Leisure Experiences Research Articles

HOW GRANDPARENT COUPLES ENGAGE IN FAMILY LEISURE WITH GRANDCHILDREN

Abstract There is limited understanding of how grandparent couples negotiate time with grandchildren. Family leisure is often purposive by being planned, facilitated, and executed by parents or grandparents to achieve goals such as improved interaction, communication, and family cohesion. Moving beyond studies of counting time in leisure, few studies of family leisure have included how people experience leisure as couples. Guided by a life course approach, this qualitative study provides insight to an understanding of the process of family leisure among grandparent couples by examining how both individuals in a couple experience family leisure with their grandchildren. Grandparent couples (n=10) ranged in age from 60 to 75 years old (M=66.8, SD=5.01). The grandparents interviewed were not providing custodial care to their grandchildren. Participants completed individual interviews that were then analyzed at the couple level. Through constructivist grounded theory, this study developed a process model of grandparents’ decision-making that unfolded into four options for engaging in family leisure with grandchildren. The four options included: wanting a grandparent fix, going with the flow when invited by children, hosting grandchildren in their homes, and meeting expectations for family gatherings. Grandparent couples often described more than one option of family leisure based on their life course dimensions (i.e., individual, family, and sociohistorical). Implications for application in the fields of recreation and family sciences will be discussed.

지체장애 청소년의 여가 생활 경험

Purpose: This study investigated how adolescents with physical disabilities spent their leisure time and what their leisure time meant to themselves.
 Methods: To look at the adolescents’ leisure experiences, five adolescents with cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, or muscular dystrophy participated in this study. The interviews with them were qualitatively collected and analyzed.
 Results: The results of the study were as follows. First, the adolescents recognized leisure with a positive attitude, but the adolescents had a passive attitude toward the attempt to try to engage in new leisure activities. Second, the adolescents believed that their social skills and self-reliance through leisure activities were enhanced. Moreover, the adolescents had a chance to prepare for exploration of aptitude as well as their future jobs through leisure activities. Third, the adolescents had diverse difficulties in participating in leisure activities due to their physical restrictions. Therefore, they requested more human and mobility support.
 Conclusion: Facilitation of leisure activities, activation of leisure programs, and opportunity to participate in leisure with peers are required for the adolescents with physical disabilities so that they might participate in leisure activities.

Female domestic work and social changes in a Brazilian fiction film: insights about the reflective dividend

ABSTRACT This article aims to examine the reflexivity of the audience for the film The Second Mother, focusing on the social and gender relations constituted, in Brazil, around paid female domestic work. The methodology of this study articulates both filmic and audience discourses. It is based in a reception analysis and considers some films as part of what might be called “the reflective dividend,” a sector of leisure experience which enhances personal and social consciousness about society as an object, and politics as a means to achieve social change. The results of this audience study show the oppressions, either veiled or explicit, that are still practiced today by employers against domestic workers, and by men against women. This article can motivate scholars from different areas to deepen knowledge about the potential of leisure to provide learning, especially in the context of entertainment media. The article contributes more broadly to feminist media studies by examining how class and gender are problematized in a film about social relations and paid domestic work, highlighting the daily implications of this issue for power relations in unequal societies like Brazil.

The relationship between cognitive reserve focused on leisure experiences and cognitive functions in bipolar patients

Bipolar disorder (BP) is characterized by cognitive decline. Individual differences exist in maintaining cognitive function due to daily physical activity and sleep. We examined the relationship between leisure experiences as proxies for cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive function in patients with bipolar disorder after adjusting for daily physical activity and sleep.The CR of patients with BP (n = 24) and healthy study controls (HC) (n = 24) was assessed using premorbid IQ, years of education, and leisure activity history. Performance-based neuropsychological tests were performed to evaluate cognitive function. A self-reported scale was used to assess resilience. Physical activity and sleep were measured using an activity meter.Verbal fluency, story memory, and verbal memory were significantly positively correlated with the kinds of leisure experiences in patients with BP. A hierarchical regression analysis accounting for confounding factors showed that verbal fluency and memory were associated with the kinds of leisure experiences. Neither years of education nor resilience were significantly associated with neuropsychological scores.Various leisure experiences in patients with BP are associated with higher language-related cognitive functioning. Engaging in various leisure experiences may affect higher cognitive functions related to language.

Leisure and social occupational choice within nursing home facilities in Ireland: Residents perspectives

Background National standards for nursing homes in Ireland require that residents are offered a choice of recreational and stimulating activities to meet their needs and preferences. Aims/Objectives To investigate residents’ perceptions of leisure and social occupational choice in nursing homes in Ireland to determine if occupational choice is facilitated. Materials and method Qualitative-descriptive design – nursing home residents completed two semi-structured interviews that explored their experiences of leisure and social occupational engagement. Results Two overarching themes with six associated sub-themes emerged. From residents’ perspectives, social and leisure occupational choice was dependent on: Environmental factors (nursing homes’ Cultural, Social, Physical, and Temporal Environments) and Personal factors (residents’ Health Status and Personal Attitudes). Conclusion The cultural environment had the most significant influence on residents’ leisure and social occupational choice, highlighting the importance of person-centred care within nursing homes, to promote occupational choice. Resident’s health status was also identified as a contributing factor. Significance Occupational therapists could play a critical role in supporting the leisure and social occupational choices of nursing home residents by developing residents’ skills, educating staff and adapting tasks and the environment to limit/reduce occupational deprivation.

Online festival experiences, eventscapes and cultural value: insights on the dilemmas faced by two South African festivals during COVID-19

ABSTRACT As in many countries, lockdown measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa resulted in the large-scale cancellation of cultural festivals. To preserve business continuity, many festivals shifted to online events to continue providing value for audiences, sponsors and artists. This paper focuses on the experiences of two of the oldest and largest mixed festivals in the country: The National Arts Festival and the Klein Karoo Nationale Kunstefees. Both festivals adapted by shifting online, necessitating significant programme, business model, and management innovation. Using the framework provided by the literature on visitor leisure experiences and e-eventscapes, the paper questions how arts festivals have achieved new e-eventscapes alongside providing online cultural programming. The paper uses a mixed methods research approach to analyse the experiences of festival managers and audiences in the differing approaches developed by the two festivals. Theoretical and practical implications from the study are discussed in the conclusions.

Negotiating intensive mothering and the gendered politics of active leisure among first time mothers in Canada

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate the meanings and experiences of active leisure among first time mothers. The connection of first time mothers’ experiences to broader concepts such as intensive mothering, social policy, and neoliberalism are also examined within the context of their well-being. Using narrative analysis, 27 interviews were conducted with nine first time mothers participating in three in-person interviews over three months. Five stories were constructed that call attention to the importance of social relationships in creating opportunities for active leisure participation as well as confronting challenges related to the first time mothers’ recovering post-partum bodies. The findings from this study are important to consider for prospective first time mothers and those who wish to support them (e.g. academics, policymakers, sport, leisure, health and social service professionals) as the transition to motherhood may be marked with social isolation, depression, and a need to be connected to others.

Fanship as a Form of Liminoid Leisure

Utilizing Turner’s (1974a) theoretical framework of liminoidity, this research analyzes leisure experiences by Harry Potter fans visiting the Wizarding World of Harry Potter in Orlando, Florida. Liminoid experiences are broadly characterized by leisure, individualization, continuously reoccurring nature, and do not require society-wide participation or personal transformation (Turner, 1974a). This phenomenological research employed qualitative methods to explore the structure of liminoidity in leisure experiences and extend Turner’s concept of spontaneous communitas and play. The author puts forth the Liminoid Leisure Experience Model to describe the processes of liminoid leisure experiences. Findings are transferrable and generalizable across fan communities.

Enhancing university students’ academic self-efficacy: the roles of leisure experience, nostalgia, and positive emotions

ABSTRACT Although leisure participation has been recognized as an essential life domain that contributes to university students’ lives and education, only a paucity of research has focused on the effects of past leisure experiences on education among university students. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of post-leisure experiences and their impact on education among university students. Specifically, the relationships among memorable leisure experience, nostalgia, positive emotions, and academic self-efficacy were examined. Results of a survey administered to 389 students at a university in Singapore revealed that memorable leisure experience had positive effects on nostalgia and positive emotions towards leisure activities. Furthermore, nostalgia had a positive influence on positive emotions towards favourite leisure activities, which affected university students’ academic self-efficacy. The findings showed that memorable leisure experience played significant roles in influencing university students’ academic self-efficacy. The findings provide empirical support to the existing body of research on nostalgia.

Fear City, Cop City and Other Tales, a Call for Police Research

It has been noted that crime and enforcement are likely a defining part of an evolving leisure experience. The aims of this manuscript were to call for research to focus on this phenomenon of the shooting and killing of people, particularly Black citizenry, by law enforcement. State sanctioned violence has been consistently wrought in leisure spaces and settings since those 2014–2015 deaths that were noted previously in the Leisure Sciences article, “The Case of the 12-year-old Boy: Or, the Silence of and Relevance to Leisure Research”. An understanding of policing, not police officers, and an understanding of society, not social behavior are the needs in the research of a legitimate phenomenon that occurs within the space, time, and activities of leisure, sport, and tourism.

Flirting with Death: Finitude, Tradition, and Leisure during the COVID-19 Pandemic

In this hermeneutic phenomenological study I explored and interpreted the lived experiences of leisure of 11 African women immigrants living in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic before the availability of vaccines. Gadamer’s theory of hermeneutic experience and Aristotle’s leisure philosophy afforded the philosophical bedrock. In-depth, online interviews were augmented with visual methods. After the initial shock of multidimensional loss as pandemic restrictions took hold, women quickly regrouped and were both courageous and resilient. They turned to their Christian faith to sustain them, making do with online services and finding solace in worship. The family circle sustained, and the home became a hive for leisure. Creative leisures were enthusiastically engaged in, and gardening, cultivating, and harvesting were essential to well-being. Through it all, the African ethic of ubuntu permeated their way of being and uplifted them even in the presence of plague and death.

The leisure practice of the youth in the “Gigante Crocodilo Prime” in Brazil

The sound systems are mega-structures of electronic equipment used to liven up the parties held mainly on the outskirts of Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil, being recognized as a cultural element, typical of this region and are mostly attended by young who are in the age group of 15 to 29 years old. The aim was to investigate the relationships established by young people during their leisure practices with the “Gigante Crocodilo Prime” sound system of Belém do Pará. The methodology has based on the qualitative approach and consisted of observing the leisure experience of young people in the context of sound system parties, and the data were analyzed by means of the content analysis technique, with the support of the NVivo software. It has been concluded that young people attend the sound system parties to develop a lifestyle taken by technology. Thus, the success and the effervescence of the sound system parties within the context of the outskirts of the city occur due to the development process of the parties themselves, which make their regulars being taken by a sort of sound frenzy that make them feel as if their bodies were being summoned to such venues.

스크린골프 동호회 참가자의 여가경험과 가치지향성에 관한 탐색적 연구

This study aims to investigate the leisure experiences and value orientations of participants in a screen golf club using a qualitative research method called the constant comparison method. A total of 8 screen golf club members in Chungcheong Province participated in this study, selected based on theoretical sampling. The data collected for this study were analyzed using the constant comparison method, which is commonly used in qualitative research. The findings are as follows. Firstly, the participants’ leisure experiences in screen golf were characterized by the symbolism and accessibility of golf, as well as constraints on women’s leisure. Secondly, the participants’ value orientationsin screen golf were manifested through the pursuit of victory and quantified competitiveness, as well as interpersonal relationships.

Retracted: Characteristics, Experience, and Enlightenment of Leisure and Sports Policy and Public Health Development in Developed Countries.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9162584.].

Category versus labeled magnitude scale measures of immediate conscious leisure experiences: Engagement, immersion, and absorption

We developed and validated single-item category (CAT) and labeled magnitude (LM) scales of three recalled immediate conscious leisure experiences: engagement, immersion, and absorption. These minimally invasive scales are suitable for use in experiments, surveys, and evaluations in the travel and leisure industries. The CAT scales followed a familiar Likert-type format, while the LM scales involved calibration by 169 judges using two modalities (drawing lines of differing lengths and providing numeric magnitude judgments) to establish empirically determined ratio-scaled distances among seven modifiers (not at all, slightly, somewhat, quite, very, greatly, and extremely). We collected 3,821 experience observations from 621 visitors to entertainment, recreation, and tourism venues using both scales. Theoretical determinants and results of engagement, immersion, and absorption were measured. Results supported the validity of both scales. LM measures are preferred because they reduced halo effects, generated greater variance, and provided ratio-level measures of intensity of the three immediate conscious experiences.

Exploring Adaptive Cycling Interventions for Young People with Disability: An Online Survey of Providers in Australia.

Adapted cycles offer young people with disability a fun way to participate in over-ground cycling, but little is known about current practices to train and sustain cycling in this group. This study aimed to describe interventions used to introduce adaptive cycling to young people with disability and explore barriers and facilitators to adapted cycle use. A cross-sectional online survey was distributed among Australian allied health, education and recreation providers through targeted advertizing and snowball methods. Data were analysed using mixed methods and reporting was guided by the CHERRIES and CROSS checklists. There were 107 respondents with n = 90 (84.1%) who fully completed the survey. Respondents worked with riders who had cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disabilities and movement impairments. Adaptive cycling interventions were customized according to a rider's goals, needs and resourcing. The training of cycling skills included "an eclectic mix" of experiential learning, individual goals, task-specific training and holistic practice models. Diverse factors impacted cycling participation, with opportunities reliant on access to a supportive environment, including a suitable adapted cycle. This study found that providers viewed adaptive cycling as a therapeutic or active leisure experience within protected traffic-free environments. Strategies to extend adaptive cycling opportunities into the community are required.

Analysis of intermediary variables in the market image identity influencing on experience willingness about micro-vacation destinations

Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, vacation tourism presents a new trend of short-term and short-range, and the traditional multi-day light luxury entertainment vacation has gradually transformed into micro-vacation. Micro-vacation tourism is a new tourism type. This paper complements the "cognition-emotion-overall" three-dimensional model of tourist destination image perception, and considers tourists' feelings in the early, middle and late stages of tourism into the overall framework of micro-vacation tourism destination perception, aiming to clarify the relationship between the image perception of micro-vacation destination and tourists' experience intention, and find out the decisive factors that affect tourists' travel intention through the perception of tourism destination image. Taking the tourism market of Lihuayu eco-tourism resort as the research object, this paper analyzes the micro-tourism market and construct a research model with the cognitive image, emotional image and overall image of the micro-vacation destination as intermediary variables. The findings: the influence of image perception and experience intention of micro-tourism destination is complex and multidimensional. The five dimensions of micro-vacation tourism motivation, micro-vacation tourism preference, cognitive image of micro-vacation tourism destination, emotional image of micro-vacation tourism destination and overall image of micro-vacation tourism destination all have direct or indirect influence on consumers' intention to experience micro-vacation. The micro-vacation market is dominated by weekend short-distance self-help travel. The micro-vacation tourists attach importance to the quality of leisure experience and tend to obtain tourism information from new media platforms.

“From the city of mango trees to the city of concrete”: study on urban public green leisure areas in Belém (Pará, Brazil)

The Urban Public Green Areas (UPGA) in the Amazon represents a small environmental and cultural sample of different spaces and ways of traditional populations life’s and cities in the region. Although, such areas have been under pressure from urban expansion, and in some cases, they do not meet the citizens needs and use of these spaces for leisure. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the distribution, access and reduction of urban public green areas for leisure in Belém. The qualitative-quantitative methodology uses bibliographic and documental research, based on official data on demography and geolocation. The data were submitted to three indicators calculation, namely: Territorial Proportion of Vegetation Coverage Indicator, Vegetation Coverage per Inhabitant Indicator and, within UPGA scope, the Territorial Distribution of Leisure Spaces Indicator. As a result, it was possible to verify that Belém has been progressively losing green areas. In the reduction in UPGA, a significant difference in distribution was also identified, either due to the absence of quality spaces or due to inadequate infrastructure and access. In this way, the leisure practices and sociability in these spaces have been made impracticable, and the population has started to resort to other leisure experiences, which are often nature disconnected.

An examination of the stability of the remembering self when measuring social connection derived from a shared leisure experience

Social connection has been identified as a public health priority, and is often positioned, in various forms, as an outcome of leisure experiences. In cases of assessing the hedonic quality of experiences, research has identified a relative permanence and stability in the remembering self; however, whether the same is true when measuring social connection is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether recall of social connection after a structured, shared leisure experience changed over time. We compared assessments of social connection among a sample of 68 adults immediately following four structured, shared leisure experiences and again four weeks later. Using multiple statistical tests (e.g., intraclass correlation and variance components analyses), findings indicate that although mean connection scores decreased from time one to time two, this decrease was not significant. Thus, the remembering self appears to remain relatively stable when measuring connection.

Equity, identity, and representation in outdoor recreation: ‘I am not an outdoors person’

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the recreational experiences of African American residents in Hillsborough County, Florida at varied levels: institutional, recreational, and personal. To investigate the intricacy of perceptions and experiences among African Americans in the context of outdoor recreation, the first author used qualitative methods to provide in-depth investigation into African American residents’ perceptions of recreation in Hillsborough County, Florida. Our analysis revealed four overarching themes: 1) Racialised Outdoor Leisure Identity, 2) Representation Matters, 3) Recreational Constraints and Opportunities, and 4) Equity in Leisure Experiences. The findings of this study add to the literatures on outdoor leisure identity and recreation of African Americans and their perceptions of outdoor identity, why representation matters, how safety constraints are negotiated, especially among women respondents, and of residents’ perceptions of equity within their parks.