The influence of mutagenic factors on agronomic traits of spring barley varieties in М1 and emergence of modified forms in М2

Abstract

Purpose. To determine response of spring barley varieties to action of different concentrations of mutagens in M1. To study effect of the mutagens on the formation of agronomic traits in M1, M2 spring barley varieties. Methods. The experiments with the varieties of Myronivka breeding Virazh and Talisman Myronivskyi were carried out in 2016, 2017 in the conditions of the experimental field of the Scientific-Research Center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University as well as in laboratory. The seeds were soaked in solutions of mutagen hydroxylamine (HA) at concentrations 1.0 % (high); 0.5 % (medium), and 0.1 % (low) and mutagen nitrosomethylurea (NMU) at concentrations 0.1 % (high), 0.01 % (medium) and 0.001 % (low). Seeds soaked in water were as the control. The exposition was 18 hours. In M1 seed vigor in laboratory conditions and field germination were evaluated. In M2 plant height, main spike length, grain number and grain weight per main spike were determined. Seeds harvested from the control variants in M1 were used as the control in M2. Results. As compared with HA the mutagen NMU at high-concentration caused high level of depression in spring barley seedlings resulted in decrease of field germination for the variety Vіrazh to 24.0 %, for the variety Talisman Myronivskyi to 51.0 %. When treating seeds with NMU at high concentration, in M1 of the variety Vіrаzh the plants with loose and long (12.7 cm) spike were obtained, whereas 10.0 cm in control. In М2 the variety Vіrazh families were obtained (10/4, 11/2б and 11/4) with significant decrease in plant height (53.0–53.3 cm, control 60.2 cm) which were obtained by the action of mutagen NMU at medium and low concentrations. When mutagen HA in low concentration and mutagen HMM in high concentration acting on seeds of the variety Vіrazh, families (5/1 and 9/2) were obtained which significantly exceeded control in main spike length and grains number per main spike. Conclusions. The indices seed vigor, field germination and main spike length were the most informative ones for mutagenic action in spring barley M1. The action of mutagen NMU in high concentrations caused higher level of depression than mutagen HA. Seed germination was influenced by mutagen concentration, mutagen nature and genotype. In M2 of the varieties Virazh and Talisman Myronivskyi the appearance of modified forms in terms of plant height, main spike length, grain number and grain weight per main spike have been marked. The best results were achieved by the action of high concentration of NMU and high and low concentration of HA The genotype, mutagen concentration and the nature of the mutagen influenced on the formation of yield components in M2. Studies on mutant generations will continue in M3 and M4 to search valuable mutations.