Leisure-time Physical Activity Behavior Research Articles

Attitude, Habit Strength, and the Relationship Between Intention and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behavior Among College Students

ABSTRACT According to the dual-process theories, many scholars proposed that physical activity behavior tends to be governed by an interplay of intentional planning and habitual action. The major purpose of this study was to determine the moderation effects of habit strength on the relationship between leisure time moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) intention and behavior and the impacts of cognitive and affective attitude on PA habit strength, utilizing a latent interaction modeling approach. A total of 1803 undergraduate students completed this study. All variables were measured using validated self-report questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and Hayes’ PROCESS program (model 1) were conducted to address the research questions. Habit strength significantly and positively moderated the effects of intention on leisure time MVPA behavior (β = .08, p < .01). The association between intention and PA behavior became stronger as habit strength increased. Affective attitude positively and significantly influenced habit strength (β = .71, p < .01). The effect of cognitive attitude on habit strength was significant and negative with a small effect size (β = –.08, p < .01). Findings indicated that habit strength positively moderated the relationship between PA intention and behavior, suggesting that stronger habit strength may amplify the association between PA intention and actual PA behavior. Affective attitude toward PA significantly influenced habit strength, whereas cognitive attitude exhibited minimal negative impact on habit strength. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction effects between deliberative and automatic processes in regulating PA behavior, as well as the nuanced relationship between attitude and habit development.

The Relationship Between Three Sources of Social Support and Physical Activity Level in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

This study examined how different sources of social support from family members (excluding partners), friends, and partners were associated with moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among middle-aged and older adults. This study included married participants aged 45 or older (N = 2,155) from the Midlife in the United States secondary data set. Hierarchical linear regression was performed to investigate the relationship between the three sources of social support and moderate LTPA, and separately, with vigorous LTPA. Partner support (b = 0.19, p < .01), family support (b = -0.19, p < .01), and friend support (b = 0.26, p < .001) were all significantly associated with moderate LTPA. Only social support from friends was associated with vigorous LTPA (b = 0.24, p < .001). Our study emphasizes the significance of social support in influencing LTPA behaviors among middle-aged and older adults. Future programs promoting physical activity should incorporate social support from friends to have the greatest impact.

Coronary artery calcification and high-volume physical activity: role of lower intensity vs. longer duration of exercise.

While high-volume physical activity (PA) has been linked to elevated coronary artery calcification (CAC), the role of intensity vs. duration of PA has not been investigated. The purpose of the study was to examine the role of intensity vs. duration of PA in relation to CAC. Data are from 23 383 apparently healthy men who completed a PA questionnaire and underwent CAC scanning as part of a preventive examination. Self-reported PA was categorized into four groups of average intensity and weekly duration of PA [average intensity: 1, 3-5.9, 6-8.9, and 9-12 metabolic equivalents of task (METs); weekly duration: 0, > 0-<2, 2-<5, and ≥5 h/week]. Mean CAC and CAC ≥ 100 Agatston units (AU) were regressed separately on continuous or categorical average intensity and weekly duration of PA. The mean (standard deviation) age was 51.7 (8.3) years, and mean CAC was 174.8 (543.6) AU with 23.5% of men presenting with CAC ≥ 100 AU. Higher average intensity of PA was related to lower mean CAC [-3.1%/MET, 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.6, -1.6%/MET] and lower relative risk (RR) of CAC ≥ 100 AU (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.00/MET). Opposite trend was observed for the duration component wherein higher weekly duration of PA was significantly associated with greater mean CAC and RR of CAC ≥ 100 AU. Elevated CAC was associated with lower average intensity and longer duration of PA in men, providing new insight into the complex relationship between leisure-time PA behaviours and risk of CAC.

Joint Effect of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with the Female Urinary Incontinence: An Analysis of NHANES 2011–2016

Introduction: Our study aimed to assess the independent and joint effects of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with urinary incontinence (UI). Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016. The primary endpoint was the risk of different subtypes of UI, including stress UI, urgency UI, and mixed UI. The primary exposures were leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior was assessed by screen time. Weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to observe the independent and joint relationship of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with UI risk (including stress UI, urgency UI, and mixed UI). Results: In total, 6,927 female participants were included in this analysis. 3,377 females did not have UI, 1,534 had stress UI, 836 had urgency UI, and 1,180 had mixed UI. Screen time with ≥5 h/day was associated with increased odds of urgency UI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.31, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.06–1.61), which indicated the relationship of sedentary behavior and urgency UI. Engaging in leisure-time physical activity with of ≥750 metabolic equivalent (MET)·min/week was found to be significantly associated with reduced likelihood of mixed UI (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.85). Additionally, the interaction term of leisure-time physical activity<750 MET·min/week and screen time ≥5 h/day was observed to be linked with increased odds of urgency and mixed UI. Conclusion: Participants experiencing a lower level of leisure-time physical activity and a higher level of sedentary behavior together might enhance the urgency and mixed UI risk.

Multidimensionality of leisure-time physical activity behaviour in adults with spinal cord injury: implications for measurement.

The Physical Activity Recall Assessment for People with SCI (PARA-SCI) has demonstrated the best test-retest reliability and validity of self-report measures of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for adults with SCI. However, the absence of internal consistency reliability data has been raised as a concern. Internal consistency is relevant only for unidimensional measures. In other populations, LTPA is known to be a multidimensional construct, evaluated with multidimensional measures. We tested for unidimensionality through secondary analysis of PARA-SCI data (n = 703). Cronbach's α was 0.227. Principal components analysis showed two components/dimensions ('Moderate and Heavy Intensity LTPA' and 'Mild Intensity LTPA') explained 73% of the variance. Binary logic crosstabulation produced no discernible patterns of behavioural interrelatedness across LTPA intensities. Together, these data demonstrate the multidimensionality of LTPA and the PARA-SCI is not unidimensional. Internal consistency should not be a criterion for evaluating LTPA questionnaires for use in studies of people with SCI.

Investigating the predictors of physical activity behavior among female college students in Saudi Arabia using the theory of planned behavior

Background and Study Aim. Physical inactivity is a major public health concern, particularly among female college students in Saudi Arabia. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) suggests that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) are important predictors of behavioral intentions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the role of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in predicting physical activity intentions among female university students in Saudi Arabia, using the theory of planned behavior as a framework. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 758 female college students from the University of Hafr Al Batin in Saudi Arabia. The measurement tool consisted of Godin-Shephard questions on leisure-time physical activity and theory-planned behavior questionnaires. Results. The study found that perceived behavioral control and attitude were significant predictors of physical activity intentions among female college students. However, subjective norms did not have a significant impact on the predictor variable. Furthermore, there was a statistical effect to predict involvement in physical activity from physical activity intention among female college students.. Conclusions. The study's findings suggest that the theory of planned behavior is a useful framework for understanding and interpreting physical activity intentions among female college students in Saudi Arabia. Interventions that aim to increase perceived behavioral control and positive attitudes towards physical activity may be effective in promoting physical activity among this population.

Occupational and leisure-time physical activity and associated factors among shift-working registered nurses: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundLifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, may help to mitigate the chronic disease and mental health consequences of shift work in nurses at the individual level. The physical activity levels of shift-working nurses and factors that predict physical activity in this population are unclear. ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to describe work and leisure-time physical activity behaviors in shift-working hospital nurses and determine behavioral, biological, or work-related factors that influence physical activity. DesignObservational; cross-sectional. Setting(s)Acute care hospital system. ParticipantsCurrent registered nurses (N = 112) with a shift work schedule (rotating, mixed, or permanent night shift) MethodsOnline validated questionnaires were used to assess work and leisure physical activity levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire); Theory of Planned Behavior constructs (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention) related to physical activity; and morningness-eveningness. Work-related characteristics were also assessed. Structural equation models were examined for the Theory of Planned Behavior constructs. ResultsShift-working nurses reported 227 (±265) minutes/week of leisure-time and 566 (±868) minutes/week of occupational moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Attitude (standardized coefficient = 0.63; p < 0.05) was the strongest predictor of physical activity intention, and intention (standardized coefficient = 0.40; p < 0.05) was a significant predictor of leisure-time physical activity behavior. There were no statistically significant differences in physical activity type and amount between those who identified as “morning”, “intermediate”, or “evening” types. Clinical nurse leaders engaged in statistically significantly less leisure-time physical activity than direct care nurses (703 ± 1142 vs. 1202 ± 1372 MET-minutes/week) (p = 0.013). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that on average, shift-working registered nurses report meeting national physical activity guidelines for leisure and occupational physical activity; however, there is considerable interindividual variability. Theory of Planned Behavior constructs, especially attitude and intention, were significantly associated with leisure-time physical activity but not occupational physical activity, emphasizing the importance of targeting them in interventions to increase physical activity levels among shift-working nurses.

Changes in adult leisure-time physical activity during and after COVID-19 restrictions in Colorado Springs, Colorado

ABSTRACT The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic may have changed leisure-time physical activity (PA) behaviour, as many ‘Stay-at-Home’ policies mandated closure of indoor recreational facilities. This study examined changes in adult leisure-time PA in more and less active groups during and after COVID-19 restrictions in a relatively active region where outdoor PA was not limited. Self-reported data on walking, moderate, and vigorous PA before, during, and after restrictions were collected via a retrospective internet survey with convenience and snowball sampling. Respondents (N = 183) were categorised as either meeting (n = 129) or not meeting (n = 54) the national recommendation of 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic PA (MVPA) during the period before restrictions. Minutes of walking, MVPA, and total PA were compared across groups and periods with two-way repeated-measure ANOVAs. Those who met PA guidelines decreased MVPA by 51.0 minutes/week during restrictions compared to before. Those not meeting PA guidelines increased total PA by 88.1 minutes/week during restrictions. This study highlights a need to better understand interactions between built environment and social cognitive factors related to leisure-time PA, which may help inform future PA interventions.

Combined Effect of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Abdominal Obesity in ELSA-Brasil Participants.

Abdominal obesity is a pattern of obesity that has been considered a public health problem. Physical activity is considered an important factor for the prevention of abdominal obesity. Increased time in sedentary behavior has been associated with negative health outcomes, including abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate which combination of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior contributes most to the prevention of abdominal obesity in adults participating in ELSA-Brasil (Longitudinal Study of Adult Health). The study was cross-sectional and participants from the first follow-up of the ELSA-Brasil cohort (2012-2014) were analyzed. The independent variables were physical activity, assessed by IPAQ, and sedentary behavior, assessed by a standard questionnaire applied in ELSA-Brasil; the dependent variable was abdominal obesity, determined by waist circumference. The covariates analyzed were the following: age, education, binge drinking, smoking and menopause. The associations between the dependent variable and the independent variables were analyzed using logistic regression. The odds ratio with 95 CI% was estimated. For men, the combinations were more significant when they were more physically active and spent less time on the sedentary behaviors analyzed, on both a weekday and a weekend day. For menopausal women, both younger and older, all associations of the combinations between sufficient leisure-time physical activity and little time spent in sedentary behaviors contributed to the prevention of abdominal obesity. In non-menopausal women, positive associations were observed in almost all combinations between leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behaviors, with some results that were not statistically significant among younger women. Our results showed that being sufficiently active and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior was the combination that contributed the most to the prevention of abdominal obesity, both in men and women.

Associations Between Type and Timing of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mental Health in Adolescents and Young Adults.

This cross-sectional study analyzed the association of leisure-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), nonleisure PA and SB, and total PA and SB in different time segments of the day with mental health among Dutch adolescents and young adults. A total of 881 participants aged 16-25years completed an online survey. Mental health was assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5, and participants also reported sex, age, and income. They filled out a questionnaire of types of PA and SB for each hour of the day. Activities were categorized into nonleisure and leisure, during the morning, afternoon, evening, and for the whole day. Participants (52.8% female, on average 20.8y) generally engaged in more leisure-time PA and SB during weekends compared with weekdays, and more nonleisure activities on weekdays. Associations varied between time segments and days of the week. Positive associations of leisure-time and total PA during the whole day and evenings with mental health were observed on weekdays. Total, leisure-time, and nonleisure-time SB were associated with worse mental health. Nonleisure PA was not associated with mental health. Leisure-time PA was found to have a favorable association with mental health, particularly in the evenings of weekdays and afternoons of weekend days. On the other hand, leisure SB was associated with poorer mental health in most of the time segments analyzed, and nonleisure SB in the evenings was also related to worse mental health. The type and timing of PA and SB behaviors play an important role in the relationship with mental health.

The role of leisure-time physical activity in youth for lifelong activity—a latent profile analysis with retrospective life course data

Considering the positive health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), youth is an important life stage to promote lifelong LTPA. However, the stability of LTPA over the life course is low, and specific predictors of LTPA in youth for lifelong activity have some shortcomings, e.g. neglecting the interacting factors of LTPA within individuals. Therefore, from a person-oriented approach, patterns of LTPA behaviour in youth considering time- and context-related aspects and their relationships with lifelong LTPA were investigated. Life course data from n = 1519 Swiss inhabitants aged between 25 and 76 years were recorded retrospectively using a validated questionnaire (CATI method). Latent profile analyses were used to find the optimal profile solution and for the association with lifelong LTPA auxiliary conditional effect models (controlled for age) were applied. Six distinct patterns emerged. Overall, mostly inactive youth are also the least active in adulthood, whereas several other patterns are associated with a mainly continuous LTPA throughout adulthood. More precisely, multiple constellations in youth occurred to be physically active in at least 80% of the years in adulthood: (1) early starters regarding LTPA in a rather self-organised setting but not with many different LTPAs; (2) late entrants with a variety of different activities and organisational settings; or (3) a high expression in every variable investigated. Consequently, there is not just one type of LTPA behaviour in youth linked to lifelong activity, which indicates that certain aspects of LTPA in youth can be compensated by each other. Implications for LTPA promotion can be derived.

Association of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with carotid atherosclerosis morphology: The ARIC carotid-MRI study

ObjectiveWe evaluated the prospective association of midlife leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary behavior (SB), and their temporal patterns, with MRI-measured carotid atherosclerotic morphology. MethodsParticipants enrolled in the Carotid MRI substudy (2004–2006) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and with self-reported assessments of LTPA and SB at visits 1 (1987–1989) and 3 (1993–1995) were included in this study. LTPA was ascertained using the ARIC/Baecke physical activity questionnaire and categorized according to the American Heart Association's metric of poor, intermediate, or ideal physical activity. SB, measured as TV viewing frequency, was categorized as high, medium, and low. We used multivariable adjusted linear and logistic regression models to examine the associations between midlife (visit 3 only) and persistent (visit 1 to 3) LTPA and TV viewing with carotid artery plaque burden and components. ResultsAmong the 1,582 (mean age: 59 years, 43% male, 18% Black) participants, 45.7%, 21.7%, and 32.6% reported ideal, intermediate, or poor LTPA, respectively. High TV viewing was reported in 33.8% of participants, with 46.4% and 19.8% reporting medium or low TV viewing, respectively. Compared to poor LTPA, ideal LTPA in midlife was not associated with total wall volume (ß=0.01, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03), maximum carotid wall thickness (ß=0.06, 95% CI: -0.08, 0.21), normalized wall index (ß=-0.01, 95% CI: -0.03, 0.01), or maximum stenosis (ß=-0.11, 95% CI: -1.98, 1.76). Low or middle, compared to high, TV viewing was also not associated with carotid artery measures of plaque burden. Compared to poor LTPA or high TV viewing, ideal LTPA (odds ratio (OR): 0.82, 95% CI: 0.55, 1.23) and low TV viewing (OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.56, 1.44) was not associated with odds of lipid core presence, respectively. ConclusionOverall, this study does not provide strong evidence for an association between LTPA and SB with carotid plaque measures.

Positive impacts of leisure-time physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness, co-morbidity level, cardiovascular health and quality of life among midlife adults: a cross-sectional study of a Nigerian population

BackgroundRegular physical activity (PA) improves general health and quality of life (QoL) of the general population. It is however not known if leisure-time PA (LTPA) behaviour will reduce co-morbidity and adiposity, and improve cardiorespiratory fitness and QoL in midlife men. This study explored the impacts of regular LTPA behaviour on co-morbidity, adiposity, cardiorespiratory fitness and QoL among male midlife sports club members in a Nigerian population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 174 age-matched male midlife adults: 87 engaging in LTPA (LTPA group) and 87 not engaging in LTPA (non-LTPA group). Information on age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), resting heart rate (RHR), QoL and co-morbidity level was collected using standardized procedures. Data were summarized using mean and standard deviation, and explored using frequency and proportion. Independent t-test, Chi Square and Mann–Whitney U test were employed to determine the impacts of LTPA at 0.05 significance level.ResultsThe LTPA group had lower co-morbidity score (p = 0.05) and RHR (p = 0.004), and higher QoL (p = 0.01) and VO2max (p = 0.003) than non-LTPA group. While heart disease (χ2 = 10.99; p = 0.01) and hypertension (χ2 = 15.24; p = 0.004) severity levels were associated with LTPA behaviour, hypertension (p = 0.01) was the only co-morbid condition that had a significantly lower score in the LTPA group than in the non-LTPA group.ConclusionsRegular LTPA improves cardiovascular health, physical work capacity and QoL in the sample of Nigerian mid-life men. Regular LTPA behaviour is recommended for cardiovascular health promotion, and improved physical work capacity and life satisfaction in midlife men.

Profile of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults in Brazil: a nationwide survey, 2019.

to estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults in Brazil. this was a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in a sample of 88,531 Brazilians, using data from the 2019 National Health Survey; leisure-time physical activity (overall and aerobic exercise) was measured according to the World Health Organization guidelines; the weighted prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of physical activity, physical inactivity and sedentary behavior were estimated. according to the selected sample, 26.4% (95%CI 25.9;27.1) of Brazilian adults were physically active, 14.0% (95%CI 13.5;14.4) were insufficiently physically active and 59.5% (95%CI 58.8;60.2) were physically inactive; sedentary behavior ≥ 6 hours was reported by 30.1% (95%CI 29.5;30.8) of the population; only 8.6% (95%CI 8.2;8.9) met the recommendations for muscle-strengthening activities. most Brazilian adults were physically inactive and did not meet international recommendations for leisure-time physical activity and reduction in sedentary behavior.

Relationship between Regular Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Underweight and Overweight Status in Taiwanese Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the association between regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and various body mass index (BMI) categories in Taiwanese young adults. A total of 10,802 young adults (18-44 years) were enrolled in a national telephone survey. The questionnaire data from this survey included socio-demographic characteristics, zip code of residence, LTPA behaviors, self-reported health status, and self-evaluated anthropometric measurements, which included height, body weight, and BMI. Regular and non-regular LTPA behaviors were defined as follows: (1) Regular LTPA: participants who reported breathing quickly and sweating when participating in 150-300 min per week of moderate-intensity LTPA or 75-150 min per week of vigorous-intensity LTPA. (2) Non-regular LTPA: the rest of the participants. The various BMI categories were defined as (1) underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m2), (2) normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI &lt; 24 kg/m2), (3) overweight (24 ≤ BMI &lt; 27 kg/m2), and (4) obese (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2). When compared with participants with non-regular LTPA, participants with regular LTPA exhibited lower risks of being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 0.837; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.738-0.948) and underweight (OR, 0.732; 95% CI 0.611-0.876). However, there was no significant relationship between regular LTPA and obesity risk when using non-regular LTPA as the baseline after adjusting for potential confounders. The study results revealed that regular LTPA effectively reduced the risks of being underweight and overweight. However, for people with obesity, regular LTPA was unable to significantly decrease their obesity risk.

Home-based Telehealth Movement-to-Music Increases Physical Activity Participation Among Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Pilot RCT

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> Aim 1 was to determine the preliminary efficacy of the early adoption phase of an adult Movement-to-Music (M2M) program with behavioral telecoaching for increasing Leisure-time Physical Activity (LTPA) and activity participation compared with a waitlist control group in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Aim 2 was to qualitatively evaluate factors that influenced engagement and develop a theory that would inform the development of a more targeted M2M telehealth program. <h3>Design</h3> Randomized controlled trial piloting a 4-week M2M program. Participants were recruited randomized into one of two groups: a) M2M or b) waitlist control, which maintained their daily activities before receiving M2M. <h3>Setting</h3> Recruited from the Children's Hospital of Alabama. <h3>Participants</h3> Recruitment of 58 adolescents (10-19 years of age) with cerebral palsy (GMFCS I-V) occurred from September 2020 to September 2021. <h3>Interventions</h3> M2M incorporated music-oriented routines to improve cardiovascular capacity, muscular strength and endurance, range of motion, and general physical function.M2M videos were organized into weekly playlists. Participants were instructed to complete their playlist 3x/week. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Changes in activity and LTPA participation were measured pre to post intervention via the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) total domain scores and active physical recreation domain scores (CAPE-APR), respectively. Changes in scores were compared between groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). A grounded theory approach was used to analyze one-on-one interviews, coaching notes, and feedback surveys. <h3>Results</h3> ANCOVA revealed statistically significant between group differences in pre to post change score for CAPE-Intensity (F (1, 47)=5.63, p = 0.022, effect size=0.11) (a.k.a. volume of activity) and CAPE-APR-Intensity (F (1, 47)=8.76, p = 0.0048, effect size=0.17; a.k.a. volume of LTPA). Estimated marginal means revealed that changes were small, in favor of the intervention group. We developed a theory based on 6 factors that affected engagement. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The project established the preliminary efficacy of a scalable telehealth M2M program for increasing LTPA behavior among adolescents with CP and provides a theory for making additional CP-specific modifications before implementation in a larger trial. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> None to declare.

1182-P: Is Prediabetes Awareness Associated with Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors?

Lifestyle modification –healthy diet and physical activity– can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in adults with prediabetes (preDM) . However, 84% of US adults with preDM are unaware they have it. Whether preDM status awareness is associated with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) levels and dietary intake is unknown. Using data from US adults without DM ≥18 y from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2013-2018, we classified preDM as ‘aware’ (self-report of preDM and 5.7%≤A1c&amp;lt;6.5%, n=456) , ‘unaware’ (no self-report; 5.7%≤A1c&amp;lt;6.5%, n=2,223) , and ‘normoglycemic’ (A1c&amp;lt;5.7% but self-reported as preDM, n=191) . We calculated means or medians for LTPA (self-reported minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week) , dietary intake (total calories, fruit, vegetables, whole grains, added sugars, processed meat, unprocessed red meat from one day of 24-h recall data) , and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015, a marker of overall healthy diet (higher score indicates healthier diet) . Of adults with or reporting preDM, 77.9% were unaware (mean age [years]: 51.2 [standard error, 0.5]; 44.6% [1.4] female; mean BMI: 30.3 kg/m2[0.2]) , 14.3% were aware (mean age: 57.4 [0.9]; 56.5% [2.6] female; mean BMI: 31.8 kg/m2 [0.5]) , and 7.8% were normoglycemic (mean age: 43.6 [1.4]; 71.1% [3.7] female; mean BMI: 30.6 kg/m2 [0.6]) . PreDM-aware and normoglycemic adults consumed less calories (p=0.002) , added sugars (p&amp;lt;0.001) , and unprocessed red meat (p&amp;lt;0.001) than preDM-unaware adults. PreDM-aware and preDM-unaware adults consumed more processed meat than normoglycemic adults (p=0.002) . HEI scores and fruit, vegetables, and whole grains intake were low overall and across groups (all p&amp;gt;0.05) . Mean LTPA levels did not significantly vary across the 3 groups (p=0.22) . Overall, preDM awareness is associated with lower added sugars, red meat, and total overall calories intake, suggesting that efforts to increase awareness may lead to healthier eating among those with preDM. Disclosure K.R.Siegel: None. M.E.Pavkov: None. S.R.Benoit: None. G.Imperatore: None. K.M.Bullard: None.

The longitudinal associations between mental health indicators and digital media use and physical activity during adolescence: A latent class approach

IntroductionEvidence for the relationship between movement behaviors and mental health among adolescents is inconclusive. We aimed to identify profiles of digital media use (including related bedtime delay) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adolescence, and to examine whether preadolescent mental health predicted later behavior profiles. MethodsThis study included 1285 participants assessed at 11 years of age, and followed-up four years later. Participants completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at baseline, and reported digital media use (active and passive use, gaming, and related bedtime delays) and LTPA at follow-up. A latent class approach was employed to identify behavior profiles, membership of which was then predicted with mental health and covariates, including baseline digital media use and LTPA. ResultsWe identified four behavior profiles: 1) high digital media use/moderate LTPA (20% of adolescents; 78% boys), 2) moderate digital media use/high LTPA (31%; 28%), 3) high digital media use/high LTPA (26%; 15%), 4) high passive digital media use and gaming/low LTPA (23%; 89%). After adjusting for covariates, higher LTPA and better perception of athletic competence at baseline associated with higher odds of belonging to any other profile than to the unhealthiest profile (4) at follow-up. Symptoms of depression or anxiety did not associate with later behavior profiles. ConclusionsLTPA and related self-esteem seem to be stronger predictors of future digital media use and LTPA behavior during adolescence than mental health symptoms alone.

Psychosocial determinants of leisure-time physical activity among adults in omdurman city, Sudan: Reasoned Action Approach

ObjectivesThe level of physical activity among adult in Sudan is low. The purpose of this study used the Reasoned Action Approach to investigate the psychosocial determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity Behaviour (LTPA) of Sudanese adults. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study design among adults in Omdurman city in Sudan. MethodsA 378 participants (229 male and 149 female) completed a questionnaire to identify intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control about LTPA and actual behaviour. The relationship between studied determinants were examined using different statistical methods. ResultsIn all participants, 13% had at least 150 min of moderate-intensity LTPA per week. Analysis revealed that intentions (β = 0.26) along with perceived behaviour control (β = 0.19) predicted LTPA and accounted for 12% of the variance in LTPA behaviour. Attitude (β = 0.39), subjective norms (β = 0.18), and perceived Behaviour control (β = 0.11) were associated with intention to perform LTPA. They explained 22% of the variance in intentions. Conclusionconsistent with RAA expectations, determinants of the intentions and LTPA behaviour were identified. Findings suggest interventions promoting LTPA in Sudanese adults should increase intention, create a positive attitude, build conducive social norms and raise the perception of control over the actual LTPA behaviour.

Body image is associated with leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior in adolescents: data from the Brazilian National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2015).

Objective:To evaluate the association of leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior with body image concern and satisfaction in Brazilian adolescents.Methods:Data were extracted from the 2015 Brazilian National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar [PeNSE]). Information regarding body image concern and satisfaction, as well as exposures (physical activity and sedentary behavior) and covariates (maternal education, age, smoking, and alcohol intake), were assessed through a questionnaire.Results:Logistic regression analysis revealed that engagement in recommended levels of physical activity (≥ 300 min/week) was associated with a decreased concern with body image and a high satisfaction in boys. Four or more hours spent in sedentary activities were associated with increased concern with body image and dissatisfaction among boys and girls.Conclusion:These findings support the relevance of programs aiming to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in the adolescent population. Such programs play a protective role against body dissatisfaction and are important for the development of a healthy body image in adolescence.