The federal government issues evidence-based nutrition and physical activity guidance, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity through improved nutrition and physical activity.1,2 These Federal guidelines and the associated implementation and communication strategies that are developed for health professionals, program and policy groups, and the public, aim to promote the consumption of nutrient-dense foods and beverages and regular physical activity to achieve reduction of chronic disease risk and foster health promotion and disease prevention. These Federal guidelines also provide the foundation for Healthy People national health promotion and disease prevention objectives related to nutrition and physical activity and measurable targets to be achieved over a decade.3 In this issue, Smith and colleagues compare the diet and leisure-time physical activity behaviors of active duty military personnel based on the 2005 Department of Defense (DoD) Health Related Behaviors Survey (HRBS) 4 to Healthy People 2010 objectives and Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005 recommendations.5,6