Lepidium Sativum Seeds Research Articles

Preliminary insights about the treatment of contaminated marine sediments by means of bioslurry reactor: Process evaluation and microbiological characterization

Contaminated marine sediments represent a critical threat towards human health and ecosystems, since they constitute a potential reservoir of toxic compounds release. In the present study, a bioslurry reactor was studied for the treatment of real marine sediments contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. The experimental campaign was divided in two periods: in the first period, microcosm trials were carried out to achieve useful indicators for biological hydrocarbon removal from sediments. The microcosm trials highlighted that the inoculum of halotolerant allochthonous bacteria provided the highest performance followed by autochthonous biomass. Based on the achieved results, in the second experimental period a bioslurry reactor was started up, based on a semisolid stirred tank reactor (STR) operated in batch mode. The process performances have been evaluated in terms of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal, coupled with the characterization of microbial community through a Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and phytotoxicity tests through the Germination Index (GI) with Lepidium Sativum seeds. The achieved results showed good hydrocarbons removal, equal to 40%, with a maximum removal rate of 220 mgTPH kg-1 d-1, but highlighting that high contaminant concentrations might affect negatively the overall removal performance. In general, the observed results were encouraging towards the feasibility of biological treatment of marine sediments contaminated by hydrocarbons. The microbiological analysis allowed the identification of taxa most involved in the degradation of TPH, highlighting after the treatment a shift in the microbial community from that of the raw sediment.

Development and characterization of fish gelatin-based biodegradable film enriched with Lepidium sativum extract as active packaging for cheese preservation

The physical and functional properties of gelatin-based films enriched with organic extracts from Lepidium sativum seeds were studied. Gelatin was extracted from the skin of dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and the functional gelatin-based films were used to preserve cheese during chilled storage. Ethanol extract (LSE3) and gelatin-based film enriched with LSE3 at 20 μg/mL showed high antioxidant potential using various complementary methods. No significant difference was measured in the mechanical parameters of the enriched films in terms of thickness, tensile strength and elongation at break. LSE3 incorporation at the highest level slighltly decreased the film L∗ value from 90.30 ± 0.10 to 88.10 ± 0.12, while the b∗ value increased from 0.91 ± 0.07 to 8.89 ± 0.12. Wrapping the cheese with gelatin-based film enriched with 20 μg LSE3/mL reduced the syneresis by 40% and stabilized the color, peroxidation and bacteria growth as compared to the unwrapped sample after 6 days of storage. In addition, cheese wrapped with the active gelatin-based film showed the lowest changes in texture parameters. Overall results suggest the use of the enriched gelatin film as active packaging material to preserve cheese quality.

Extraction and Evaluation of Lepidium Sativum and Flax Seeds Mucilage as a Pharmaceutical Granulation Binder

The powders are held together by a binder to form granules. Some excipients are of natural origins are currently available as an alternative over the synthetic ones in pharmaceutical formulation. The aim of this study was to isolate the mucilage from different plant seeds and compare them to evaluate the binding effects. In the present study, an effort was made to investigate the efficacy of mucilage obtained from Lepidiumsativum and flax seeds as granules excipients. The mucilage was extracted from selected seeds by the conventional method by precipitation of soaked and blended seeds in acetone. The dried mucilages were subjected to several phytochemical and physicochemical properties. Granules were formulated by wet granulation method by using extracted mucilage as a binding agent and comparisons were made against the granules prepared with standard binder as PVP. The granules are evaluated by various physical properties such as (bulk and tapped densities, Hausner’sratio, Carr’s index, angle of repose and friability). The results showed that the granules prepared from extracted mucilage as a binder had good flow and mechanical properties, all evaluated parameters were within the permissible limits. Thus, mucilage could be used as an alternative binding agent in pharmaceutical granules.

Lepidium sativum Secondary Metabolites (Essential Oils): In Vitro and In Silico Studies on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the greatest cause of cancer-related death in the world. Garden cress (Lepidium sativum) seeds have been proven to possess extraordinary antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypothermic, and analgesic properties. In this study, in vitro cytotoxic efficiency evaluation of L. sativum fractions was performed against two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HuH-7 and HEPG-2), and the expression of some apoptotic genes was explored. In addition, the chemical composition of a potent extract of L. sativum was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Then, molecular docking analysis was implemented to identify the potential targets of the L. sativum components’ most potent extract. Overall, the n-hexane extract was the most potent against the two HCC cell lines. Moreover, these cytotoxicity levels were supported by the significant downregulation of EGFR and BCL2 gene expression levels and the upregulation of SMAD3, BAX, and P53 expression levels in both HuH-7 and HEPG2 cell lines. Regarding L. sativum’s chemical composition, GC–MS analysis of the n-hexane extract led to the identification of thirty compounds, including, mainly, hydrocarbons and terpenoids, as well as other volatile compounds. Furthermore, the binding affinities and interactions of the n-hexane fraction’s major metabolites were predicted against EGFR and BCL2 molecular targets using the molecular docking technique. These findings reveal the potential use of L. Sativum in the management of HCC.

EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS CONTENT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM L. SEEDS AND LEAVES PLANTED IN SYRIA.

Most of previous research has focused on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L., whereas few ones were interested in the chemical content of its leaves. This research study determines total phenolic content, total flavonoids content in the methanolic and chloroformic extracts for the seeds and leaves of Lepidium sativum. Antioxidant activity of the previous extracts has also been evaluated by determining free radicals (DPPPH assay) scavenging activity. The results have shown that the methanolic and chloroformic extracts from seeds has phenolic content about (1043± 0.16mg GAE100g) and (306.12± 0.12mg GAE100g) respectively. Whereas, lower quantities were found in leaves (993.40± 0.16 mg GAE100g) and (85.86± 0.01mg GAE100g) for methanolic and chloroformic extracts respectively. However, the flavonoids content in leaves (153.32± 0.60 mg QE100g, 70.94± 0.71mg QE100g) was higher than in seeds (28.76 ± 0.01 mg QE1oog ,8.38± 0.12mg QE100g). Also, the free radicals scavenging was found to be (IC50=126.44±0.63µgml methanol) and (IC50=50.97±0.14µgml methanol) for leaves and seeds respectively. According to the results above, Lepidium Sativum can be considered as natural antioxidant and important nutritional supplements

Role of Lepidium sativum in Treating Diabetes and Managing Bodily Functions’ Disorders in Rats.

: Lepidium sativum seed (LS) is a plant used globally for its medicinal effect in treating diabetes. This study examined the ability of an aqueous extract of LS to treat diabetes and manage disorders of bodily functions. It used 70 male Wistar rats, each weighing between 190 g and 200 g. Diabetes was established in the rats by injecting them with Alloxan Solution at 150 mg/kg of body weight. The rats were considered diabetic if, after 24 hours, their blood glucose levels were higher than 180 mg/dl. Diabetes caused severe alterations in their blood serum glucose (376.608 mg/dl); their kidney functions (84.512 mg/dl for urea, 4.716 mg/dl for uric acid, and 0.376 mg/dl for creatinine); their liver functions (46.150 U/L for ALT, 45.654 U/L for AST, 5.431 U/L for albumin, and 7.611 U/L for globulin); and their lipid profile (79.123 mg/dl for triglycerides, 121.113 mg/dl for total cholesterol, 62.776 mg/dl for LDL, and 27.453 mg/dl for HDL). The findings suggest that it is beneficial to use LS to treat and manage disorders of bodily functions in rats.

Study of Histological Changes in the Bones of Front and Hind Limbs of White Rat Treated with Ibuprofen and Lepidium Sativum

The current study was conducted to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in the front and hind limbs of Male albino rat belonging to the strain Sprague Dawley, treated with Ibuprofen and the possible protective effects of aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum. The study was performed in the animal house of Department of Biology Collage of Education for Girls University of Kufa. The study lasted seven months from September 2020 until February 2021 by following (80) male rats and were (16-20) weeks that weighted between (200-250)g which was divided in to eight groups each group consist of ten males. The first group was the orally given the normal saline only, and it was control group. The second group was treated orally with Ibuprofen at concentration of (400) mg/kg while the third group was administered Ibuprofen at concentration (400)mg/kg+ aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration of (50) mg/kg. The fourth group was dosage Ibuprofen at (400)mg/kg+ extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (100)mg/kg orally too. The fifth group was treated with Ibuprofen at concentration (400)mg/kg +aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum at concentration (150) mg/kg orally. The sixth group was orally given the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (50)mg/kg. The seventh group was treated with the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (100)mg/kg orally. The last group was submitted to the aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds with concentration (150)mg/kg by oral all groups were conducted once day from the first day until the sacrifice which was in two stages on (30 and 45)days. The current study included the process of recording the animal weights of body before and after the completion of experiment as well as weights of bones for front and hind limbs after the end of dose period The study included the histolgical sections of the limbs bones. It was absorved through the macroscopic examination of males dosed with Ibuprofen drug at concentration (400)mg/kg lack of movement and ,anorexia and sluggishness during a period 45 days. The results of statistical analysis showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in the body weight and the weight of limbs bones and the in treatment that were treated with Ibuprofen (30) and (45) days compared with control group. The results also showed decreased significant differences in body weight and weight of limbs in the groups were treated with Ibuprofen + water extract of lepidum sativum seeds (50)mg/kg also the result showed decrease (p<0.05) in body weight in the group of Ibuprofen + water extract of lepidum sativum seeds at (100)mg/kg in, the first dose 30 days, while there was no significant in the same group for the second dose(45) days. As for the group that was dose orally the aqueous extract of Lepidium Sativum seeds (50,100,150) mg/kg and for first and second dose showed significant increase ()in wight body and bones limb but no significant in length body and length of bones. Also patholgical changes were observed in the histolgical section of bone that dosed ibuprofen such as cellular changes in osteocytes, the lacuna looked empty without osteocyt and effected of cell components and cell life. The ather histolgical change was show in the bone marrow that decrease in blood cells components with hypoplasia and replacement of heamatopia with adipose content in the marrow cavity. There was no histopatholgical changes in the groups that treated with Ibuprofen +water extract of lipdium sativum seeds (50,100,150)Mg/kg compared with control group. As well as the group that was treated with water extract of Lepidium sativum showed cellular activity. From this study, it was concluded that Ibuprofen drug has toxic effects in the osteocytes that was affected in the bone tissue and bone formation for long term while the concentration aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds has prevented the uncertain effects of drug. This stuy showed the important role of lepidum sativum as food supplements rich with vitamins and minerals on growth of bones.

Phytotoxicity of Tires Evaluated in Simulated Conditions

Illegal dumps and landfills with disposed of tires are a fact of today, which should not be neglected as they represent a great ecological burden for the environment, affect the surrounding nature and disturb the landscape. This research was focused on testing the phytotoxicity of aqueous leachates from the fractions of tires in two sets of experiments—to simulate laboratory conditions (tire leaching in distilled water) and natural conditions (tire leaching in water from a recipient) using the Phytotoxkit testing kit (kit for the establishment of inhibition/stimulation effect on the root development) and the watercress test of phytotoxicity (biological method for the assessment of leachate phytotoxicity). Plants whose seeds were selected for the test were watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) and white mustard (Sinapis alba L.). The aqueous leachate was tested for 38 weeks. During the experiment, physical and chemical parameters were measured at intervals of 14 days by the testing instrument HACH TEST KIT: electric conductivity (EC), amount of dissolved oxygen (LDO) and pH. Results of root growth inhibition (IR) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. and Sinapis alba L. exhibited values ranging from 11.73% to 47.74% in the tested samples. Results of germination index (GI) on the seeds of Lepidium sativum L. exhibited values below 66% in the tested samples, which indicated the leachate phytotoxicity. In spite of the fact that similar studies are tackling the acute toxicity of leachates from tires (particularly to algae, embryos and animals), this research brings complementary information in testing the acute phytotoxicity of tire leachates to higher plants.

Biological treatment of hazardous heavy metals by Streptomyces rochei ANH for sustainable water management in agriculture

Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals-polluted industrial effluents has been adopted as one of the most effective eco-friendly tool to cope up with the harmful effects of metals. This study was designed to investigate the biosorption potential of marine actinomycetes isolated from the Alexandrian Mediterranean Seacoast, Egypt, with their potential use in metal remediation of industrial effluents. Among the nine marine actinomycetes isolates, Streptomyces rochei ANH showed the highest versatile metal resistance capability with MIC values of 125 mg/l for Cr6+ and 60 mg/l for both Cd2+ and Pb2+. Additionally, scanning electron micrographs showed complete disintegration of Cr6+-treated biomass compared with the control ones where spores remained intact and connected in long chains. The study also aimed to improve the percentage of Cr6+ biosorption by S. rochei ANH biomass using the statistical designs of Plackett–Burman and Box-Behnken where up to 85% of Cr6+ removal was recorded under the following conditions: pH (5), incubation temperature (30 °C), contact time (3 h), agitation speed (90 rpm), initial Cr6+ concentration (50 mg/l) and living biomass concentration (10 mg/ml). The results also showed that the percentage of Cr6+ biosorption by S. rochei ANH decreased gradually beyond these values. Moreover, the results revealed that the use of the biomass of S. rochei ANH is an effective biotechnological agent for the biological treatment of heavy metal-contaminated tannery effluent where the percentages of metal removal were in the following order: Ni2+ (100%) ≥ Cu2+ ≥ Mn2+ ≥ Fe2+ > Pb2+ (95%) ≥ Cd2+ > Cr6+ (86%). Furthermore, the treated effluent exhibited a stimulating effect on the germination process of Lepidium sativum seeds. Therefore, the present study implies that S. rochei ANH can be considered a powerful candidate to mitigate hazardous heavy metals pollution from industrial effluents and improve the water quality for agricultural purposes.

Toxicological, histological and biochemical effects of Lepidium sativum seeds extract on Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae

The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. is a serious destructive pest of honeybee colonies in the beekeeping industry all over the world. The larvae feed on almost all of the honeybee products and have the ability to completely destroy the bee colony, especially the weakened ones. The toxicity and biochemical effect of garden cress, Lepidium sativum seed methanolic extract as natural product against greater wax moth was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The defatted seeds (250g) of garden cress were refluxed in 500 ml methanol, filtered and then dry in a rotary evaporator. Results revealed that the toxic effect of the garden cress extract against 5th instar larvae of G. mellonella was 1.15%, (LC50) after 24h. which induced more histopathological alterations on cuticle layers, fat bodies and muscle. Moreover, it causes highly significant inhibition in α, β esterase and phenol oxidase activities as well as possesses a significant reduction in protein content. On other hand, it causes an elevation in total lipid content and acid phosphatase activity. Also, apoptotic activity with DNA fragmentation was occurred at concentrations of 3, 2 and 1%. GC-MS analysis illustrated the toxic effect of methanol extract of L. sativum seeds related to a high ratio of phenolic, flavonoid and fatty acids constituents.

Anticancer Potential of Lepidium Sativum Seeds Aqueous Extract on the Azoxymethane/ Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colon Cancer In vivo

Background::Colon cancer is responsible for increasing the death rate worldwide. Commonly used anticancer drugs have various side effects and their clinical usage must be restricted due to their toxicity.Objective::The present research aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of Lepidium sativum L. (LS) seeds aqueous extract against azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) inducedcolon cancer in male albino mice.Methods::Low (200 mg/kg) and high (400 mg/kg) doses of LS seeds extract were used to treat induced colon cancer in different stages.Results::The present results report that LS treatment for mice with colon cancer especially in high dose, decreases colon polyps/tumor incidence and size, tissues disorder, expression of P53 and increases apoptosis in colon tissue. Moreover, LS decreases micronucleus induction in polychromatic (PCE), increases PCE/normochromatic erythrocytes ratio and decreases the percentage of sperm abnormalities.Conclusion::The present study reports anticancer potential of LS for induced colorectal cancer mice by ameliorating the inflammatory steps of colon.

In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Lepidium sativum (L.) seeds

Lepidium sativum seeds have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of liver dysfunction, jaundice, gastrointestinal disorders and spleen diseases. Furthermore, it was reported that these seeds have also an antioxidant, diuretic, antihypertensive, and anti-asthmatic activities. The present study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic ex-tract of L. sativum Linn. seeds (EELS) in vivo. The anti-inflammatory activity of EELS was tested in mice weighting (25±5) g. Either PBS vehicle (control group), ethanolic extract (50mg/kg) or diclofenac (50 mg/kg), were administered (p.o) for 60 min before an oedema was induced in the mice paw by subcutaneous injection of carrageenan. The mouse-paw volume was meas-ured from 1 h to 6 h after carrageenan injection. Plasma fibrinogen, serum albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined for each group. The EELS and the standard (diclofenac) reduced significantly (p < 0.05) paw oedema by 40.44 ± 16.36 % and 9.39 ± 1.99%, respectively compared to the control after the sixth hour after injection of carrageenan. Biomarkers of inflammation (serum albumin, CRP and plasma fibrinogen) levels were significantly (p <0.05) optimized in EELS group (assay) compared to the control. The obtained results revealed that the ethanolic extract of L. sativum Linn. seeds has a significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

The investigation of the efficacy ratio of cress seeds supplementation to moderate hyperglycemia and hepatotoxicity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Oxidative stress resulting from chronic hyperglycemia induced many complications in diabetes and led to disorders and dysfunctions in different organs. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective rate of cress seeds (CS) or Lepidium sativum seeds in the diet on lowering hyperglycemia and oxidative stress damaging. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Forty-eight male rats were randomly divided into six groups : (D-0) and (ND-0) diabetic, and non-diabetic groups were fed with a normal diet, (ND-CS2) and (ND-CS5) non-diabetic groups were fed with diet containing 2 % and 5 % of cress seeds respectively, (D-CS2) and (D-CS5) diabetic groups were fed with diet containing 2 % and 5 % of cress seeds respectively. After 28 days of treatment, biochemical, histological, and oxidative parameters were determined. Hepatic and pancreatic histological sections were developed. STZ-injection caused hyperglycemia accompanied by a disturbance in biochemical parameters and intensified oxidative stress status compared to the (ND-0) group. Hepatic and pancreatic histological sections of diabetic rats showed a disrupted architecture. However, the cress seeds-diet revealed a significant decrease of hyperglycemia and a reduction of the intensity of oxidative stress induced by diabetes compared to the (D-0) group, remarked by a decreased level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and high levels of glutathione (GSH) and the antioxidant enzymes, led to the decrease of the majority of parameters principally hepatic and lipid profile with histological regeneration. Cress seeds supplementation confirmed their potential anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities with higher efficacy of 5 % dose than the lower dose of 2 %. Therefore, 5 % of cress seeds administration seems to be the excellent rate recommended in controlling diabetes and its complications.

Essential Oil Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Lepidium sativum Seed

Lepidium sativum plants are available abundantly in all part of Ethiopia and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. The work done on essential oil chemical characterization and biological activity of this plant are still insufficient reports in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of the present study was to carry out essential oil chemical characterization and antibacterial activities of the seeds extracts and oils of L. sativum obtained from the local area Kersu Kebele, Goma Wereda, Jimma zone. The study was conducted by extraction of the seeds with organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The study performed on extraction of essential oil of the seed through hydrodistillation and investigation of phytochemical constituents of each solvent extract. The n-hexane extract (oil) and the essential oil of the seed extract were analyzed with GC-MS and 11 components were obtained from each types of oil. 7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienoic acid (64.42%) and Indol (63.78%) were the major components of n-hexane extracted and essential oil of the seeds respectively. Moreover both oils were held unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and aromatic derivative compounds. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraqunnes, and tannins. Antibacterial activities of the essential oil were implemented by disc diffusion method against one Gram positive bacterium Stphylococus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria: E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klibsiella pneumoniae. The inhibition zones of the samples were compared with standard drug ceftriaxone. The essential oil showed antibacterial activities on all the tested bacteria.

Effect of Lepidium sativum seeds on Serum and Urine Calcium in Male Albino Rats

Background: The normal relation between serum and urine calcium can be determined by calcium excretion at different serum-calcium levels after oral and intravenous administration of calcium. Lepidium sativum seeds contain high amount of calcium.
 Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Lepidium sativum seeds on serum and urine calcium in male Albino rats.
 Method: 15 Rats randomly divided into three groups, control group without treatment of Lepidium sativum seeds powder, high dose group treated daily by (5g/ kg) of Lepidium sativum seeds powder, low dose group treated daily by (1g/ kg) of Lepidium sativum seeds powder. Lepidium sativum seeds powder was mixed with the dally diet. Serum and urine calcium were analysed by spectrophotometer.
 Results: Serum calcium analysis took place after treatment by Lepidium sativum seeds for six weeks. Results showed that, a Lepidium sativum seeds has elevated the serum calcium level. The rat group which was treated with high dose of Lepidium sativum seeds showed elevation in serum calcium (9.76±0.58) and in the group which was treated with low dose of Lepidium sativum seeds (9.42 ±0.35) compared to the control group (8.66±0.58). Urine calcium analysis after treatment for six weeks by Lepidium sativum seeds showed that, Lepidium sativum seeds have increased the Urine calcium level in high dose group (15.56±2.29) and in low dose group (9.42±0.35) compared to the control group (10.44±1.4).
 Conclusion: Lepidium sativum seeds may have an enhanced role in bone fracture healing and we recommend conducting a study in this aspect.
 
 
 
 ملخص
 هدفت هذه الدراسة الى معرفة مدى تأثير بذور حب الرشاد على الكالسيوم في البول ومصل الدم لدى ذكور الجرذان البيضاء.
 طريقة العمل. تم استخدام 15 من ذكور الجرذان البيضاء. قسمت ذكور الجرذان الى ثلاث مجموعات 5 جرذان لكل مجموعة. مجموعة ضابطة، مجموعة تم معالجتها بتركيز عال من بذور الرشاد 5 جرام لكل كيلوجرام من وزن الجرذان، ومجموعة معالجة بتركيز منخفض من بذور حب الرشاد 1 جرام لكل كيلوجرام من وزن الجرذان. تم طحن بذور الرشاد وتحويلها الى بودرة وخلطها مع الوجبة الاعتيادية للجرذان.
 نتائج الدراسة فحوصات الكالسيوم تمت بعد ستة اسابيع من المعالجة. فأظهرت النتائج ان بذور الرشاد زادت من مستوى الكالسيوم في مصل الدم. حيث ان المجموعة التي تم معالجتها بتركيز عال من بذور الرشاد رفعت مستوى الكالسيوم بمتوسط وانحراف معياري(9.76±0.58) بينما المجموعة التي تم معالجتها بتركيز منخفض كانت (9.42 ±0.35) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (8.66±0.58) تحاليل الكالسيوم في البول بعد ستة اسابيع وضحت ارتفاع في مستوى الكالسيوم في البول في المجموعات المعالجة ببذور الرشاد حيث كانت المجموعة المعالجة بتركيز عال (15.56±2.29) والمجموعة المعالجة بتركيز منخفض (15.56±2.29) مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطة (10.44±1.4).
 الكلمات المفتاحية بذور الرشاد، كالسيوم البول، كالسيوم مصل الدم

Isolation and Characterization of Chemical Constituents from the Crude mExtracts of Crossopteryx Febrifuga (Afzel ex g. don) benth (Rubiaceae) and Evaluation of Their Phytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity

The aim of this work is to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity as well as the phytotoxicity of crude extracts and compounds obtained from C. febrifuga. Nine compounds were isolated from leaves, stem bark and roots (methylene chloride/methanol:1/1) crude extracts after repeated silica gel column chromatography corresponding to shanzhiside methyl ester (1), D-mannitol (2), a mixture of two isomeric pentacyclic triterpenes: oleanolic acid (3a) and ursolic acid (3b), 11-methylixoside (4), 3β-urs-12, 20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (5), quinovin glycoside C (6), 3-O-β-D-3-oxo-glucopyranosyl-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (7) and 3β-(-α-Lrhamnopyranosyloxy)-ursa-12,20(30)-diene-27,28-dioic acid (8). The compound chemical structures were established by studying their 1H and 13C NMR (1D and 2D) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) spectra. The antioxidant capacity of extracts were evaluated using a recently developed electrochemical method consisting in interacting with the superoxide anion radical (O2.-) generated in situ by reduction of air molecular oxygen (O2) in aprotic medium (anhydrous DMF). The antioxidant index is expressed as the amount of extract needed to consume 30% (AI30) of electrogenerated O2.-. The lower is the antioxidant index, the more active the substrate is against O2.-. The stem bark crude extract is the most active with an AI30 of 79.50mg/L while the leaves and root crude extracts showed a moderate activity against O2.- with AI30 of 303.70mg/L and 450.00mg/L respectively. The phytotoxicity study were carried out using a germination test on Lepidium sativum seeds in absence (0mg/L) and in presence of increasing concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000mg/L) of crude extracts and the isolated compound (1). The following physiological parameters of the seedlings were evaluated 72 hours after the experimentation: germination percentage (G %), germination index (GI), vigor index (VI), relative root growth (RRG %). Root extracts are the most phytotoxic on seed germination with G% ranging from 66.66 to 100% and RRG% from 8.20 to 88.45% while the isolated compound (1) stimulated growth between 10-500mg/L but showed a moderate phytotoxic effect on seedlings above 500mg/L.

Application of Lepidium sativum Seed Mucilage as a Disintegrant in Pharmaceuticals Formulations: Exploring the Myth vs. the Reality

Introduction: The uses of Lepidium sativum seed mucilage (LSSM) as a disintegrant in various pharmaceutical formulations were already discussed. Researchers claimed that the different functional properties of the seed mucilage of Lepidium sativum enable it to use as a natural disintegrant. Furthermore, scientific research on the disintegrant activity of the LSSM has revealed that it could be effectively used as an alternative to synthetic disintegrant. However, certain factors restrict its use as a disintegrant on the large scale. Aim: In the current scientific discussion, we technically analyzed the prospective obstacles that limit the use of Lepidium sativum seed mucilage as a natural disintegrant in pharmaceuticals. Discussion: In the present discussion, the real case scenario of the functional use of LSSM as a disintegrant on the large scale in different pharmaceutical formulations was summarized. Diligence effort was given to evaluate the different factors associated with the isolation process as well as the intrinsic functional properties that restrict its use as a disintegrant. Conclusion: In conclusion, we opined that Lepidium sativum seed mucilage (LSSM) can be used as a disintegrant. However, before its use in the pharmaceutical industry on a commercial scale, a lot of research and development must be done.

Synthesis and Characterization of some Novel 2-(4-(1-substitutedbenzimidazole-2-yl) thiazole-2-ylamino)-4-Arylthiazole Derivatives and Investigation of their Herbicidal Effects on the Seeds of Lepidium sativum L.

Tarımsal alanlarda sorunlara yol açan allelopatik bitkilerle mücadele için kullanılan herbisitler iyi tarım ürünleri elde edebilmesi için oldukça önemlidir. Herbisit etki yorumu yapılabilmesi için, fitotoksik etkileri incelenmek üzere bir dizi özgün bileşik sentezlenmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle 2-asetilbenzimidazol pek çok basamakta elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında ikinci konumundan bir 2-aminotiyazol halkası kapatılmıştır. Bu bileşiğin amino grubu tiyoüreye çevrilmiştir. Tüm bu adımlardan sonra hedeflenen bileşiklere ulaşmak için gerekli başlangıç maddeleri elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında hazırlanan arilasetil bromür bileşikleri yardımıyla yeni bir tiyazol halkası oluşturularak hedeflenen bileşikler sentezlenmiştir. Hedef bileşikler olan 2-(4-(1-Sübstitüebenzimidazol-2-il)tiyazol-2-ilamino)-4-ariltiyazol türevleri tamamen özgün olup, yapıları, elementel analiz, IR, NMR ve MS spektral verileri yardımıyla aydınlatılmıştır. Sentezlenen bileşiklerin, biyolojik aktiviteleri Lepidium sativum L. (tere) tohumları ile test edilmiştir. Bu biyolojik aktiviteler sonucunda bileşiklerin fitotoksik etkileri bulunmuştur.

Evaluation of The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Lepidium Sativum Seed on The Adverse Effects of Rat Liver Injury Induced by Sodium Nitrite

Evaluation of The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Lepidium Sativum Seed on The Adverse Effects of Rat Liver Injury Induced by Sodium Nitrite

Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Bimetallic Ag/Au Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Geum urbanum L.

The growing production and wider application of metal nanoparticles gives rise to many concerns about their release to natural ecosystems. It is very important to be aware of the harmful impact of nanoparticles on living organisms, including plants. Therefore, it is of vital significance to explore the impact of metal nanoparticles on plants. This work assessed the phytotoxicity of bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles and Geum urbanum L. extract. The obtained bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis spectrophotometry (UV–vis), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The microscopic studies enabled the determination of the size of the obtained nanoparticles, which was 50 nm. The wide range of concentrations evaluated in the course of the study made it possible to observe changes in selected plants (seeds of Lepidium sativum, Linum flavum, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum var. Cerasiforme and Salvia hispanica-Chia) caused by a stress factor. The studies showed that the solution of Ag/Au nanoparticles was most toxic to flax (IC50 = 9.83 × 10–6/9.25 × 10–6 mg/ml), and least toxic to lupine (IC50 = 1.23 × 10–3/1.16 × 10–3 mg/ml). Moreover, we studied the toxicity of Geum urbanum extract. The extracts diluted to 0.00875 mg/ml stimulated the growth of lupine, flax and garden cress; extracts diluted to 0.175 mg/ml stimulated the growth of Chia and tomatoes; and extracts diluted to 0.00875 mg/ml stimulated the growth of corn. G. urbanum extract was most toxic to lupine (IC50 = 0.374 mg/ml), and least toxic to corn (IC50 = 4.635 mg/ml).