Genetic control of productivity elements in bread winter wheat F1 and F2 hybrids created by involving carriers of introgressive components

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate bread winter wheat F1 and F2 hybrids including those created with varieties-carriers of wheat-rye translocations for elements of grain productivity and to determine their breeding value for modelling selection of highly productive progenies. Methods. Bread winter wheat varieties with and without wheat-rye translocations (1AL/1RS, 1BL/1RS) and 30 combinations of F1 and F2 (K.1…K. 30) created by involving them were studied. conducted using Field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Phenological observations, accounting, evaluation and harvesting were carried out according to conventional methods. Results. Hybrid combinations created by involving varieties with wheat-rye translocations (Smuhlianka 1AL/1RS, Kryzhynka 1BL/1RS) have different levels of manifestation of productivity characters, depending on the conditions of the year and individual characteristics of parental forms. According to phenotypic dominance index in F1 plants in 2014, 2015, significant differentiation was found as for types of inheritance of productivity elements. For the type of phenotypic dominance material was divided into five groups. The phenotypic dominance data pointed at prevalence (1.6–5.0 times) of overdomination (heterosis) concerning to 40 % of combinations in the experiment, while the partial positive domination were observed in 8 %, the intermediate inheritance in 19 % , the partial negative inheritance in 11 %, depression in 27 %. Wherein the hybrids originated with the participation of varieties with either 1BL/1RS or 1AL/RS translocation were characterized by overdomination in 9.7 % of combinations vs. in 3.8 % of combinations if both parents had wheat-rye translocation. In F2 hybrids (in 2015) originated with the participation of varieties with introgressive rye components positive transgressions were found in 60 % of the combinations studied by grain weight and grain number per main spike as well as by grain mass per plant; in 57 % by 1000 kernel weight; in 50 % by productive tiller number; in 33 % by main spike length; in 16 % by spikelet number per main spike. The most combinations with participation of the variety Smuhlianka are characterized with true heterosis and transgressivity by 1000 kernel weight and grain weight per main spike, thus indicating the effectiveness of this variety as a donor to produce elite plants of high intensity type. The offspring of the variety Kryzhynka showed a true heterosis by grain weight per plant being typical for genotypes of universal type. Conclusions. Manifestation of overdominance and heterosis in F1 hybrids and transgression in F2 hybrids indicate the advantage of genotypes with introgressive components in combinative breeding. The varieties without translocations were somewhat inferior to genotypes with introgressive components by ratio of hybrid populations with heterosis and transgression.