Leisure Motivation Research Articles

Leisure constraints and participant intention among Vietnamese migrant laborers in Taiwan: The role of leisure motivation and cross-cultural adaptation

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between leisure constraints and participation intention, as well as the mediating role of leisure motivation and the moderating role of cross-cultural adaptation. Three hundred and sixty-eight Vietnamese migrant laborers in Taiwan participated in the study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data, and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that leisure constraints were negatively associated with leisure participation intention, although leisure motivation and cross-cultural adaptation were positively associated. Furthermore, leisure motivation mediated the relationship between leisure constraints and participation intention. Moreover, cross-cultural adaptation emerged as a moderator in the interactions between leisure constraints and participation intention, and leisure motivation and participation intention. This study demonstrates the significance of these results for theory, practice, and policy, emphasizing the necessity of addressing leisure constraints and encouraging leisure motivation and cross-cultural adaptation to increase migrant workers’ leisure participation.

Leisure and cultural identity: an empirical study based on root-seeking summer camp for ethnic Chinese new generation.

This study examines the role of root-seeking summer camps in enhancing Chinese cultural identity among the new ethnic Chinese generation (ECNG) amidst the challenges of globalization. Semi-structured interviews with thirty campers revealed that ECNG often lack clear ethnic consciousness, experience conflict in community relationships, and have limited opportunities for traditional cultural experiences. The study found that summer camps exert both intrinsic and extrinsic influences on campers. Intrinsically, they facilitate the internalization of leisure motivation, foster a deepened leisure experience, and promote strengthened leisure interactions. Extrinsically, they provide opportunities for leisure education and cultural immersion. Through this synergy, summer camps enhance the cultural identification of ECNG. However, the study also noted that course enjoyment and teaching staff behavior could influence perceptions of the camp. This study contributes to understanding the relationship between leisure and identity, explaining how summer camp activities enhance ECNG's cultural identity, and offering insights for governments and agencies.

Regression Analysis of Dimensions Event Volunteer Motivation Towards Intention to Volunteer

Volunteerism at events, from small to large-scale festivals such as sporting competitions, is critical to their success. Understanding event volunteers' motivations is crucial for organizers in terms of recruiting, retaining, and managing volunteer resources efficiently. This study aims to examine the relationship between dimensions of event volunteer motivation which include leisure motivation, purposive motivation, egoistic motivation and external influence on the intention to volunteer. Previous studies have found that these multi-dimensional motivational factors are essential for fostering an individual’s decision-making process towards volunteering at an event. Positive effects on volunteer motivation will be analyzed using regression analysis in this research. In general, the results derived from the study will assist event organizers in understanding how their volunteers make decisions about taking part in the festivals they organize as well as designing ways of recruiting, managing and holding onto them for attaining ultimate success during such occasions.

Feeling good means doing good: body appreciation as a predictor of physical activity, fitness, and motivation

The study aimed to investigate the influence of body appreciation on physical activity motivation, physical activity level, and physical fitness among 423 randomly selected state university students. The Body Appreciation Scale-2 was used to quantify body appreciation. For measuring physical activity level, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was utilized. The Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation was also used to quantify physical activity motivation. Various field tests, such as a 3-minute Step test, a 1-minute Push-up test, a Plank test, a Wall sit test, and a Sit and Reach test, were used to assess physical fitness. The questionnaire, scale, and field tests were completed and performed by the participants. The data gathered were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS Version 29. Body appreciation was found to be a predictor of physical activity and leisure motivation for males, females, and all participants. It also predicted the physical activity levels of males, females, and all participants. However, its influence on physical fitness was only found in male participants. Future studies should measure variables using alternative instruments, such as a varied scale for body appreciation, real-time physical activity tracking through wearables and fitness apps, and additional physical fitness components to better assess the influence of body appreciation on physical fitness.

Intrinsic Leisure Motivation and Recreation Experience Preference among Individuals Attending Family Life Centers

Intrinsic Leisure Motivation and Recreation Experience Preference among Individuals Attending Family Life Centers

Examining Motivation to Participate in Hiking Activity among Perlis Community

One of the most popular activities in the world is hiking. Hiking has gained popularity due to its advantage as a type of exercise and relaxation. However, little attention has been paid to the motivation for participating in outdoor activities in Perlis community the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS-28) was used with a total sample size of 200 from the Perlis community. The results indicate that a significant difference in intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to participate in hiking activities was found between the genders in the Perlis community (p<0.001). The results revealed that the female (m=6.55) has higher mean compared to male (m=6.31) for both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Furthermore, this study can provide insights into the desires and expectations of respondents regarding participation in hiking activities. In conclusion, this study can provide the State Government of Perlis with valuable information about the motivational factors that influence the population’s influencing community participation in hiking activities and contribute to improving public health. 6.31male 6.33 female.

Turkish Adaptation of Leisure Motivation Scale: A Sample of Turkish Adolescents Participating in Regularly Physical Activity

In the study, we aimed to evaluate the Turkish adaptation of the leisure motivation scale (LMS-A) for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities. We collected data from 331 people determined by the convenience sampling method, and conducted its Turkish adaptation with three different test phases after we performed Turkish language co-validation of the scale. Firstly, we determined the univariate and multivariate normality levels of the data. In the second stage we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the contextuality of the scale and in the third stage we utilized two types of construct validity, convergent and discriminant to evaluate the validity of the scale. The results revealed that the original structure of the scale fits well in the correlated factors model and best fit the data collected from the Turkish population. These results suggest that the leisure motivation scale could be a valid and reliable measurement tool for adolescents participating in recreational physical activities in Türkiye.

Motivational drivers and Sense of Belonging: unpacking the persistence in Chinese Martial Arts practice among international practitioners.

Chinese Martial Arts (CMAs) have garnered a global following, with their rich historical and cultural heritage transcending geographical and cultural differences, sparking profound interest among an international community. As an increasing number of non-Chinese individuals persist in practicing CMAs, investigating the motivations behind their continued participation has emerged as a compelling question. This study aims to delve deeper into the factors driving international practitioners to sustain their practice of CMAs, thereby broadening our understanding of the global resonance of CMAs. Employing Self-Determination Theory, 226 international CMAs practitioners completed the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale, Perceived Belonging Scale, and Persistence in Practicing CMAs Scale. SPSS 20.0 was utilized for conducting descriptive statistics, common method bias tests, and correlation analyses. Structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS 26.0. Motivation for Practicing CMAs, comprised of enjoyment, mastery, physical condition, psychological condition, and appearance, has a positive impact on Persistence in Practicing CMAs (β = 0.297, p < 0.01). Sense of Belonging also positively affects Persistence in Practicing CMAs (β = 0.268, p < 0.01). The aforementioned variables account for 22.1% of the variance in Persistence in Practicing CMAs. Furthermore, Affiliation, Competition/Ego, and Others' Expectations were found to have no significant correlation with Persistence in Practicing CMAs. The formation of persistence in the practice of CMAs among international practitioners is propelled by their ongoing desire for skill mastery, enjoyment, enhanced physical and mental health, body shape improvement, and a Sense of Belonging. The study reveals that a stronger motivation and Sense of Belonging significantly enhance their commitment to CMAs. Recommendations include that international instructors should center their teaching strategies around the practitioners, helping them to find joy in their practice, achieve skill mastery, and foster the development of physical, mental, and aesthetic qualities, alongside virtues and etiquette. Additionally, building a supportive CMAs community and cultivating a sense of ritual are essential. Such strategies are intended to reinforce practitioners' self-affirmation and group identity, thus boosting their Sense of Belonging and encouraging their continued engagement in CMAs.

Relationship between Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity among Undergraduate Students from a South African University.

Psychosocial factors such as mental health, motivation, and social support are key determinants of behavior that play a significant role in physical activity participation. Limited studies have investigated the relationship between psychosocial factors and physical activity among university students in Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between psychosocial factors and physical activity participation among undergraduate university students at a historically disadvantaged university (HDU) in South Africa. This was a cross-sectional study that used convenience sampling (n = 534, majority female, 53.6% with a mean age of 20.69). The study was conducted through an online, self-administered, and hard-copy, valid questionnaire in September 2022. Data on sociodemographic information were collected. Psychosocial factors were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress-21 Scale for mental health, the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale for motivation, and the Perceived Social Support Scale for social support. Physical activity (calculated as MET-min/week) was assessed using the international physical activity questionnaire in short form. Results revealed that almost a third (29%) of undergraduate students were physically inactive, 31.1% were minimally active, and 39.9% were in the health-enhancing category. Physical activity was positively related to stress (r = 0.11, p < 0.05) and anxiety (r = 0.10, p < 0.05). Motivational factors were positively related to psychological condition and others' expectations (r = 0.10, p < 0.05), and depression and others' expectations (r = 0.11, p < 0.05). Results from this study highlighted that psychosocial factors were related to physical activity participation among undergraduate university students. Psychosocial factors should be considered a coping mechanism when implementing health-promoting strategies.

A Placebo - a strategy to improve physical fitness of normal adolescents: a randomized control trial

Background: The capacity of the placebo effect to affect a range of physiological and psychological characteristics, including strength, endurance, and pain perception. Its use for teenage physical fitness, however, is still largely unknown. Objective: To determine the effects of placebo drink administration on physical fitness among normal-weight adolescents compared to plain water. Methods: This randomized control trial with n=60 adolescents aged 10-19 years, of both genders and normal weight was conducted at Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad from May 2021 to August 2021. Randomization was performed using the envelope method dividing the sample into an experimental group who were given a placebo drink (water + red food colour) and a control group who were given water. Tools used for data collection included the Physical Activity of Leisure Motivation Scale for motivation level determination, the Physical Activity Questionnaire, and four fitness tests including 20 m running, a broad jump, a reach test, and a reduced cooper test. Results: Post-intervention results revealed a significant difference in means for experimental and control groups for reduced Cooper test (P=0.003), pulse rate (p=0.033), and exertion level (p&lt;0.001). post- intervention palms score revealed significantly better results in the experimental group for mastery (p=0.004) physical (p=0.008) and psychological levels (p&lt;0.001). the results also indicate that the experimental group showed a more significant mean difference regarding the affiliation subscale with (p&lt;0.001) and total PALMS score (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Administered placebo drink boosts physical performance by increasing motivational levels and decreasing the exertion of normal-weight adolescents. Keywords: Adolescent; exercise; health; heart rate; placebo; physical fitness; water. IRCT # 20211052405138N1

Leisure Motivation and Sensation Seeking in Paintball

Within the scope of the research in which the sensation seeking behaviors and leisure motivation of individuals participating in paintball activities were determined, it was aimed to shed light on the relationship between the relevant measurement tools. In this context, Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) and Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS) scales were utilized in addition to the personal information form. The data obtained from a total of 154 paintball activity participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics followed by independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Post hoc tests were used for within-group comparisons. The findings show that the participants have high levels of sensation seeking and leisure motivation. On the other hand, it was determined that the sensation seeking and leisure motivation levels of the participants differed with the answers they gave to the questions about gender, age, education level, number of participation in paintball activity, frequency of playing paintball and how many years they have been interested in paintball. At the same time, a low level positive relationship was found between the total scores of the leisure motivation scale and the sensation seeking scale. As a result, it was concluded that participation in activities such as paintball, where the excitement element is at the forefront, has a direct relationship with leisure motivation, and from this point of view, by increasing motivation in leisure, various parameters such as sensation-seeking desire will increase in parallel with this.

Left over from sports: leisure motivation in predicting quality of life in male athletes

Left over from sports: leisure motivation in predicting quality of life in male athletes

Effects of Motivation to Participate in Volunteer Activities among Cosmetology Students on Self-fulfillment and Persistent Participation

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of motivation to participate in volunteer activities on self-fulfillment and persistent participation among cosmetology students and to provide basic data to encourage volunteering in the field of cosmetology.Methods: The survey extended from June 1 to June 10, 2023, and a total of 280 copies were distributed to university students majoring in cosmetology during their 4-year course at a university located in Daegu, Gyeongbuk. After excluding 8 copies, 272 copies were used for final analysis.Results: Among several participation motivations, this study revealed that increasing self-development motivation, purposive motivation, and leisure motivation had a significant positive effect on ability exhibition and purposeful ideal realization. Self-development motivation and purposive motivation had a significant positive effect on persistent participation in volunteer activities, whereas purposive motivation and leisure motivation had a significant positive effect on participation intensity. Further, the results showed that purposeful ideal realization and ability exhibition had a significant positive effect on self-fulfillment and participation intensity.Conclusion: It was confirmed that higher motivation to participate in volunteer activities among students majoring in cosmetology increased their self-fulfillment. Further, a higher rate of persistent participation in activities enhanced purposeful ideal realization in self-fulfillment, and a higher level of ability exhibition increased persistent participation in volunteer activities.

Different mode, different travel? Insights into the travel behavior of e-scooter sharing using credit card big data and a mobile survey in Seoul

Previous studies regarding e-scooter sharing mainly focused on analyzing the risk factors and the socioeconomic characteristics of users. Moreover, these studies had limitations, such as the small amount of data for policy implications and the restricted geographic scope centered on western countries with minimal attention on Asian urban areas. To overcome such limitations, this research has aimed to identify clearer features of behavioral aspects of e-scooter sharing by utilizing credit card big data and conducting a mobile survey amongst users in Seoul including various time slots during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings revealed two peak times for e-scooter sharing during the week with heightened activity on weekends and holidays. It was noted that e-scooter sharing substituted other modes of transportation from midnight to 05:00. The majority of users were men and young people, driven primarily by the motivation for leisure and fun. High levels of patronage and customer satisfaction were identified, but there was a need for fundamental facilities to support sustained usage. Although the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on e-scooter sharing usage, quantifying its extent has proven to be challenging. Weather conditions also influenced usage patterns, which varied across different regions. E-scooter sharing was used both as a complement and substitute for traditional transportation modes depending on specific situations. It was concluded that e-scooter sharing was not viewed as a replacement for cars, but often used to connect with mass transit. Consequently, the sustainability of its services remains a subject of debate.

Tourism as an instrument of economic growth: Empirical exploration at the regional level in Spain

AbstractThis work analyzes the dynamic relationship existing between tourism and economic growth through the use of different indicators to measure tourism activity, according to regional data from Spain taken from 2004 to 2021 that are linked to the NUTS‐2 level of the nomenclature of the territorial units for statistics of the European Union. This is an innovative approach as compared to the majority of existing works analyzing this relationship at a country level. However, it is widely recognized that the contribution of tourism to growth takes place in the form of regional development. By introducing the notion of distance between the dynamic trajectories of the different regions, an analysis of hierarchical clusters was performed, enabling the identification of regional groups having similar behavior in terms of tourism performance and economic growth. In this work, it has been established that the impact of a region's total (national and international) tourism, in terms of both number of tourists and tourism expenditure, is the most appropriate indicator for tourism analysis at a regional level. Furthermore, it identifies the characteristics that are found in tourist regions having a higher level of economic growth, from a tourism perspective: high tourist spending, hotel accommodation, motivation for leisure, longer average stay, the region's orientation towards the tourism industry, and, mainly, the impact of international tourism. Therefore, those responsible for tourism destination management should implement policies that favor the arrival of tourist flows with these characteristics if they intend to promote tourism as an instrument for greater economic growth.

The relationship among intrinsic leisure motivation, social support, and perceived wellness for the people who aged over 65 years

The relationship among intrinsic leisure motivation, social support, and perceived wellness for the people who aged over 65 years

Motives for leisure-time physical activity participation: an analysis of their prevalence, consistency and associations with activity type and social background

BackgroundStudies argue that knowledge about motives for physical activity participation can inform activities, initiatives and interventions to promote physical activity. However, most of these studies are based on small sample sizes and only include participants within a few selected types of PA. Further, they have not examined the consistency of individuals’ motives across different activity types. As a result, this article examines RQ1: the most prevalent motives, RQ2: the association of motives with activity type and social background characteristics, and RQ3: the consistency of motives across different activity types.MethodsWe utilised data from a survey of physical activity participation among 163,000 adult Danes (aged 15 + years). In the survey, the participants were asked about their participation in thirteen activity types and about their motives for practising the activity types they reported to do at least weekly. The motive items were operationalised based on the eight dimensions in the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale (PALMS). We conducted analyses of mean values and standard deviations as well as multilevel regression analyses.ResultsWe identified large differences in the importance of different motives for physical activity participation. The three most important motives were psychological condition (M = 4.54), physical condition (M = 4.48) and enjoyment (M = 4.36). We also found significant associations between motives and activity types in particular, but also between motives and social background characteristics (gender, age and educational level). For instance, we found that compared to running, physical condition was a much less important motive in outdoor activities (b = -3.01), activities on water (b = -2.44) and street sports (b = -2.38). Finally, our analysis showed how individuals’ motives are not consistent across different activity types.ConclusionsOur study contributes to the literature on motives for physical activity participation by using a large sample of individuals and by differentiating motives according to a wide range of activity types. The results underline the need to study motives in relation to activity types, as there are large differences in the prevalence of different motives. Our findings suggest that motives are not consistent across activity types, but rather they develop in an interplay between the individual and the activity type practised.

Chinese Rural Elderly Tourism Motivation Regulation, Trigger and Feedback in the Context to Acquaintance Society

ABSTRACT Chinese society is a local “Acquaintance Society.” This paper takes the rural elderly aged above 60 years old in China as the research object, collects data through in-depth interviews, and adopts the Grounded Theory method, finally the structural dimension and internal mechanism model of rural elderly’s travel motivation were constructed. The results show that: Rural elderly tourism motivated by Local perception motivation, Conventional motivation, “Poor family rich road” consumption motivation, Leisure motivation for travel enjoyment, Emotional motivation of reference groups, Healthy longevity motivation, Conspicuous feedback motivation, Experience motivation after participation, which are composed of eight dimensions. Based on research, the article constructs the mechanism model of rural elderly travel motivation, eight dimensions follow the path: Before Travel Rural Statute →During Travel Experiential Trigger →After Travel Conspicuous Reward, the whole process of elderly participation in tourism activities is analyzed through the action path of Social Influence Theory (SIT). This paper not only gives suggestions for tourism enterprises and Chinese government departments to promote the development of elderly tourism market, but also provides references for the fairness and common prosperity of rural areas under the “Acquaintance Society.”

OPINION LEADERS ON THE INTERNET AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The main features of the influence of opinion leaders (influencers) on the Internet on the consumer behavior of young people are revealed. Theoretical grounds for studying such influence are presented. The leading concept is Paul Lazarsfeld's theory of limited effects of media exposure, including the hypothesis of a "two-stage flow" of information. Approaches to determining the criteria for identifying opinion leaders are considered. A number of classifications are presented. Macro-, micro- and nano-influencers stand out, as well as influencers-experts and influencers-charismatics. The main interests of young people related to accessing content created by bloggers on the Internet have been identified. Entertaining, leisure motivation prevails, but there is also a cognitive, informational aspect. Advertising of goods and services carried out by bloggers has some peculiarities. A significant place is occupied by native advertising. In general, the attitude towards advertising integration of bloggers towards young people is skeptical, but not nihilistic. Young people note that advertising is necessary to support the activities of bloggers. For many of them, this is an occasion to try something new, especially in the field of beauty and self-care. Advertising of bloggers is more credible due to the “similarity of interests”, according to which young people select opinion leaders for themselves.

OPINION LEADERS ON THE INTERNET AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG PEOPLE

The main features of the influence of opinion leaders (influencers) on the Internet on the consumer behavior of young people are revealed. Theoretical grounds for studying such influence are presented. The leading concept is Paul Lazarsfeld's theory of limited effects of media exposure, including the hypothesis of a "two-stage flow" of information. Approaches to determining the criteria for identifying opinion leaders are considered. A number of classifications are presented. Macro-, micro- and nano-influencers stand out, as well as influencers-experts and influencers-charismatics. The main interests of young people related to accessing content created by bloggers on the Internet have been identified. Entertaining, leisure motivation prevails, but there is also a cognitive, informational aspect. Advertising of goods and services carried out by bloggers has some peculiarities. A significant place is occupied by native advertising. In general, the attitude towards advertising integration of bloggers towards young people is skeptical, but not nihilistic. Young people note that advertising is necessary to support the activities of bloggers. For many of them, this is an occasion to try something new, especially in the field of beauty and self-care. Advertising of bloggers is more credible due to the “similarity of interests”, according to which young people select opinion leaders for themselves.