Lesions In Infants Research Articles

Etiology and prevention of coronary obstructive lesions in infancy and childhood.

It is now well established that coronary atherosclerosis should be considered as a problem from infancy or even from embryonal life. Its development, although genetically determined to some extent, is influenced by many factors, some of which may be beneficially modified. Such primary prevention should start in early childhood, and in some aspects, even during pregnancy. Nonatherosclerotic coronary obstruction may also be present in infancy and childhood, usually with severe consequences.

Neonatal frontal lesions in the rat: Sparing of learned but not species-typical behavior in the presence of reduced brain weight and cortical thickness.

Rats with complete removal of the cortex anterior to bregma in adulthood (frontal cortex) were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically with rats with similar removals at 7 or 25 days of age. Excision of the frontal cortex in adult rats produced transient aphagia, chronic motor abnormalities in feeding, a chronic drop in body weight, increased activity in running wheels, impaired performance at a spatial reversal learning task, and chronic abnormalities in a variety of species-typical behaviors, including swimming, food hoarding, and defensive burying. In contrast, similar lesions in infant rats failed to produce aphagia, a chronic drop in body weight, increased activity, or impaired learning of a spatial reversal task. Infant lesions did not allow sparing of complex species-typical behaviors, however, such as those involved in feeding, swimming, hoarding, or defensive burying. Furthermore, when the brains of neonatally operated rats were compared with those of control rats or rats operated on in adulthood, there were striking differences. The cerebral hemispheres of the neonatal operates were smaller both in surface dimensions and weight, the thalamus was smaller, and the cerebral cortex was thinner. These data imply that there may be substantially less sparing of function following frontal cortex lesions in infancy than previously believed and that neonatal frontal lesions in rats have significant effects on brain development in regions far removed from the actual site of surgical excision.

Endogenous Candida Endophthalmitis in Infants

Two infants recovered from endogenous Candida endophthalmitis. Case 1, to the best of my knowledge, is the first reported full term neonate with this entity. Free-floating vitreous opacitis ("ballon vitréen") were found in one infant and the second infant's lesions resolved in a more conventional manner.

31 Primary Orbital Mass Lesions in Infancy and Childhood

A series of 31 primary orbital mass lesions in patients up to 15 years of age is presented (malignancies: 5 sarcomas, 1 retinoblastoma; benign lesions: 7 optic nerve gliomas, 4 pseudotumors, 4 angiomas, 3 fibrous dysplasias, 2 dermoids, 1 hemiangioblastoma, 1 osteoma, 1 neurofibroma, 1 eosinophilic granuloma, 1 echinococcus). All the patients were operated upon using the subfrontal-extradural approach. The pathological and roentgenological features, and the long-term follow-up are analyzed. In the author's experience, computerized tomography scan (CT scan) is useful in planning the surgical approach more than in the pathological differential diagnosis. In orbital pseudotumors, without visual function impairment, CT scan is also useful in checking the results of conservative steroid therapy. The author's stress the importance of performing radical surgery, either along with (in benign lesions, including optic nerve gliomas) or followed by radiotherapy (in malignancies).

Can liver lesions in infancy be induced by excessive alcohol intake during pregnancy?

Can liver lesions in infancy be induced by excessive alcohol intake during pregnancy?

Tuberous sclerosis presenting as a mass lesion in infancy

Tuberous sclerosis presenting as a mass lesion in infancy

Development of paw preference in rats following unilateral cortical ablations in infancy.

Rats which received unilateral anterior cortical lesions in infancy manifested a preference for the paw contralateral to the intact hemisphere when tested at 5 wk. and at 10 wk. of age. That this effect was locus specific and was not due to a change in the over-all balance of activity between the hemispheres was indicated by the fact that similar lesions made in the posterior cortex did not influence which paw the animals subsequently preferred. The posterior lesions, however, may have lowered the frequency of ambidexterity, a finding interpreted in terms of theoretical arguments concerning bilateral symmetry and the discrimination and memory of left and right.

Glomus tympanicum tumor in infancy.

Glomus tympanicum tumor occurred in a 22-month-old infant. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of this lesion in infancy.

Development of open-field activity in the rat following caudate lesions in infancy

Lesions at the head of the caudate nucleus resulted in increased levels of activity in the open field. Hyperactivity was similar regardless of the animals’ age at the time the lesion was produced (7 or 77 days of age). Unilateral lesions resulted in higher levels of activity than did bilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus.

Radiological aspects of benign renal mass lesions in infancy and early childhood.

An account is given of the findings obtained at urography in benign expanding lesions of the kidney encountered in infancy and early childhood. Special emphasis is laid on the observation of any abnormality revealed in the nephrographic phase of excretion of the contrast medium, and on the appearance of the ureter and the bladder during early urography. In addition, the benefit drawn from prolongation of the urographic procedure in pertinent conditions is pointed out. Differential diagnostic aspects and technique are also considered.

Ventricular septal defect: Clinical and hemodynamic changes in the first five years of life

Two hundred consecutive infants with isolated ventricular septal defects were assessed clinically and hemodynamically and then followed throughout the first 5 years of life. Those infants who had flow ratios less than 2 to 1 generally became asymptomatic because of diminution in size of the defect. Complete closure occurred spontaneously in 20 per cent. The majority of infants had flow ratios greater than 2:1 and in these the natural evolution varied. At least 15 per cent of these infants may die from their cardiac lesion in infancy. However, approximately 40 per cent of those who survive will have closed defects, and 20 per cent of those who show this reduction in size will have spontaneously closed defects by 5 years of age. Those children in whom the large defect persists remain symptomatic and fail to thrive. There is little or no change in clinical, radiologic, or electrocardiographic findings up to the time of surgery, but hemodynamic reassessment indicates that at least 20 per cent of such children may develop progressive pulmonary arteriolar disease and that such changes, when they are going to occur, will be evident hemodynamically in the second year of life. When all the children with flow ratios greater than 2 to 1 are considered, the mortality rate was 7 per cent; 9 per cent required palliative surgery in infancy; 6 per cent underwent spontaneous closure; and 10 per cent developed the Eisenmenger reaction.

Recovery of function on a two-way conditioned avoidance task following septal lesions in infancy: effects of early handling

Recovery of function on a two-way conditioned avoidance task following septal lesions in infancy: effects of early handling

The effects of selective caudate lesions in infant and juvenile rhesus monkeys

Summary Monkeys given selective caudate lesions in infancy were compared with monkeys given comparable lesions as juveniles on a variety of behavioral tests beginning 10 months after surgery. The monkeys operated upon in infancy were impaired on all of the tests on which the monkeys operated upon as juveniles were impaired, and to no less degree. The results underscore the importance of the site of injury in determining future recovery from brain damage, however early in life that damage occurs. The present results obtained in monkeys with caudate lesions were also compared with previous results on the effects of prefrontal cortical injury in infancy. The finding that the early caudate lesions impair exactly those functions that the early prefrontal lesions spare, led to the conclusion that the caudate nucleus becomes functional earlier in ontogeny than the cortex and can mediate the functions that the cortex will ultimately assume.

Functional development of the prefrontal cortex in early life and the problem of neuronal plasticity

Monkeys given selective orbital or dorsolateral prefrontal lesions in infancy were compared with those given identical lesions later in life on a battery of tests known to be sensitive to prefrontal disorders. The monkeys were initially tested when they were 12–18 months of age and were later reassessed on one of the prefrontal measures at 24 months of age. At the earlier testing ages, the monkeys given orbital lesions in infancy were as impaired as monkeys given identical lesions as juveniles, while the monkeys given dorsolateral resections as infants exhibited sparing of function in comparison with those operated upon in the juvenile period. At the later testing age, however, the two groups of monkeys that were operated upon in infancy reversed their standing: the group with orbital lesions now gave evidence of virtually complete recovery whereas the extent of recovery after the dorsolateral lesions was less impressive. These findings suggest two types of functional sparing after early brain damage: one, exemplified in the case of early dorsolateral lesions, in which the sparing becomes increasingly less impressive as the cortical area in question attains functional maturity; and the other, revealed in the monkeys with the early orbital ablations, in which a residual area may come to subsume the functions of the damaged cortex. This latter reparative process, it is proposed, is likely to occur when certain essential conditions are met: there is a region remaining intact after surgery which is functionally related to the damaged cortex; and, this region is relatively “uncommitted” to its own functional development at the time of brain injury.

ReviewUrethral Lesions in Infancy and Childhood studied by Micturition Cysto-Urethrography. By BurrowsEdmund H., pp.xi + 112 (34 illus.), 1965 (Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas), $5.75.

In this monograph the reader will find Dr. Burrows' comparative analysis of 496 patients studied by micturition cysto-urethrography, intravenous pyelography and endoscopy. Although infancy is included in the title less than 10 per cent of the patients were under two years and only 6 per cent were under one year. As a consequence Dr. Burrows has relied heavily on the writings of others (particularly the work of D. I. Williams) when discussing urethral lesions in infancy. There is but scanty discussion of investigation and its hazards during the neo-natal period. Conditions not mentioned in this monograph include urethral duplication and vesico-ureteric reflux in Caffey's disease.

Urethral Lesions in Infancy and Childhood

Convincing arguments for the usefulness of micturition cysto-urethrography in the study of childhood urinary tract disorders are presented in this excellent monograph. Considerable effort and thought have obviously been given to analysis of data which have been derived from the examination of a large group of children. The bibliography is extensive and current. Some aspects of the technique of performing micturition cysto-urethrography might be questioned. For example, it is possible and useful to do a residual urine determination prior to cystography, with a co-operative child, and this should be attempted routinely.

URETHRAL LESIONS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD STUDIED BY MICTURITION CYSTO-URETHROGRAPHY.

1. The radiological pattern of urethral lesions in childhood is described, following analysis of the findings in 496 infants and children, all of whom were submitted to micturition cysto-urethrography, intravenous pyelography and endoscopy at about the same time. In 52 of these patients follow-up micturition cysto-urethrograms were performed. 2. The vital importance of taking serial films of the urethra during micturition is emphasised, and a simple method for doing so is described. 3. The merits of micturition cysto-urethrography in investigating the commoner urinary tract disorders of childhood are outlined, and comparisons drawn between the value of this examination and both intravenous pyelography and endoscopy.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL CARDIAC LESIONS IN INFANTS YOUNGER THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL CARDIAC LESIONS IN INFANTS YOUNGER THAN 2 YEARS OF AGE.

Pneumoencephalography in Atrophic Brain Lesions in Infancy and Childhood

Pneumoencephalography in Atrophic Brain Lesions in Infancy and Childhood

UNEXPLAINED DEATH IN A PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH

Clinical Pathological Conference1 December 1960UNEXPLAINED DEATH IN A PATIENT WITH LEUKEMIA: CLINICAL PATHOLOGICAL CONFERENCE AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTHCHARLES G. ZUBROD, M.D., LEON ROSENBERG, M.D., N. RAPHAEL SHULMAN, M.D., VERNON KNIGHT, M.D., WALLACE P. ROWE, M.D., JOHN EDGCOMB, M.D., T. F. HILBISH, M.D.CHARLES G. ZUBROD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LEON ROSENBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, N. RAPHAEL SHULMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, VERNON KNIGHT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WALLACE P. ROWE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN EDGCOMB, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, T. F. HILBISH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-53-6-1211 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDr. Charles G. Zubrod: Dr. Leon Rosenberg, of the Metabolism Service, National Cancer Institute, will present the clinical findings, and we have asked two clinicians from other Institutes to discuss the problem. Then Dr. John Edgcomb, Pathologic Anatomy Branch, National Cancer Institute, will present the autopsy findings. In addition, we have an invited speaker, as yet unnamed, who does know the diagnosis, and who will tell us more about some of the specific findings from the research viewpoint.DR. LEONROSENBERG: This 37 year old white male State Department Foreign Service officer noted the onset of weakness, easy fatigability, headaches,...Bibliography1. AllenBarkerHines EVNWEA, and associates at the Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation: Peripheral vascular disease, 2nd ed., 1955, W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia. Google Scholar2. MayfieldCondie GRF: Paradoxical mucorthrombosis in thrombocytopenic purpura, Arch. Path. 63: 260, 1957. Google Scholar3. StefaniniAllegra MS: Pulmonary mucormycosis in acute histiocytic leukemia, New England J. Med. 256: 1026, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. JesionekKiolemenoglou : Ueber einen Befund von protozoenartigen Gebilden in den Organen eines hereditar-luetischen Foetus, München. Med. Wchnschr. 51: 1905-1907, 1904. Google Scholar5. von GlahnPappenheimer WCAM: Intranuclear inclusions in visceral disease, Am. J. Path. 1: 445, 1925. MedlineGoogle Scholar6. GoodpastureTalbot EWFB: Concerning the nature of "protozoan-like" cells in certain lesions of infancy, Am. J. Dis. Child. 21: 415, 1921. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Maryland*Received for publication September 16, 1960.This is an edited transcription of a clinical pathological conference at the Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, by the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Charles G. Zubrod, M.D., National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 14, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND THEIR RELATION TO MALE INFERTILITYCYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCYRecovery of Cytomegalovirus from Adults with Neoplastic DiseaseCHARLES P. DUVALL, M.D., ALBERT R. CASAZZA, M.D., PHILIP M. GRIMLEY, M.D., PAUL P. CARBONE, M.D., WALLACE P. ROWE, M.D.Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease in Patients with Acute LeukemiaGERALD P. BODEY, M.D., PAUL T. WERTLAKE, M.D., GEORGE DOUGLAS, M.D., ROBERT H. LEVIN, M.D. 1 December 1960Volume 53, Issue 6Page: 1211-1227KeywordsAutopsyEpidemiologyInfantsMedical servicesPancreasPrevention, policy, and public healthSaliva ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...