Length Of Main Spike Research Articles

Наследяване на стопански ценни признаци и хетерозис при хибридни комбинации зимен ечемик

The article presents the results of the analysis of the inheritance of the main economic valuable traits of barley hybrids of the first generation using indicators of the degree of phenotypic dominance and heterosis. 6 hybrid barley combinations were evaluated according to the following characteristics: plant height (cm), productive twining, length of main spike (cm), number of grains in main spike, grain weight per spike (g), grain weight per plant (g), mass of 1000 grains (g). The research was carried out at the Institute of Agriculture-Karnobat in 2022-2023. Highly productive varieties and samples of barley, Bulgarian selection and from introduction were used as parental forms. For each investigated trait, the arithmetic mean ( x ), the error of the arithmetic mean (S %), variation coefficient (VC,%), the degree of dominance (d/a), true (HP) and hypothetical (MP) heterosis were determined. Based on the variation and inheritance in the early F1 hybrid generations, conclusions were drawn regarding the value of the cultivars used and the type of inheritance of the traits analyzed.

Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em Thell] Genotypes

The current study was conducted in Rabi 2021- 2022 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur to estimate the association among yield components and their direct and indirect influence on grain yield of bread wheat. For the overall traits under investigation, significant genotypic differences were found indicating the presence of huge amount of variation among studied genotypes. At both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, there was positive and significant correlation between grain yield and days to 50% heading, plant height, length of main spike, number of spikelet’s per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and biological yield per plant. Plant height had the greatest positive direct impact on grain production per plant followed by biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike, days to maturity and 1000-grain weight. It is, therefore, feasible to increase the grain yield per plant in bread wheat by taking into account certain traits viz., plant height, biological yield per plant, number of grains per spike.

Character association and path analysis among yield components in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

The analysis of the nature and magnitude of associations among 10 quantitative traits and their contribution towardsseed yield was carried out in 30 genotypes of castor (Ricinus communis L.) during the winterseason of 2009 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Tirupati. The results revealed that 1200 seed weight, oil yield/plant, effective length of main spike, oil content and number ofspikes/plant had significant positive association with seed yield/plant. Path analysis revealed that oil yield/plant, 100 seed weight, number of capsules on main spike, number of nodes upto main spike, plant height up to main spike and days to 50% flowering are the direct contributors for seed yield in castor.

Variability of yield components in winter wheat varieties and breeding lines under environment of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe

Topicality. The main task of winter wheat breeding is to increase productivity, therefore, the development and introduction of new varieties of winter wheat with high productivity potential being well adapted to changing growing conditions into agricultural production is an urgent area of research. Breeders' efforts are aimed at developing varieties with a successful combination of high parameters of all the main productivity elements in one genotype, which will maximise grain yield. Breeding work is determined by many factors, among which the search and development of new genetic sources with high performance indicators. Therefore, the peculiarities of yield potential realization and the study of the mechanisms of productivity element formation under changing meteorological conditions are important for establishing the response rate and selecting the most stable productive genotypes and their further involvement in breeding programs. Purpose. To identify the best varieties and breeding lines of winter wheat in terms of productivity elements in the environment of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for their involvement in crossbreeding programmes. Methods. Visual – phenological observations; laboratory-field – determination of biometric indicators; mathematical and statistical – establishing the reliability of the obtained data. Results. It was found that the maximum realisation of the yield potential of winter wheat plants by structural elements occurred under optimal growing conditions such as in years with higher moisture availability and sowing on 5 October. Yield formation was significantly influenced by the weather conditions of the year, genotype and unaccounted factors. Sowing dates had a significant effect only on the manifestation of the plant height trait. There was a minor variation (3.8 %÷5.5 %) in plant height in all varieties and breeding lines. Different levels of variability were found for the following traits: number of productive stems varied from Cv=16.4 % (second sowing date in the dry 2019/20) to Cv=27.6 % (first sowing date in the favourable 2020/21); main head grain content and thousand grain weight – Cv=10.7÷17.6 % and Cv=8.8÷16.9 %, respectively. Regardless of varietal characteristics, the main spike length had insignificant (Сv=5.6÷8.8 %) phenotypic variability with a range of variation of 0.2–2.0 cm. There were determined the variability levels of traits by the spikelet number per spike (Сv=5.7 %÷8.6 %), by grain weight per spike (Сv=13.1÷20.5 %) and per plant (Сv=20.5÷36.3 %). Conclusions. The varieties MIP Assol, Hratsiia MYR, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Yuvileina and breeding lines LUT 55198, LUT 37519 consistently formed a high level of productivity elements regardless of sowing dates and conditions of the growing year, which indicates their high adaptive capacity. They are recommended for breeding programmes as valuable parental components. Key words: productivity parameters, trait, variation, sowing date, year conditions

Fine Points of Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis Regulatory Genes for the Creation of Black-Grained Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Lines

Enrichment of grains with anthocyanins is considered a feasible approach to improving the nutritional properties of bread wheat. Here, two black-grained substitution lines with either 4B or 4D chromosomes substituted by wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) 4Th were created via marker-assisted combining the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory genes Pp-1, Pp3 (Purple pericarp), and Ba1 (Blue aleurone) in the genetics background of cv. Saratovskaya 29. The black grains manifested the simultaneous accumulation of anthocyanins in aleurone, and the pericarp layers resulted in the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC), which amounted to approximately the sum of TACs of the purple and blue grains. The lines with substitution 4Th(4B) had long trichomes on the leaves, whereas the lines with substitution 4Th(4D) did not differ from parental cv. Saratovskaya 29. Despite the chromosome substitution having a positive effect on the main spike length, the other yield-related traits (grain weight per main spike, the spike number per plant, and the 1000-grain weight) were decreased in the lines with chromosome substitution. The developed lines together with the parental ones constitute a valuable model for comparative studies and genetic stock for breeding commercial wheat cultivars featuring high levels of anthocyanins in grains.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Hulless Barely Phenotypes in Drought Environment.

Drought stress is one of the main factors restricting hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) yield. Genome-wide association study was performed using 269 lines of hulless barley to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with drought-resistance traits. The plants were cultured under either normal or drought conditions, and various quantitative traits including shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf saturated fresh weight, leaf dry weight, ratio of root and shoot fresh weight, ratio of root and shoot dry weight, shoot water loss rate, root water loss rate, leaf water content and leaf relative water content, and field phenotypes including main spike length, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, thousand grain weight (TGW), main spike number, plant height, and effective spike number of plants were collected. After genotyping the plants, a total of 8,936,130 highly consistent population SNP markers were obtained with integrity > 0.5 and minor allele frequency > 0.05. Eight candidate genes potentially contributed to the hulless barley drought resistance were obtained at loci near significant SNPs. For example, EMB506, DCR, and APD2 genes for effective spike number of plants, ABCG11 gene for main spike number (MEN), CLPR2 gene for main spike length, YIP4B gene for root and shoot dry weight (RSWD), and GLYK and BTS genes for TGW. The SNPs and candidate genes identified in this study will be useful in hulless barley breeding under drought resistance.

Winter hard wheat in Kursk Region

Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Center, together with National Grain Center named after P.P. Lukyanenko, has been studying and selecting hybrid populations, lines and varieties of hard winter wheat since 2012. Since 2017, they have been studied for ecological plasticity and the presence of economically valuable features when cultivating in the Central Chernozem Region (Kursk Region) varieties of winter hard wheat bred by FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”on the basis of agreements on creative and scientific cooperation. At this stage of research, a large number of seedlings of winter hard wheat were tested, of which the most promising ones were identified. Using highly effective methods of ecological selection and having worked out breeding material in the environmental breeding laboratory of Kursk FARC, research data for 2018-2020. on yield, resistance to creep, overwintering, crop structure (height of plants, number of plants, number of stems, number of productive stems, total bush, productive bush, mass of 1000 grains, length of main spike, number of grains in main spike, weight of grain from one plant) and grain quality, on the basis of which grades and lines of winter hard wheat are evaluated. Over the years of research, weather conditions have developed in a variety of ways. Adverse environmental factors made it possible to better assess the level of adaptability of the studied sorto samples to abiostresses. In this regard an important task of joint breeding, is to increase environmental sustainability, the ability to ensure high stable yields in the soil and climatic conditions of the cultivation region.

Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition

Water limiting condition creates imbalance or deficiency of growth regulators in plant, which leads toward reduce crop yield. The present investigation entitled “Influence of growth regulators on growth, phenological traits and yield attributes of wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] under restricted irrigation condition” was conducted during the Rabi season during 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Students’ Instructional Farm, Nawabganj, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (U.P.), India in randomized block design with three replications and exogenous application of growth regulators with control wheat plants viz., Control, GA3 20 ppm, GA3 40 ppm, Alar 100 ppm, Alar 200 ppm, ABA 25 ppm, ABA 50 ppm, SA 50 ppm, SA 100 ppm, Kinetin 5 ppm and Kinetin 10 ppm on wheat variety (K1317) under restricted irrigation condition. Crop growth and yield attributes were assess during the experimentation. Study revealed that crop reduced growth and yield in term of plant height at maturity stage, number of leaves plant-1 at all observation stage, days to anthesis, days to maturity, main spike length and grains weight plant-1 under restricted irrigation, while, these parameters were improved with application of growth regulators. Maximum crop growth and yield traits were recorded with application of growth regulators GA3 40 ppm as compare to other treatments.

Combining ability for seed yield and its component traits in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

Combining ability analysis was carried out using five pistillate lines as female and 13 monoecious lines as malefor seed yield and component traits in castor. The result indicated that both gca and sca variances were important in the expression of all the traits. Non-additive gene action was predominant for seed yield and oil content, while additive gene action was more important in the expression of length of main spike, number of capsules on main spike, number of effective spikes/plant and 100-seed weight. Three pistillate lines, JP-96, JP-106 and SKP-84 and five male lines, JI454, JI-455, JI-456 and JI-457 were good general combiners for yield and its contributing traits.

Response of castor (Ricinus communis L.) to crop geometry and potassium on growth, yield attributes and yields under irrigated condition

A field experiment was conducted at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat) during kharif season of 2013-14 to 2015-16. The soil was medium black and clayey in texture.The experiment was laid out in Split Plot Design comprising four levels of plant geometry (G1:150 cm x 90 cm, G2: 150 cm x 60 cm, G3: 120 cm x 90 cm and G4: 120 cm x 60 cm) allotted to main plots and four potassium levels (K1:Control, K2: 20 kg K2O/ha, K3: 40 kg K2O/ha and K4: 50 kg K2O/ha) assigned to sub plots and replicated thrice. The results indicated that castor sown at 150 cm x 60 cm and 120 cm x 60 cm spacing recorded significantly higherplant population, plant height, number of branches, number ofspikes, length of main spike, number of capsules per spike and seed yield in pooled results. While, almost all the growth characters, yield attributes, quality parametersand seed yield were found significantly higher when crop was fertilized with 40 and 50 kg K2O/ha. Interaction effect between crop geometry and potassium levels was significant and crop geometry of 120 cm x 60 cm with potassium application @ 40 kg K2O/ha (G4K3) recorded significantly higher castor seed yield (3714 kg/ha) and net return (`1,01,290/ha) with B:C ratio of 3.81. It was concluded that kharif castor should be sown at 120 cm x 60 cm with an application of potassium @ 40 kg K2O/ha along with recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus (120-50 kg NP/ha) for obtaining higher seed yield and net return.

Combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Combining ability was analyzed using a line × tester (8 × 4) analysis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Combining ability analysis, revealed the importance of both additive as well as non-additive genetic variances for control of various traits. The potence ratio (σ2gca/ σ2sca) suggested the preponderance of additive gene actions for number of effective tillers per plant, length of main spike, number of spikelets per main spike, number of grains per main spike and 100-grain weight and non-additive gene actions for rest of the traits. Parent MP 3288 was the best general combiner, whereas crosses MP 3288 × GW 496 and MP 3288 × GW 366 were found to be the best specific combiners for grain yield per plant and some of the yield contributing traits. However, on the basis of per se performance and significant SCA effects for grain yield per plant and some of its important components, hybrids MP 3288 x GW 366, MP 3288 x HI 1544 and GW 173 x GW 451 were considered to be the most promising for further exploitation in breeding programmes.

The influence of mutagenic factors on agronomic traits of spring barley varieties in М1 and emergence of modified forms in М2

Purpose. To determine response of spring barley varieties to action of different concentrations of mutagens in M1. To study effect of the mutagens on the formation of agronomic traits in M1, M2 spring barley varieties. Methods. The experiments with the varieties of Myronivka breeding Virazh and Talisman Myronivskyi were carried out in 2016, 2017 in the conditions of the experimental field of the Scientific-Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University as well as in laboratory. The seeds were soaked in solutions of mutagen hydroxylamine (HA) at concentrations 1.0 % (high); 0.5 % (medium), and 0.1 % (low) and mutagen nitrosomethylurea (NMU) at concentrations 0.1 % (high), 0.01 % (medium) and 0.001 % (low). Seeds soaked in water were as the control. The exposition was 18 hours. In M1 seed vigor in laboratory conditions and field germination were evaluated. In M2 plant height, main spike length, grain number and grain weight per main spike were determined. Seeds harvested from the control variants in M1 were used as the control in M2. Results. As compared with HA the mutagen NMU at high-concentration caused high level of depression in spring barley seedlings resulted in decrease of field germination for the variety Vіrazh to 24.0 %, for the variety Talisman Myronivskyi to 51.0 %. When treating seeds with NMU at high concentration, in M1 of the variety Vіrаzh the plants with loose and long (12.7 cm) spike were obtained, whereas 10.0 cm in control. In М2 the variety Vіrazh families were obtained (10/4, 11/2б and 11/4) with significant decrease in plant height (53.0–53.3 cm, control 60.2 cm) which were obtained by the action of mutagen NMU at medium and low concentrations. When mutagen HA in low concentration and mutagen HMM in high concentration acting on seeds of the variety Vіrazh, families (5/1 and 9/2) were obtained which significantly exceeded control in main spike length and grains number per main spike. Conclusions. The indices seed vigor, field germination and main spike length were the most informative ones for mutagenic action in spring barley M1. The action of mutagen NMU in high concentrations caused higher level of depression than mutagen HA. Seed germination was influenced by mutagen concentration, mutagen nature and genotype. In M2 of the varieties Virazh and Talisman Myronivskyi the appearance of modified forms in terms of plant height, main spike length, grain number and grain weight per main spike have been marked. The best results were achieved by the action of high concentration of NMU and high and low concentration of HA The genotype, mutagen concentration and the nature of the mutagen influenced on the formation of yield components in M2. Studies on mutant generations will continue in M3 and M4 to search valuable mutations.

Research on influence of environment factors to yield and quality traits of Perilla frutescen

The research is aimed to study of the influence of environmental factors on the yield and quality traits, and find out the regularity of the growth and development of perilla. The main environmental factor data in six ecological area in Guizhou province were collected, and the correlation analysis with yield and quality traits of 15 perilla strains was conducted. The results showed that the cultivation environment has significant effects on the yield and quality traits of perilla. The effect of environment on main yield composed traits, contained grain number in top spike, effective panicle number per plant, plant height, top spike length, growth period, and thousand seed weight was degressive. In the different environmental factors, the latitude showed positive correlation with yield, growth period and effective panicle number per plant, and negative correlation with top spike length and grain number in top spike. Elevation showed negative correlation with the growth period of perilla. The perilla yield increased at first and then decreased with altitude rising, with the maximum in the 800 m altitude. The 600-900 m altitude is suitable area for perilla. Except for positive correlation with the plant height, and negative correlation with top spike length, the longitude showed in apparent impact on other traits. Sunshine duration, temperature and rainfall accumulation showed different effect on the different perilla strains. For yield composed traits, the sunshine duration was negatively correlation with the plant length. The accumulated temperature and mean temperature showed negative correlation with the main spike length, the rainfall showed negative correlation with the precipitation and growth period, plant height, ear number. The environmental impact on the oil compounds decreased with oleic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid and oil content. Correlation analysis showed that the significantly negative correlation between the oil content and palmitic acid and linoleic acid content, and the positive correlation between linolenic acid content, α-linolenic acid content showed significant negative correlation with other fatty acids composition, and palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid showed significant positive correlation with each other. The influence of different environmental factors on the quality of perilla were as follows: the oil content was positively associated with elevation and sunshine duration. α-Linolenic acid content showed negative correlation with longitude, latitude, accumulated temperature and mean temperature, but positive correlation with altitude, sunlight and rainfall capacity. The correlation between palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and environmental factors showed contrast character of α-linolenic acid. This study detailed discussed the influence of environmental factors on the quality of perilla, which provided the foundation of ecological planting technology and geoherbalism research of perilla.

Genetic Behavior of Some Agronomic Characters in Three Bread Wheat Crosses under Different Environmental Conditions

This investigation was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Gemmeiza Agriculture Research Station, Egyptduring the three successive seasons,i.e., 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to study nature of gene action for yield andits components, heterosis expression, heritability and expected genetic advance under normal and water stress conditions.Six populations model (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) was used in this study for three crosses; (I) Gemmeiza 11× Giza168, (II) Giza 171× Shandawel 1 and (III) Gemmeiza 9× Misr1. Means of the six generations were recorded for eightcharacters, i.e. number of spikes per plant, plant height, main spike length, number of spikelets per main spike, number ofkernels per main spike, main spike yield, grain yield per plant and 1000- kernels weight. Results revealed that thecoincidence of sign and magnitude of heterosis and inbreeding depression was also detected for most characters in thethree crosses under both conditions. Study of generation means analysis revealed that additive, dominance and epistasiceffects were involved in the inheritance of yield and its components. Additive (a) and dominance (d) genes effects weresignificant for most studied characters under both conditions. High heritability estimates in broad sense were detected forall studied characters in the three crosses under both conditions, except, main spike yield in the first cross under stress.Narrow sense heritability estimates were found to be high for most characters under both conditions. Moderate to highgenetic advance (Δg%) was detected for all characters of the three crosses under the two environments, except, plantheight for the three crosses under normal condition and first and second cross under stress condition. The highestestimates of narrow sense heritability associated with highest genetic advance for most of the studied characters in most ofcrosses under both conditions indicated sufficient improvement of the variable characters. These results indicated thepossibility of practicing selection in early generations for these characters.

Phenotypic and genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for quantitative traits of two-rowed spring barley in Forest-steppe of Ukraine

The paper covers the results of three-year (2012–2014) studies by statistical genetic parameters of the main economically important quantitative traits in two-rowed spring barley accessions of different ecological origin under environments of the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat of NAAS. Phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficients of variation were from low to moderate level depending on the trait and year of the study: PCV = 3.69–17.22%, GCV = 3.66–14.73%. The highest values for all years were noted for the grain weight per plant: PCV = 14.32–17.22%, GCV = 12.01–14.73%, the lowest values were noted for 1000 grain weight: PCV = 3.69–5.96%, GCV = 3.66–5.93%. Heritability coefficient in the broad sense varied from H2 = 70.34% for the grain weight per plant to H2 = 98.94% for 1000 grain weight. The highest indices of expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) was noted for the main spike length: GAM = 24.82–26.92%, for grain weight per plant: GAM = 20.74–25.95%, for grain weight per main spike: GAM = 18.87–23.81%. The peculiarity revealed indicated that when reasonable selecting the components of crosses, it is possible to obtain breeding advance of moderate to high level for most traits.

Genetic correlation under diverse environments in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

F 2 generation of eight crosses of bread wheat were grown under timely and late sowing conditions to study the genetic correlation for grain yield and its components. Under timely sowing, negative and significant association with grain yield per plant was found in hybrid RWP 2002-2 × LOK-1 for days to heading, in GW 9715 × K 9102 for days to maturity and in AKAW 2862-2 × MACS 2496 for plant height. However, significant and positive relationship was displayed between grain yield per plant with number of effective tillers per plant in all the crosses except crosses CLN 5 × GW 322 and GW 9715 × K 9102. Positive and significant association of grain yield per plant with biological yield per plant and harvest index was observed in all the crosses except cross 3 and crosses 3 and 7, respectively. In case of late sowing, significant and negative genetic association for developmental traits was found for days to maturity in cross RWP 2002-2 × LOK 1 and for plant height in AKAW 2862-1 × MACS 2496, CLN 1 × GW 273 and P 11616 × PBW 524. While positive and significant association of grain yield per plant with number of effective tillers per plant, length of main spike, number of grains per spike, grain filling period and biological yield per plant was observed in all the crosses except cross 3 for length of main spike and cross 2 for number of grains per spike under late sowing. Above said yield contributing characters are useful for the indirect selection for the improvement of grain yield per plant under respective environment in bread wheat.

Genetic control of productivity elements in bread winter wheat F1 and F2 hybrids created by involving carriers of introgressive components

Purpose. To evaluate bread winter wheat F1 and F2 hybrids including those created with varieties-carriers of wheat-rye translocations for elements of grain productivity and to determine their breeding value for modelling selection of highly productive progenies. Methods. Bread winter wheat varieties with and without wheat-rye translocations (1AL/1RS, 1BL/1RS) and 30 combinations of F1 and F2 (K.1…K. 30) created by involving them were studied. conducted using Field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Phenological observations, accounting, evaluation and harvesting were carried out according to conventional methods. Results. Hybrid combinations created by involving varieties with wheat-rye translocations (Smuhlianka 1AL/1RS, Kryzhynka 1BL/1RS) have different levels of manifestation of productivity characters, depending on the conditions of the year and individual characteristics of parental forms. According to phenotypic dominance index in F1 plants in 2014, 2015, significant differentiation was found as for types of inheritance of productivity elements. For the type of phenotypic dominance material was divided into five groups. The phenotypic dominance data pointed at prevalence (1.6–5.0 times) of overdomination (heterosis) concerning to 40 % of combinations in the experiment, while the partial positive domination were observed in 8 %, the intermediate inheritance in 19 % , the partial negative inheritance in 11 %, depression in 27 %. Wherein the hybrids originated with the participation of varieties with either 1BL/1RS or 1AL/RS translocation were characterized by overdomination in 9.7 % of combinations vs. in 3.8 % of combinations if both parents had wheat-rye translocation. In F2 hybrids (in 2015) originated with the participation of varieties with introgressive rye components positive transgressions were found in 60 % of the combinations studied by grain weight and grain number per main spike as well as by grain mass per plant; in 57 % by 1000 kernel weight; in 50 % by productive tiller number; in 33 % by main spike length; in 16 % by spikelet number per main spike. The most combinations with participation of the variety Smuhlianka are characterized with true heterosis and transgressivity by 1000 kernel weight and grain weight per main spike, thus indicating the effectiveness of this variety as a donor to produce elite plants of high intensity type. The offspring of the variety Kryzhynka showed a true heterosis by grain weight per plant being typical for genotypes of universal type. Conclusions. Manifestation of overdominance and heterosis in F1 hybrids and transgression in F2 hybrids indicate the advantage of genotypes with introgressive components in combinative breeding. The varieties without translocations were somewhat inferior to genotypes with introgressive components by ratio of hybrid populations with heterosis and transgression.

Genotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in released varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under partially reclaimed saline sodic soil

This research sought to determine the correlations between grain yield and its contributing traits and to measure the direct and indirect effects on grain yield in barley. Sixty four released varieties were grown under par-tially reclaimed saline- sodic soil, under irrigated conditions during rabi 2010-11. The grain yield per plant showed highly significant and positive correlation with 1000 grain weight (0.517), plant height (0.460), length of main spike (0.459), fertile tillers per plant (0.385), and grains per main spike (0.366). On the basis of relationship of grain yield with yield contributing traits, we can select the best genotype and can be utilised in breeding program.

QTL mapping of grain yield and its components under normal and drought stress conditions in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

A population comprising of 118 double haploids of barley derived from a cross, Nure x Tremois was evaluated for different traits for yield and its components under normal and drought stress conditions. Using a genetic map of 543 markers (DArT, SSR, SNP and AFLP), we identified 33 additive quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for phenological and morphological traits. All of these Qtls had additive and digenic effects. Five out of 67 epistatic Qtls exhibited significant Q×T interactions. The majorities of main effects were detected on chromosome 5H and affected primarily plant height (PH), number of spikes/plant (Ns/P), kernels per spike (KS), thousand kernel weight (TKW), main spike length (MSL) and harvest index (HI). We identified additive QTLs for plant height on most the chromosomes, except 4H. Five pairs of epistatic QTLs for plant height without interaction with environments were also detected. However, we did not find any additive QTLs for grain yield, but detected nine epistatic QTLs on all of the barley chromosomes. None of them had interaction with environments

Genetic variability and divergence analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in released varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under partially reclaimed saline sodic soil

Genetic variability is the back bone of crop improvement programme, effectiveness of selection depends upon nature and magnitude of genetic variability present in the genetic material. The aim of the present study was that to identify the potential genotypes performing well under partially reclaimed saline- sodic soil (pH 8.6-8.9, EC = 4-4.2 dSm-1, ESP = > 15). Sixty four released varieties of barley collected from Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal were grown during rabi season 2010-11, showing wide spectrum of variation for various characters. The characters studied were yield and yield contributing traits; namely plant height, days to maturity, fertile tillers / plant, length of main spike, grains per main spike, 1000-grains weight, grain yield per plant. The data on 7 characters was utilized for estimation of mean, range and least significant differences. The varieties RD-2552(8.52), HBL-276(8.35), RD- 2592(8.17), PL-419(8.15), Kedar(8.11), PL-751(8.10), JB-58(8.06), K-508(7.96) produced higher grain yield per plant and showed high to very high mean performance for several other yield component also. These selected varieties can be used in breeding program and can be recommended direct cultivation under partially reclaimed salinesodic soil.