Length Of Maintenance Research Articles

Growth of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Infested with Extracts of Ectoparasites Chlorella vulgaris as an Immunostimulant

Abstract Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a high market demand, encouraging production to minimize stress, water quality degradation and disease attack. Ectoparasite attacks come from the genera Epistylis, Zoothamnium, and Vorticella. Body defense through immunostimulants from Chlorella vulgaris extract which has bioactive compounds, vitamins and proteins. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of giving Chlorella vulgaris extract with different doses and length of maintenance, as well as the interaction of Chlorella vulgaris as an immunostimulant on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites. The research method used a complete randomized experimental design with a factorial pattern consisting of factor A, the dose of Chlorella vulgaris extract, namely without giving Chlorella vulgaris extract (A0), 400 mg/kg (A1), 800 mg/kg (A2), 1200 mg/kg (A3) and factor B, the length of shrimp rearing, namely 0 days (B1), 7 days (B2), 14 days (B3), 21 days (B4), 28 days (B5). This study uses three variables, namely independent variables administration of Chlorella vulgaris Extract and length of maintenance, bound variables Survival (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Absolute Growth (GR) and Absolute Growth (GR), and control variables water quality (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia). The results of the study at dose A2 with length of rearing B5 gave a real effect (p<0.05) on the growth of vaname shrimp infested with ectoparasites, namely survival (50%), specific growth rate (4,17%), and absolute growth (weight (1,39 grams), length (1,10 cm)).

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CATTLE BARN BIOSECURITY RELATED TO PREVENTION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN GIANYAR BALI

Foot and mouth disease is a disease that attacks cloven-hoofed animals, one example of which is cattle. Foot and mouth disease makes many farmers lose money so vaccination is carried out to prevent it. However, this alone is not enough, to prevent this, the Ministry of Agriculture advises farmers to tighten biosecurity. The aim of this research was to determine the level of knowledge of livestock breeders and cowshed biosecurity regarding the prevention of foot and mouth disease in Gianyar Regency, Bali. The data collection technique was carried out by random purposive sampling in each group. Each group represents two people from each simantri group. Then the data was analyzed descriptively qualitatively and displayed in table form and using a 0-2 Likert scale, to find a relationship between the level of knowledge and biosecurity implementation, the data was analyzed using a correlation test. From the interview results, it was obtained that simanteri in Gianyar Regency had knowledge with a percentage of 58% or in the sufficient category. Knowledge is influenced by several factors, namely education, age and length of maintenance. In this research, the higher the education, the better the knowledge they have, but this does not apply to the level of age and length of maintenance, the longer the age or the length of maintenance does not determine whether the simantri have good knowledge. This is one of the reasons why Simanteri does not implement biosecurity properly. The implementation of biosecurity standards in Gianyar Regency, Bali is in the poor category with an average score of 11.3 or equivalent to 37.6%. There are still many people who have not implemented cage biosecurity. In the correlation test, knowledge only affects 0.601, and the rest is influenced by many factors that need to be investigated further. From the correlation test, the strength of the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of breeders is considered very weak. However, the relationship between the two variables is unidirectional, where if knowledge simultaneously increases, biosecurity implementation will also increase. Based on the research results, the author suggests carrying out additional outreach and education efforts.

Blood Glucose Level and Ectoparasit Flagellata Infestation of Goldfish (Carassius Auratus) Given by Whole Cell Suspension Lernaea with Different Dose and Maintenance Time

The high consumer interest in ornamental fish such as goldfish causes aquaculture to try to meet the highest production so that large scale aquaculture activities appear accompanied by problems due to imbalances between the host, the environment and diseases such as pathogens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Whole Cell Lernaea as an immunostimulant development material as an effort to prevent pathogen attacks in aquaculture. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern, namely factor A was different doses of Whole cell Lernaea and factor B was different length of maintenance. The results showed that the highest blood glucose levels of goldfish occurred in the 0 ppm treatment on day 0 with a range between 53.60-87.60 mg/dL and the lowest in the 5 ppm treatment on day 21 with a range between 44.20-86.60 mg/dL. Ichthyobodo spp. ectoparasite infestation. occurred on days 0 and 14 with a dose of 0 ppm which is about 2-3 ind/head different from giving a dose of 5 ppm during maintenance for 21 days there were no cases of goldfish that were attacked by ectoparasites. There was an interaction between dose and duration of maintenance on blood glucose levels of goldfish given Whole cell lernaea suspension, while there was no interaction with flagella ectoparasite infestation. The best treatment to reduce blood glucose levels to normal is the administration of Whole Cell Lernaea suspension at a dose of 5 ppm and a maintenance time of 21 days.

Growth Performance of Mahseer Fingerlings (Tor soro) Fed Potassium Diformate Added Diets

Mahseer aquaculture activities are still relatively low because they are constrained by slow growth. Potassium diformate can promote growth by improving digestion. This research aimed to determine the optimum dose of potassium diformate addition to artificial feed for the best growth rate in mahseer fingerlings. The research was conducted from July – August 2022, in hatchery of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this research was experimental, using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. The test fish used were 200 mahseer fingerlings measuring 4.5 – 5.0 cm. The treatment used was the addition of potassium formate to artificial feed at a dose of 0% (A), 0.1% (B), 0.3% (C), and 0.5% (D). The length of maintenance is 40 days, with the amount of feeding 3% of the fish's body weight. Parameters observed included specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), and water quality (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH). The research results showed that the addition of 0.3% potassium diformate gave the best results with the highest SGR value of 0.75%, FCR of 3.80, EP of 26.87%, SR of 100%. It can be concluded that the addition of potassium difomate has a good effect on the growth of mahseer fingerlings if given at optimal doses.

Growth of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed from tissue culture with different time acclimatization in Hurun Bay

Constraints on the seaweed culture in Indonesia until now still rely on seeds obtained by vegetative propagation and have poor quality, which often causes a decrease in genetic variability. Planting seaweed seedlings from tissue cultures that have been acclimatized in a greenhouse laboratory is believed to improve the quality of the seaweed seeds. This research aimed to observe the growth of tissue culture acclimatized Eucheuma cottonii seaweed seedlings to different rearing times in greenhouses applied to floating raft cages. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and three replications. Acclimatization treatment was conducted for 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. Seaweed seedlings acclimatized in the greenhouse are reared on bamboo floating rafts in the sea, with an initial weight of 5 grams each. The length of maintenance at sea is 28 days. The resulting daily growth rate in two-week acclimatization was 2.92%, the four-week treatment was 2.93%, and the six-week treatment was 2.57%. in raising seedlings at sea, the highest daily growth rate value was in the four-week treatment of 7.25%, followed by the two-week treatment of 7.11% and the six-week treatment of 6.43%.

Penggunaan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) bekicot terhadap kelayakan usaha ayam kampung super

This study aims to determine the value of Return Cost Ratio, Benefit Cost Ratio, and Break Event Point of Super Village Chicken rearing, which was substituted with MOL from Snail at several levels. The research location is at Radja Unggul Ranch which is in the Jember State Polytechnic environment. Data collection method using interviews with farmers at Radja Unggul Ranch who maintain super free-range chickens. The data taken include fixed costs, variable costs, income, and length of maintenance. Data obtained were then analyzed by R/C Ratio, B/C Ratio, and BEP. The results of the study using the MOL from Snails in the maintenance of Kampung Super chickens showed that the R/C value > 1, the B/C value > 0, while the lowest BEP value in the feed treatment was Treatment 3 (P3) with a MOL of 15 ml/kg. The results of these calculations show that using MOL Snail substitute feed to maintain Super Kampung Chicken is profitable for farmers.

KONDISI UDANG DAN AIR PEMELIHARAAN SEBELUM MUNCUL PENYAKIT EHP DI UDANG TAMBAK TRADISIONAL

Shrimp cultivation in Indonesia is still a lot that implements the traditional shrimp farming system. Traditional shrimp ponds often experience death due to infection with various pathogens, and one of these diseases is EHP or called white peces disease (WFD) because the shrimp droppings are white and floating on the surface of the pond water. So far, shrimp diseases caused by EHP can only be anticipated with preventive measures including selection of superior seeds, increasing shrimp immunity and good aquaculture management. Therefore, it is very necessary to have a prevention effort by carrying out early warning and monitoring of the presence of the disease during the shrimp farming period. Until now, there is still lack of information regarding the description of environmental conditions and shrimp conditions before cases of EHP infection occurred in traditional pond shrimp. Presence of initial information is very important for cultivators in determining the steps to be taken so as not to experience large losses. Therefore, it is important to carry out this research or engineering activity to get a picture of the condition of shrimp and the environment of traditional ponds before EHP infection is detected. The results obtained showed that cases of EHP infection in vannamei shrimp in traditional ponds were characterized by a decrease in the uniformity of shrimp weight to only 20%. There was an increase in cases of filamentous bacterial infection by up to 50%, the temperature and pH of pond water continued to fall along with the length of maintenance

Discrete-event Simulation of Operation and Maintenance of Telecommunication Equipment Using AnyLogic-based Multi-state Models

Telecommunication equipment is a functional subsystem of railway transport which safety and efficiency are totally dependent on the reliable operation of utilized communication devices. Preventive maintenance is one of the most popular methods of ensuring the required reliability level of technological equipment on railways. The efficiency assessment of maintenance procedures implementation is done using the approved quality indicator of preventive maintenance. Whereas the availability coefficient is used for the quality estimation of the whole exploitation process. Generally, the calculation of the mentioned measures is performed on the basis of the statistical data about occurred failures. This method is characterized by significant advantages as well as obvious disadvantages in case of the lack or constrained obtaining of empirical data. Modern computer technologies allow automating and simplifying the estimation of the target quality indicators. However, it requires the development of proper mathematical support for such analysis. In the paper, we propose a simulation model of the operational process of railway telecommunication equipment with the opportunity of the estimation of the availability coefficient and the quality indicator of preventive maintenance in automated mode. The model takes into account sudden, fictitious and latent failures, the impact of spare parts availability and erroneous actions of service staff during maintenance, as well as periodicity and length of maintenance and repair for quality measures estimation. The model is built using the discrete-event approach with AnyLogic.

PERFORMAN REPRODUKSI DAN PRODUKSI TERNAK BABI PADA USAHA PETERNAKAN RAKYAT DI DUA LOKASI BERBEDA

The research was conducted in a survey of farmers on the pig farm business in the Kebek and Penginyahanvillage, Payangan-Gianyar. Purposive random sampling of 20 farmers in each location and explorative approachwas conducted to describe the production and reproduction management applied. Data were analyzed descriptivelyand to study production and reproduction management between the two sites was Two Independent Sample TTest. The results showed the average productivity of pigs in Kebek and Penginyahan that is litter size: 9,50±1,65 vs10,86±1,68 tail, annual litter size : 2,10±0,32 vs 2,29±0,49 times, weaning age: 29,00±2,11 vs 29,00±1,91 day, andthe three variables were not significantly different (P>0,05). The average number of piglet weaned in Kebek andPenginyahan was 7.90±1,45 vs 9,43±1,99 head, weaning weight of piglet 7,20±1,69 vs 5,29±0.57 kg (P <0.05). Thedry period and the age of culled of sow in Kebek is significantly higher than in Penginyahan (P<0.05). Whereas infattening management, early age to fatten and length of maintenance is not different between the two locations(P>0,05), whereas the live and slaughtering weight in Kebek are significantly higher than those in Penginyahan thatis 14.00±1,15 vs. 12.20±1,79 kg and 126,50±11,80 vs. 114±10,84 kg (P<0,05).

Group maintenance strategy for stochastic selective maintenance

Selective maintenance is often applied to many industrial environments when the maintenance actions are performed between sequence missions. When the length of maintenance or work mission time is stochastic and there are multiple maintenance workers with different capacity, previous works to determine maintenance and mission times are unsuitable for it. Assuming that the time of work mission is random and maintenance time is determined, to maximise system reliability of next work mission, this paper proposes a stochastic model for a two-state system comprising several series-parallel components with multiple maintenance workers under the maintenance time limit. The optimal maintenance plan is obtained by hybrid intelligent optimisation algorithm. The validity and feasibility of the model are verified by the simulation.

Maintenance strategy for stochastic selective maintenance of a two-state system

Selective maintenance is often applied in many industrial environments where maintenance is performed between sequence missions. When the length of maintenance or work mission time is stochastic, previous research based on deterministic mission times is unsuitable. Assume that the time of work mission is random and maintenance time is determined in a two-state and parallel system, to maximise system reliability of next work mission in this paper a stochastic model is proposed under the maintenance time limit. The optimal maintenance plan is obtained with a hybrid intelligent optimisation algorithm. A simulation was performed to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed model.

Due-window assignment and scheduling with general position-dependent processing times involving a deteriorating and compressible maintenance activity

In this paper, we consider common due-window assignment and scheduling problems with general position-dependent processing times involving deteriorating and compressible maintenance activity on a single machine. Two models associated with maintenance activity are examined in this article, in which the maintenance length is assumed to be either time-dependent and compressible or position-dependent and compressible. The objective is to find jointly the location and size of due-window, position of maintenance as well as resource amount allocated to it, and job sequence to minimise a total cost function based on earliness, tardiness, window location, window size and resource cost. We show that the problem considered in each of the two models’ setting can be optimally solved with polynomial time algorithm by reducing to assignment problem. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the solution procedures.

Maintenance of interval time for intravenous infusion port implanted patients during off-treatment period

Objective To explore the effect of maintenance of interval time on catheter blockage and infection for intravenous infusion port patients during the off-treatment time. Methods A total of 100 patients with implanted ports, who drew blood well every time, bolus fluently and had informed consent, were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method on average. The maintenance carried once in the control group every 4 weeks, while it happened in the experimental group every 12 weeks. We compared the catheter blockage and infection between two groups. Results There had no catheter completely block, Ⅲ grade catheter block and infection in the two groups during the 72 weeks, but Ⅰand Ⅱ grade blockage happened. In the experimental group, there was 3 patients having I grade catheter block, and that of the control group was 2 with no statistically significant difference between two groups (χ2=0.211, P>0.05). In the experimental group, there was 1 patients had Ⅱ grade catheter block, and that of the control group was 2 with no statistically significant difference between two groups (χ2=0.344, P>0.05). Conclusions The intravenous infusion port patients had no correlation between the length of maintenance and blockage with infection. The maintenance carried once every 4 weeks is easily accepted for patients. Key words: Implanted intravenous infusion port; Off-treatment time; Catheter maintenance

Adverse Cytogenetics, with or without Trisomies, in Patients Undergoing High Dose Therapy for Multiple Myeloma and Impact of Post-Transplant Maintenance Therapy

BackgroundFISH abnormalities including t(14;16), t(14;20), t(4;14) and the loss of P53 remain a common mechanism for classifying patients (pts) with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) as adverse risk. In contrast, trisomies in MM are associated with superior outcomes and may ameliorate the negative prognostic significance conferred by adverse FISH abnormalities. High dose therapy (HDT) consisting of high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation with consideration of maintenance therapy is a common treatment strategy for transplant eligible MM pts. However, there is limited information regarding the impact of various cytogenetic abnormalities, alone or in combination with trisomies, in the context of HDT, and the efficacy of maintenance approaches in the novel agent era.AimTo determine the clinical significance of FISH abnormalities in MM pts undergoing HDT and subsequent consideration of maintenance therapy in recent years.MethodsWe retrospectively examined a cohort of all pts with MM who underwent first HDT at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2008 and 2012. Medical records were reviewed under IRB approval in accordance with the principals of the Helsinki declaration. FISH results were obtained from within 6 months of diagnosis (Dx), and if unavailable pts were excluded. Pts were considered for maintenance therapy following response assessment by their treating hematologist, typically around day 100 following HDT, and were categorized based on the intent of that discussion; length of maintenance and dose reductions were not evaluated. PFS and OS were calculated from date of transplant and OS was also estimated from Dx. Timing of HDT was restricted to within one year of MM Dx (early HDT).Results300 pts had available FISH and underwent early HDT. Median age at dx was 60 (23-75), and median follow up from Dx was 40 months (7.5-90) with 229 (76%) alive at time of analysis. The median time to HDT from Dx was 5.8 months (95% CI 5.4-8.0). At the time of HDT 249 pts (83%) were in a partial response or better. Overall, 73 pts (24%) had adverse risk FISH from dx as described, 154 pts (51%) had at least one trisomy, and 32 pts (10.7%) had a concomitant adverse FISH abnormality and a trisomy. Of all pts, 112 (37%) received maintenance therapy of some sort, most commonly single agent lenalidomide (n=67 pts) or bortezomib (n=36). Of the 73 pts with adverse FISH, 54 (74%) received maintenance therapy following initial HDT compared with 58 of 227 pts (26%) with non-adverse FISH.Among pts with adverse FISH, median PFS and OS was 21 months (95% CI 16-24) and 57 months (95% CI 41-NR) respectively, compared with 24 months (95% CI 21-26) and not met respectively for pts with no adverse FISH (p =0.08 and p=0.04). The OS from Dx was 63 months (95% CI 46-NR) and not met, respectively for pts with adverse FISH and no adverse FISH (p=0.04). Among adverse FISH pts, PFS following initial HDT was improved with any maintenance therapy (23 months (95% CI 18-33) versus 13 months (95% CI 6-22), p=0.0016). OS was not statistically different among pts with adverse FISH whether or not they received maintenance therapy, both from date of HDT as well as from Dx. For pts with non-adverse FISH at Dx similar findings were observed, with an increase in PFS following HDT with any maintenance therapy (30 months (95% CI 23-48) versus 22 months (18-24)), without a difference in OS. Further analysis of the group of pts with adverse FISH status revealed the PFS benefit seen with maintenance therapy was greatest for a subgroup of pts with concomitant trisomies (29 months (95%CI 18-38) versus 14 months (95%CI 8-16) p=0.0003) as compared to pts with adverse FISH without concomitant trisomies (19 months (95%CI 13-35) versus 12 months (95% CI 3-24) p=0.204) (figure 1). However, OS either from HDT or Dx did not differ for pts with adverse FISH with or without concomitant trisomies regardless of maintenance status.ConclusionsOur data support an improvement in PFS with maintenance therapy following initial HDT amongst adverse risk FISH MM pts, however no OS benefit was observed with maintenance therapy irrespective of FISH status. Among pts with adverse FISH, maintenance strategies improve PFS for pts with a concomitant trisomy. No PFS benefit was seen with maintenance therapy in pts without concomitant trisomies. Future trials of maintenance therapy post HDT should consider evaluating and reporting on the subgroup of adverse FISH pts with concomitant trisomies. [Display omitted] DisclosuresKumar:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Array BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi-Aventis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Co.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Skyline Diagnostics: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.

SY32-3 * PERSONALITY TRAITS, CRAVING AND GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS IN ALCOHOLIC IN-PATIENTS

This study explored the characteristics of in-patient alcoholics in terms of personality and negative emotions (stress, depression and anxiety), as well as the association of these characteristics with alcohol-use history, craving, hormones, and gene polymorphisms to identify factors predictive of early relapse. Alcohol-dependent subjects (n = 193; 60% male) were recruited during a 5-day in-patient detoxification. Depressive and anxiety tendencies, life stresses, alcohol craving (global and state) and personality traits were assessed. Fasting saliva and blood were taken for cortisol and plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and genotyping. Cluster analysis identified three distinct profile groups that differed significantly on alcohol consumption, craving and the maintenance of abstinence. The personality profiles of the age-of-onset groups also differed significantly. The three profiles did not differ in their stress level but were significantly different in K10 scores and length of maintenance of abstinence. There was a significant negative correlation between ghrelin and craving. In female subjects, logistic regression showed that ANNK1 Taq1A, RGS4 SNP7, and COMT rs4646316 were associated with earlier heavy-drinking onset. This study showed the variability of alcoholic patients in terms of personality, craving levels and gene profile, thus providing insights for personal treatment design that could maximize patients' acceptance and responsivity.