except for their views on: a) what constituted “unnaturally polite” expressions, b) whether negative words would help achieve the purpose of a message, c) what supporting moves should be avoided, and d) what writing plans they preferred. Qualitative analysis revealed examples of "unnaturally polite" expressions (e.g., “forgive”) and supportive moves (e.g. compensating class teachers) considered appropriate by CSTs only.

Fatale spelfouten?

Abstract Fatal spelling errors? An experimental study into the way in which spelling errors in job application letters and sponsorship requests affect decision making In this article we study how professionals value spelling errors in job applications and sponsor letters and how these judgements affect their decisions to hire a candidate or donate money. In a 2x2x2 experiment 398 participants read an application letter or a sponsorship request letter with or without spelling errors and evaluated several aspects of the letter, the author and the chance of a successful outcome of the procedure. When we compare the direct effects of spelling errors on several aspects of evaluation we find no important differences between the two genres in the way spelling errors affect judgements. When we analyze the relations between the evaluation aspects with the help of mediation analysis, we find that the path from spelling error to attributed success of the application is mediated by the evaluation of the writer while the attributed success of the sponsor letter is mediated by the evaluation of the text quality. The results are discussed in view of the opinion chic that spelling errors are fatal in job applications.