Nowadays, athletes and physical exercise´s practitioners have been using anabolic androgenic steroids in order to improve performance or esthetic. However, the chronic supraphysiological use of these substances is associated with higher collateral effects and metabolism alterations. PURPOSE: To evaluate the expression of central neuropeptides related to energy balance in rats submitted to resistance exercise training and exposed to supraphysiological doses of nandrolone decanoate (DECA). METHODS: A total of 40 Wistar rats (10-week-old) were distributed into four groups: Group (CT): exposed to vehicle (subcutaneous adminstration 5mg/kg); Group (T): resistance exercise (8wk) and exposed to vehicle (subcutaneous adminstration 5mg/kg) three times per wk; Group (D): exposed to DECA (subcutaneous adminstration 5mg/kg) three times per wk; Group (T+D): submitted to resistance exercise (8wk) and exposed to DECA (subcutaneous adminstration 5mg/kg) three times per wk. After training and treatment, animals were euthanized, the gastrocnemius, total fat and hypothalamus was collected and mRNA expression analysed by qPCR. Prepro-orexin, NPY, POMC, ghrelin receptor, leptin receptor, AR and ER mRNA expressions in hypothalamus were analysed. One-way ANOVA and Fisher post-hoc tests were used. RESULTS: The efficiency of the training was confirmed by cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle, wich was higher in T and T + D groups compared to the CT (p=0.019; p=0.044) and D group (p=0.001; p=0.001), respectively. There was a reduction of body mass in T+D compared to CT group (p=0.042) and a reduction of total fat of T+D (p=0.008) and D (p=0.011) groups compared to CT group. We found an increase in prepro-orexin and NPY mRNA expressions in T (p=0,005; p=0,004) and T+D (p=0,014; p=0,038) groups compared to CT group. There were no changes in POMC, ghrelin receptor, leptin receptor, AR and ER mRNA expressions in hypothalamus. All expressions were corrected by the beta actin and GAPDH housekeeping genes. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that resistance training and resistence training associated to a supraphysiological DECA administration were able to alter mRNA expression of orexigenic neuropeptides including NPY and prepro-orexin. Supported by: FAPESP (Fundação de à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) and AFIP (Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa).