Length Of Ileum Research Articles

Selenium and vitamin E diet inclusion for optimal reproduction performances of red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa)

To date there is little knowledge regarding the requirements of Se and vitamin E of red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). For this reason, in the present study four different Se and vitamin E diet inclusions have been tested. A total of 360 parents were used and randomly divided into four groups; diets were supplemented with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg of Se and Se to vitamin E ratio was kept approximately constant in all groups. The effects of the diets on parents’ reproduction performances and on embryos visceral organs were investigated. The best laying rate was reached with 0.4 mg/kg Se diet supplementation while the best hatching rate was reached with 0.3 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The relative weight of duodenum, jejunum and ileum in embryo was higher (p < 0.05) in the groups fed 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg Se compared to the other groups. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also observed for jejunum and ileum length as animals were fed the highest Se to vitamin E ratios. The number and height of villi and goblet cells density of jejunum were higher (p < 0.05) in the groups fed 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg of Se than in the group fed 0.2 mg/kg. Epithelial buds density in the Bursa of Fabricius of embryos was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for 0.4 and 0.5 mg/kg Se supplemented groups than in the others. In conclusion our results suggest that 0.4 mg/kg of selenium and 100 mg/kg vitamin E should be included in the parents’ diet in order to optimise red-legged partridges performances.

Effects of gel-based phytogenic feed supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and intestinal morphology in weanling pigs

ABSTRACTA total of 120 weanling pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.71 kg were used in a 6-week feeding trial (divided into three phases) to evaluate the effects of gel-based phytogenic feed supplement on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and intestinal morphology. Pigs were randomly distributed on the basis of BW and sex with five pigs per pen and eight pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were: CON (basal diet), CON + 50 g gel-based feed supplement per pig a day, (F50) and CON + 100 g gel-based feed supplement per pig a day, (F100). During week 6, pigs receiving F50 and F100 diet had a linear increase (P = .001) in BW. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed ratio (G:F) also increased linearly (P = .03) in piglets at the last phase of experiment. Overall, pigs fed F50 and F100 diet showed a linear increase (P = .002) in ADG and G:F (linear, P = .02). However, average daily feed intake was neither improved nor reduced in piglets with F100 and F50 treatment. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and energy (E) increased linearly (P = .01, P = .02, respectively) with an increase in the dose of feed supplement. The villi length of jejunum and ileum was improved (linear, P < .0001, P < .0001, respectively) with an increase in the level of gel-based feed supplement. In conclusion, phytogenic feed supplement did not influence feed intake but increased ADG, improved G:F through enhancement of DM and E digestibility as well as improved jejunum and ileum villi length.

Effect of feed supplementation with a thymol plus carvacrol mixture, in combination or not with an NSP-degrading enzyme, on productive and physiological parameters of broilers fed on wheat-based diets

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feed supplementation with a phytogenic product (equal mixture of thymol plus carvacrol; T+C) on performance, nutrient retention, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profiles, cecum microbial ecosystem, serum parameters and characteristics of gastrointestinal tract of broilers fed on wheat-based diets with or without an NSP-degrading enzyme product (xylanase plus β-glucanase; E) from d 0 to 42. Six dietary treatments were arranged according to a factorial design with three levels of T+C (0, 100 and 200mg/kg of diet) and two levels of E (0 and 0.5g/kg of diet). Each treatment was replicated five times with 12 chicks per replicate. There was no interaction effect between E and T+C on any of the measured parameters. Compared with the control group, birds fed diets containing E or T+C had a higher (P<0.01) final body weight, average daily gain and feed efficiency at d 42. Digesta viscosity was reduced (P<0.05) in treatments with E addition in all parts of the small intestine. In treatments with T+C inclusion digesta viscosity was reduced in jejunum and ileum at d 24. E or T+C treated birds showed an increased (P<0.05) retention of DM, protein and energy. Dietary supplementation with E and T+C increased (P<0.01) total VFA and acetate levels at d 24 and 42, whereas the level of butyrate decreased (P<0.01). Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts were lower (P<0.01) than controls, and Lactobacilli counts were higher (P<0.01), in birds fed on diets supplemented with enzyme or T+C at the rate of 200mg/kg. E supplementation increased (P<0.05) serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumin and globulin concentrations, while T+C supplementation decreased (P<0.05) total cholesterol, TP and albumin at d 40. E supplementation decreased (P<0.01) the relative length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of broilers. Moreover, carcass, liver and pancreas relative weights decreased (P<0.05) with E supplementation at d 42. T+C dietary supplementation only affected carcass relative weight and jejunum and ileum relative lengths. The present study showed that thymol+carvacrol, in combination or not with an NSP-degrading enzyme, improved growth performance, enhanced nutrients retention, increased total VFA, reduced cholesterol and modulated intestinal microbial counts in broilers fed on a wheat-based diet.

Oral delivery of Bacillus subtilis spore expressing enolase of Clonorchis sinensis in rat model: induce systemic and local mucosal immune responses and has no side effect on liver function.

Caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, human clonorchiasis remains a major public health problem in China. In previous study, we had expressed enolase from C. sinensis (CsENO) on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spore and the recombinant spore induced a pronounced protection in terms of reduced worm burden and eggs per gram feces, suggesting B. subtilis spore as an ideal vehicle for antigen delivery by oral treatment and CsENO as a promising vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. In the current study, we detected CsENO-specific IgG and IgA levels both in serum and in intestinal mucus from rats orally administrated with B. subtilis spore surface expressing CsENO by ELISA. Lysozyme levels in serum and in intestinal mucus were analyzed too. In addition, IgA-secreting cells in intestine epithelium of the rats were detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The intestinal villi lengths of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also measured. Rats orally treated with B. subtilis spore or normal saline were used as controls. Our results showed that, compared with the control groups, oral administration of B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO induced both systemic and local mucosal immune response. The recombinant spores also enhanced non-specific immune response in rats. The spores had no side effect on liver function. Moreover, it might facilitate food utilization and digestion of the rats. Our work will pave the way to clarify the involved mechanisms of protective efficacy elicited by B. subtilis spore expressing CsENO and encourage us to carry out more assessment trails of the oral treated spore to develop vaccine against clonorchiasis.

Sa1203 Appendiceal Orifice Histology and Its Prognostic Significance in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

G A A b st ra ct s lesions confined to the ileocolonic anastomosis). Secondary outcome was to identify risk factors like Montreal classification, smoking behavior, previous resection(s), gender, family history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), surgery indication, type of anastomosis, ileum length resected and postoperative use of medication. Results In the 105 included patients, the overall endoscopic recurrence rate was 38.1%. The recurrence rate in patients who used postoperative biologics was 26.3%, 23.8% in patients who used immunomodulators and 51.9% in patients without postoperative medication. Only smoking the year before surgery (OR; 3.590, 95% CI 1.269-10.233, p=0.017) seemed to be a significant risk factor in the multivariate analysis for risk factors for endoscopic recurrence. Postoperative use of medication was a protective factor (not significant, but a trend OR; 0.381, 95% CI 0.142-1.018, p=0.054), which reduced the risk with 61.9%. Conclusion This is the first study that used the modified Rutgeerts score to evaluate endoscopic recurrence. In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, the endoscopic recurrence rate found was lower than in previous studies. Based on this study, special attention should be paid in the preoperative phase to patients with smoking habits. Postoperatively, an early start with immunomodulators or anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy should be taken into consideration.

Variation in the chicken LPIN2 gene and association with performance traits

The objective of the study was to investigate the distribution of LPIN2 variants and haplotypes among breeds and perform an association analysis of the variants and haplotypes with the broiler traits in chickens.Six breeds were used to study the variation and distribution of chicken LPIN2, and an F2 resource population was used to measure growth traits, carcass traits, meat quality traits and serum biochemistry parameters.A c.-599G>A variant was located in the promoter region of LPIN2 and c.444G>A and c.1730A>T (E577D) coding variant mutations were detected. Linkage disequilibrium tests showed that these three variants were under moderate linkage disequilibrium in the 6 breeds and 7 haplotypes were constructed. The distribution of variation/haplotypes presented clear differences among breeds.Association analysis showed that c.-599G>A was associated with leg muscle weight, jejunum length, ileum length, leg muscle fibre density and leg muscle fibre diameter; c.444G>A was associated with spleen weight, ileum length, body weight at hatch and metatarsus length at 8 weeks; c.1730T>A had significant effects on chicken liver weight, heart weight, body weight at 10 weeks, serum albumin and glucose.Diplotypes were significantly associated with body weight at hatch, heart weight, pancreas weight, duodenum length, leg muscle fibre density and lactate dehydrogenase.

P363. How did changes in medical protocols affect the length of resected ileum in Crohn's disease over the last decade?

P363. How did changes in medical protocols affect the length of resected ileum in Crohn's disease over the last decade?

Loss of ileum decreases serum fibroblast growth factor 19 in relation to liver inflammation and fibrosis in pediatric onset intestinal failure

The pathogenesis of intestinal failure (IF) associated liver disease (IFALD) is uncertain, we therefore investigated the role of FGF19 and pro-inflammatory cytokines has on this disease state. Serum FGF19, IL-6 and, TNF-α were measured in 52 IF patients at median age 6.0 years (IQR 2.2-13) after 10 months (4.1-39) on parenteral nutrition (PN). Thirty-nine patients underwent liver biopsies. In IF patients, FGF19 concentrations were lower and those of IL-6 and TNF-α higher compared to healthy matched controls (p ⩽ 0.001 for all). FGF19 concentrations were further decreased in patients without a remaining ileum [37 pg/ml (IQR 30-68) vs. 74 (35-135) p=0.028], and correlated with remaining ileum length (r = 0.333, p = 0.018) and markers of cholesterol synthesis (r = -0.552 to -0.643, p < 0.001). Patients with histological portal inflammation [30 pg/ml (28-45) vs. 48 (33-100), p = 0.019] or fibrosis [35 pg/ml (30-66) vs. 99 (38-163), p = 0.013] had lower serum FGF19 concentrations than others. FGF19 negatively correlated with portal inflammation grade (r = -0.442, p = 0.005), serum TNF-α (r = -0.318, p = 0.025), METAVIR fibrosis stage (r = -0.441, p = 0.005) and APRI (r = -0.328, p = 0.028). IL-6 was higher during PN [6 pg/ml (2-31)] than after weaning off PN [2 pg/ml (1-5), p = 0.009], correlated weakly with cholestasis grade (r = 0.328, p = 0.044), and tended to associate with histological cholestasis [n = 5, 5 pg/ml (5-267) vs. n=34, 2 pg/ml (1-7), p = 0.058]. In pediatric onset of IF, total or partial loss of ileum decreases serum FGF19 concentration corresponding to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, along with increased cholesterol synthesis. In contrast, serum IL-6 increases during PN and may associate with concurrent cholestasis. These data suggests that FGF19 may contribute to the pathogenesis of IFALD.

Effects of prebiotic supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine and serum biochemical parameters of broilers

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of prebiotic supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine and serum biochemical indices of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and 30 broilers per replicate (15 male and 15 female). The treatments were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.13% prebiotic. The broilers of all replicates were weighted at the weekends. The results showed that prebiotic increased the daily gain and final weight and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) at the 42 days of age. When the addition of the prebiotic was 0.13%, the eviscerated carcass ratio of broilers was the lowest, the live weight and the contents of albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) were lower than other group broilers (P < 0.05). Prebiotic improved the weight and length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P < 0.05). It had no significant effect on the weight of cecum and rectum (P > 0.05). According to the above analysis, the feasible supplementation of prebiotic in broiler dietary was 0.10%.

Effect of Thyroidectomy and Thyroxine on Glucose Transport in the Everted Small Intestine of Rat

Thyroid hormone has been shown to alter glucose metabolism, however, there seems to be controversial reports on the effect of thyroxine on intestinal glucose transport. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of thyroidectomy and thyroxine on glucose transport in the small intestine. Forty rats were randomly selected into four groups of ten rats each. Groups one and two rats were thyroidectomised to make them hypothyroid after which group two rats were given thyroxine replacement of 10ug/100g b/w for thirty five days to make them euthyroid. Rats in groups three and four were sham operated thereafter group three rats were given 10ug/100g b/w thyroxine for thirty five days to make them hyperthyroid. Group four served as the control. 10mg/kg b/w Ketamine was administered intraperitoneally as anesthesia for the surgeries. On the thirty-fifth day post-surgery all the animals were killed via cervical dislocation and their small intestines were harvested. 10cm length of jejunum and ileum respectively were used to make everted sacs for the invitro study. Mucosa glucose transfer (MGT), Final glucose concentration gradient (FCG) and Gut glucose uptake (GGU) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the hyperthyroid group and lower (P< 0.05) in the hypothyroid group compared with the control with transport in the jejunum greater (P< 0.05) than the ileum in all groups. Serosal glucose transfer (SGT) was Negative in the hyperthyroid group. SGT was significantly greater (P< 0.05) in the jejunum than the ileum. These findings suggest that thyroidectomy causes reduced glucose transport while thyroxine increases glucose transport in different segments of the small intestine with the transport in the jejunum greater than that of the ileum.

Intervention of ginger or propolis ameliorates methotrexate-induced ileum toxicity.

The long-term clinical use of methotrexate (MTX) is restricted due to its severe intestinal toxicity. The protective effect of ginger or propolis on the toxicity induced by MTX is relatively less understood, so the possible protective effect of ginger or propolis, used separately, was investigated. A total of 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups as follows: (1) control group; (2) ginger group; (3) propolis group; (4) MTX group; (5) ginger + MTX group; and (6) propolis + MTX group. The present results show that MTX caused ileum injury, including shortening and fusion of the villi, inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell depletion. Administration of ginger or propolis ameliorated the MTX-induced ileum injury as shown by histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigations and statistical analysis. This is revealed by intact villi, which shows marked increase in brown colouration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive nuclei in the crypts region, improvement in the number of goblet cells and brush border length of ileum. The current results conclude the efficacy and safety of ginger and propolis, which may be due to their antioxidant properties.

Occurrence and Virulence Characteristics of Aeromonas Species in Meat, Milk and Fish in India

AbstractAeromonas‐induced gastroenteritis is common in India. The incidence of Aeromonas in meat, milk and fish in Kolkata, India and their enterotoxic potentiality have been evaluated here. Aeromonas contamination was detected in all or most of the meat and fish with average load of 1.1 × 102, 3.5 × 103, 1.1 × 103, 2.1 × 103 and 1.6 × 104 cfu/g of red meats, chicken, Indian major carps, tilapia and shrimp, respectively; the levels were at least one order higher on fish skin and meat surface. Aeromonas was also detected in milk and ready‐to‐eat foods. About 59% of the isolates were β‐hemolytic, and 66–92% of them produced phospholipase, caseinase and enterotoxicity. Fish and shrimp isolates produced significantly higher levels of gelatinase (102.73–120.6 U/mL), hemolysin (causing &gt;80% erythrocyte lysis) and enteric fluid accumulation (0.86–0.89 mL/cm ileum length) compared with those from meat and milk indicating their serious pathogenic potentiality. Phenotypically, 43.2, 12.2 and 12.2% of β‐hemolytic strains were identified as recognized human pathogenic species, viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria, respectively, which also expressed higher levels of virulence factors than other Aeromonas species detected. The ubiquitous presence of enterotoxigenic Aeromonas in different raw as well as ready‐to‐eat foods poses serious threat to human health.Practical ApplicationsUbiquitous presence of enterotoxigenic Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria in raw and ready‐to‐eat meat, milk and fish poses a serious human health risk in Indian subcontinent. Heavy bacterial load, combined with higher expression of virulence factors by the isolates, makes fish and shellfish as the most potential sources of Aeromonas infection. Different Aeromonas spp. differed in quantitative expression of different virulence factors. Qualitative and quantitative expression studies showed low positive correlations among gelatinase, hemolysin and ileal enterotoxicity, suggesting requirement of studying multiple virulence factors for identifying the virulent strains. A higher distribution of the bacterium on meat or fish surface and in unhygienically processed or stored food items indicates that adoption of standard practices of cleaning and sanitation would substantially improve safety of food products.

1424 QUALITY OF LIFE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS FOLLOWING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY AND ORTHOTOPIC URINARY DIVERSION: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION COMPARISON OF STUDER- AND I-POUCH NEOBLADDER

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate health-related QoL differences in patients with different ileal neobladder substitutes of 40cm (I-Pouch) and 60cm (StuderPouch, S-Pouch) length. METHODS: Of a total of 171 ileal neobladder procedures (I-pouch: 91 pat., S-pouch: 80 patients) performed in a tertiary academic center between 2002 and 2011 we evaluated QoL aspects in 61 patients (51 men, 12 women) who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Thirty-three patients (26 men, 7 women) underwent an I-pouch and 28 (19 men, 9 women) an S-pouch procedure. The following questionnaires were used: the EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQBLM30 and the GIQLI (evaluating changes bowel habits). Additionally, we assessed the rate of vitamin B12 supplementation, bicarbonate substitution and recurrent urinary tract infections. Median follow-up was 66 months (IQR: 41-104; total range: 9-161. RESULTS: Median age at surgery was 68 (IQR: 43-84) in the I-Pouch and 66 years (IQR: 39-74) in the S-Pouch group (p 0.47). Patients with an I-pouch reported similar QLQ-C30 overall health status (median: 6, IQR: 4-6) compared to patients with an S-pouch (median: 5; IQR: 4-6; p 0.24). Patients with I-Pouch reported better QLQ-C30 QoL status (median: 6, IQR: 5-6) compared to patients with an S-Pouch (median 5, IQR: 4-6; p 0.037). Patients with an S-pouch reported better QLQ-BLM30 general health status (median 19, IQR: 11-26) compared to patients with an I-pouch (median: 29, IQR: 26-34; p 0.001). The median GIQLI score was 0.5 in patients with an I-pouch (IQR: 0-3) and 2 (IQR: 0.75-5) in patients with an S-pouch (p 0.11). Median number of recurrent UTIs was 0 (IQR: 0-2) in patients with an I-Pouch and 1 (IQR: 0-4) in patients with an S-pouch (p 0.036). Patients with an S-pouch tended to be on vitamin B12 substitution compared to I-pouch patients (p 0.07). No significant difference was noted with regard to the rate of bicarbonate substitution between both groups (p 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In this long-term study, patients with an Ipouch experienced a lower rate of recurrent UTIs and tended to be at lower risk of vitamin B12 supplementation. These findings may be attributable to the reduced length of ileum used for the formation of the pouch. The heterogeneity of findings suggests that questionnaires, as the QLQ-C30 and -BLM30 are not valid enough to adequately address QoL aspects in patients with ileal neobladders. These data hint at the necessity to develop neobladder-specific questionnaires to adequately address QoL issues in different ileal neobladders.

Trace elements and rat pouchitis.

The procedure of restorative proctocolectomy is associated with a complete removal of the colon and slight reduction of ileum length, which together can lead to systemic shortages of trace elements. Inflammatory changes in the pouch mucosa may also have some impact. However, there is no data on trace elements in pouchitis. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to assess the effect of acute pouchitis on the status of selected trace elements in rats. Restorative proctocolectomy with the construction of intestinal J-pouch was performed in twenty-four Wistar rats. Three weeks after the surgery, pouchitis was induced. Eight untreated rats created the control group. Liver concentrations of selected micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Se) were measured in both groups six weeks later, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Liver concentrations of trace elements did not differ between the study and the control groups. However, copper, cobalt and selenium concentrations [μg/g] were statistically lower (p<0.02, p<0.05 and p<0.04, respectively) in rats with severe pouchitis (n=9) as compared with rats with mild pouchitis (n=7) [median (range): Cu--7.05 (3.02-14.57) vs 10.47 (5.16-14.97); Co--0.55 (0.37-0.96) vs 0.61 (0.52-0.86); Se--1.17 (0.69-1.54) vs 1.18 (0.29-1.91)]. In conclusion, it seems that acute pouchitis can lead to a significant deficiency of trace elements.

Effects of a xylanase and protease, individually or in combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed a wheat-soybean meal-based diet

The effects of 2 single exogenous and monocomponent feed enzymes, and their combination, and an ionophore coccidiostat on production performance, feed AME(n), nutrient utilization, and intestinal morphology were studied in broiler chickens. One-day-old unvaccinated and unsexed Ross 308 birds (n = 320) were kept in groups of 8 on wood shavings in pens raised from the floor and fed one of 5 experimental diets, replicated 8 times, for 36 d. Treatments were 1) a wheat-soybean meal-based feed with no added coccidiostats or exogenous enzymes (CON), 2) CON + ionophore coccidiostat (Narasin), 3) CON + xylanase (Ronozyme WX CT; XYL), 4) CON + serine protease (Ronozyme ProAct CT; PRO), or 5) CON + xylanase + serine protease (XYL+PRO). Enzymes were added on top in the feed formulation. Diets contained 0.5% TiO₂ to facilitate estimations of total tract apparent nutrient utilization. Treatments had no effect on BW gain or feed intake, but feed conversion, apparent digestibility of starch and fat, and feed AME(n) were improved with all enzyme treatments. The relative length of the ileum was reduced with XYL+PRO. For all parameters measured, the effects of XYL+PRO were similar to when XYL and PRO were fed individually. Narasin had no effect on production performance or nutrient utilization but reduced the relative lengths of jejunum and ileum. Relative lengths and weights of duodenum and cecum were unaffected by treatments. In conclusion, the improved feed conversion with both a xylanase and a protease was reflected in increased nutrient utilization, but their combination was not superior to when supplied separately. Narasin did not affect performance or nutrient utilization but reduced the relative lengths of the jejunum and ileum.

INTUSSUSCEPTION IN A CHILD WITH SPORADIC BURKITT LYMPHOMA

Introduction. Burkitt Lymphoma is a high grade lymphoma and it represents 8-10 % of all tumors in children less than 15 years old. There are two forms of Burkitt Lymphoma (BL): endemic and sporadic, that are indistinguishable by histology, but they have got a different geographical distribution. The sporadic form more commonly has an abdominal presentation. About eighty percent of these patients has predominantly intussusceptions. Materials and methods. We report a 5 years old girl with spasmodic abdominal pain who was addimitted in our Clinic. We diagnosed an intussusception by clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound scan. We decided to perform an emergency operation and we found a single pedicle neoformation on the anti-mesenteric wall of ileum, that was the patologic lead point. We reduced the intussusception and we resected the neoformation and a small length of ileum (about 4 cm). We performed a single-layer end-to-end ileo-ileum anastomosis and the appendicectomy. The histopathological examination and the immunohistochemistry study revealed a Burkitt Lymphoma. Results. The patient was dismissed on eighth postoperative day and she was referred to Pediatric Oncology Center for chemotherapy. The child was graded second class (R2) because lymph-nodes sampling was not performed and LDH levels were lower 500 U/l. Conclusions. The mayority of sporadic Burkitt Lymphoma patients presents with abdominal disease that required a laparotomy. The presenting symptoms included: an abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction, intussusceptions as acute abdomen. The role of surgery is very controversial. However, it&rsquo;s required to confirm the diagnosis in the presence of extensive intrabdominal disease and to relieve the common presenting symptoms in the presence of acute abdomen. Some Authors argue that Surgery is important in the management of the complications.

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&nbsp; This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with plant extract, either alone or in combination with an organic acid on growth performance, intestinal organ measurements and intestinal microbiology. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain broiler chicken (n=96) were allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet (as a control) (C), (ii) basal diet + organic acid mixture feed (OA), (iii) basal diet + plant extract (PE) and (iv) basal diet + organic acid mixture + plant extract feed (OA+PE). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not improved by supplementation of OA or PE to the diets. Proventriculus, gizzard, hearth, liver, pancreas, abdominal fat and bursa of Fabricious weights were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. OA and PE diets resulted in increased weight and length of duodenum, jejenum, ileum and caceum. However,&nbsp;differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P&gt;0.05).&nbsp; Supplementation of organic acid has positive effect on ileal microbiology. In ileal digesta, LAB and yeast counts were significantly (P&lt;0.001) increased for birds fed OA and PE, whereas&nbsp;Escherichiacoli&nbsp;counts were significantly (P&lt;0.001) decreased in OA group. In conclusion, as OA and PE supplementation had any positive effects on the performance. Ileum microflora of OA supplemented group changed for the benefit of non-pathogenic bacteria, probably due to the decrease in pH levels of ileum.&nbsp;&nbsp;E. coli&nbsp;count was found lower for OA treatment than the other groups. These results indicate that the OA can improve gut health. The products that researched show promising effects, however, further researchers may be useful to understand their effects better. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Broiler, plant extract, thymol, carvacrol, organic acid.

The Site of Inversion of R(–)-Ibuprofen: Studies Using Rat In-situ Isolated Perfused Intestine/liver Preparations

The site of metabolic inversion of R(-)-ibuprofen to the pharmacologically active S(+)-enantiomer has been investigated using an array of in-situ rat perfused organ preparations allowing vascular perfusion (55-60 min) of the separate or combined intestine and liver. After addition of R(-)-ibuprofen (20 mg kg-1 body weight) to the closed (static) lumen of isolated 25 cm lengths of duodenum, jejunum or ileum, and single-pass vascular perfusion, both isomers were measured in the lumen and in vascular perfusate plasma (mean plasma AUC values (+/- s.d., micrograms mL-1 min, n = 5) R(-)-ibuprofen: 1669 +/- 115 (duodenum), 1687 +/- 203 (jejunum), 2061 +/- 188 (ileum); S(+)-ibuprofen: 23 +/- 6 (duodenum), 14 +/- 5 (jejunum), 26 +/- 1 (ileum]. Addition of the same dose of S(+)-ibuprofen to the jejunum (n = 5) resulted in AUC values of 1864 +/- 238 for S(+)-ibuprofen and 6 +/- 3 for R(-)-ibuprofen. After addition of R(-)-ibuprofen (30 micrograms mL-1) to the recirculating vascular perfusate (100 mL) of the entire small intestine (n = 6) AUC values were 1647 +/- 34 for R(-)-ibuprofen and 13 +/- 3 for S(-)-ibuprofen. The same dose of R(-)-ibuprofen to combined intestine/liver (n = 6) and liver only preparations (n = 6) gave AUC values of 1011 +/- 25 and 1021 +/- 49 for R(-)-ibuprofen and 220 +/- 28 and 238 +/- 22 for S(+)-ibuprofen, respectively. In all experiments, except those involving perfusion of the combined intestine/liver and the liver, the concentrations of the isomer opposite to that administered could be accounted for solely by the level of enantiomeric impurity (1.3% for R(-)-ibuprofen and 0.6% for S(+)-ibuprofen). We conclude that inversion of R(-)-ibuprofen to the S(+) antipode occurs in the liver but does not occur on either mucosal or serosal sides of the small intestine of the rat.

Early intervention in intersigmoid hernia may prevent bowel resection—A case report

INTRODUCTIONIntersigmoid hernia is a rare internal hernia presenting with symptoms of bowel obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is uncommon but computerised tomography (CT) may show signs to suggest internal hernia. PRESENTATION OF CASEA 63-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and absolute constipation. Examination revealed a tense distended abdomen. A plain abdominal radiograph showed features of small bowel obstruction. Conservative management was initiated without success and a CT scan was performed which showed a dilated distal oesophagus, stomach and small bowel with a non-dilated length of distal ileum and large bowel. Internal hernia was suggested as a possible cause and the patient underwent a laparotomy where a loop of small bowel was found to be strangulated and gangrenous within the intersigmoid fossa. The gangrenous bowel was resected, an end-to-end anastamosis was performed and the fossa was closed. The patient made an uneventful recovery. DISCUSSIONHernias of the sigmoid mesocolon account for 6% of internal hernias with internal hernias themselves causing between 0.2 and 4.1% of intestinal obstruction. This report presents a case of intersigmoid hernia, a rare internal hernia which should be suspected in patients presenting with acute obstruction, no past surgical history and no external hernia. Patients with these symptoms should receive an urgent CT scan to facilitate early surgery and minimise strangulation and prevent bowel resection. conclusionIntersigmoid hernia presents with acute obstruction, no past surgical history and no external hernia. Urgent CT scanning and early surgery may minimise strangulation, conserve bowel and reduce patient morbidity and mortality.

Evaluation of the bacterial community and intestinal development of different genetic lines of chickens

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of each animal species provides a unique niche for specialized intestinal bacterial communities to thrive, and in poultry this is no exception. However, little is known about how the bacterial community varies among these different genetic lines of chickens, especially of those with various growth rates. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to observe and evaluate the changes in the bacterial community and GIT development of a modern multipurpose strain, high-yield strain, and a historic strain, Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACR), of broilers. All birds were fed a standard nonmedicated corn-soybean meal broiler starter diet ad libitum from 0 to 35 d of age. Intestinal measurements and bacterial analysis of the ileum were conducted at 4, 8, 14, 21, and 35 d of age. Bacterial DNA was isolated from the digesta, and the distribution of bacterial 16S rRNA sequence polymorphisms was analyzed by a combination of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The multipurpose chicks performed the best from 0 to 14 d of age; however, overall performance was similar for the multipurpose and the high-yield broilers. The ACR birds had the poorest performance at all periods measured. The overall relative weight of the jejunum and ileum was not different between the 3 genetic lines, but the ACR birds had the longest relative jejunum and ileum lengths. Furthermore, the multipurpose birds had the longest villi height, whereas the ACR birds had the shortest villi height in the jejunum and ileum at all measuring periods. Based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, the multipurpose and high-yield broilers had similar bacterial communities at all ages. Regardless of the genetic line of broiler, the bacterial community changed with age. Performance, GIT measurements, and bacterial community of the ACR differed compared with the modern broilers. The results indicate that the different genetic lines of broilers have varying rates of intestinal development, which may affect performance and the bacterial community.