Legitimate Power Research Articles

Leadership Communication Style and Teacher Work Culture towards Collaborative Management

Limitations of the leader's communication style with work performance, teacher job satisfaction, teacher commitment, and teacher motivation and teacher ability as a positive work culture have yet to show collective participation. The existence of harmony between theoretical expectations and reality urges a review to analyze leadership communication styles and teacher work culture towards collaborative management. The research method used is quantitative with a descriptive plan. The subjects were teachers and school leaders, totaling 310 respondents. Supervised data collection techniques by developing instruments based on research indicators. Technical analysis using SPSS Version 26.0 with correlation analysis. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of the principal's basic tendency to power, the basis of expert power, the level of the basic tendency of the principal's coercive power, the level of the basic tendency of the principal's legitimate power, the principal's supervisory communication style, the teacher's work culture, the level of teacher competence, an organizational structure with a level of collaborative management at the level. The research conclusions show a negative and significant relationship between the age of leadership in secondary schools, the education level of school principals, and the level of collaborative management. The implications of this research can provide a positive picture and impact for leaders to communicate and collaborate massively and actively with teachers.

History and features of formation of the system of civic-patriotic education in Trans-Dniester in condition of an unrecognized state

Civic-patriotic consciousness and education is an integral element of any state claiming sovereignty and independence. With its help, the self-awareness of the population is formed, trust in the authorities and the state, and the legitimacy of power is ensured. The imperatives of the concept of civil-patriotic education in states with a “deficit” of international recognition, history of statehood, and financial resources actualize the mobilization nature of civil-patriotic ideology and its differentiation into the mother state and the patron state. This ideological position is relevant for Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Nagorno-Karabakh and Trans-Dniester, where the patron state (represented by Russia) is the support of the unrecognized state in ideological opposition to the mother state. In the article the history of formation and development of the system of civic-patriotic education in Trans-Dniester is viewed. It is closely connected with the history of the development of state, the construction of national security system and emerging threats to the statehood of the self-determined republic. The research was carried out using methods of historical, historical-political analysis, essential-substantive, chronological and system-structural methods. Analysis of civic-patriotic education in Trans-Dniester showed that it is a complex system of legal, institutional and functional elements that are closely included in the national security system of the Trans-Dniester Moldavian Republic.

Power in mixed martial arts (MMA): a case study of the ultimate fighting championship (UFC)

ABSTRACT This study analyses and explains how the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) acquired and retains monopoly and monopsony power over Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) in a complex political, legal, regulatory, and financial context. A qualitative and interpretive approach to research underpins a thematic analysis of social media and journalistic content alongside a review of a limited academic literature. It is found that the UFC has acquired and retained monopoly and monopsony power in a context of weak regulation, limited competition, ineffective legal and political intervention, and an absence of unionisation. The three key strategies employed by the UFC to sustain power over MMA were found to be 1. control of athlete labour via restrictive contracts; 2. acquisition of competitor promotions, expertise, and commercial contracts; and 3. building reputation and legitimacy via public relations and lobbying activities. The UFC has employed a combination of legitimate, referent, reward, expert, informational, and coercive power to become the dominant organisation in MMA.

Controversy and Voluntarism Among the Elite: An Ethnographic Study of the Sufi Community in Cibingbin, Indonesia

This article explores the intricate dynamics among Sufi elites in Cibingbin, highlighting the significant tensions within this distinctive group. The Sufi community is deeply divided, engaging in intense debates and frequent confrontations with each other. Central to these disputes are issues surrounding the Nasab dialectics, an ideology associated with the habaib that stresses the concept of voluntarism among the Sufi elite. These internal debates are most intense between the habaib faction, known as Kanzus Sholawat Cibingbin, and the local religious authorities, referred to as Kyai Kampung. As each group digs in and solidifies their doctrinal positions, the struggle for dominance in the public sphere becomes more pronounced. This phenomenon, which aligns with Habermas's theories regarding the legitimacy of power in public spaces, has unexpectedly fueled the momentum of the Laskar Walisongo movement. Despite the apparent weakening of the habaib's defensive stance, both the habaib and the Kyai Kampung have maintained considerable local influence. The ongoing power struggle highlights the complex interplay between belief, influence and control within this segment of the Sufi community. Ultimately, they have made public spaces an arena not just for collective imagery, but also the most vital part of the organisation’s sustainability or spirit.

Enhancing physical layer security with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and friendly jamming: A secrecy analysis

Despite its numerous advantages in enhancing wireless systems’ reliability and secrecy performance, the implementation of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is faced with several challenges, such as optimizing RIS phase-shift configuration to maximize the secrecy performance, particularly in multi-antenna and jamming-aided communication systems, and with the presence of phase quantization errors (PQEs) impairment due to the finite precision. Furthermore, it is crucial to provide an analytical evaluation for RIS-and-jamming-aided multi-antenna schemes. In this paper, the secrecy of a dual-hop wireless communication system, assisted by an RIS in each hop, is quantified. In particular, a multi-antenna relay assists the source node’s communication with a multi-antenna destination. Under the presence of PQEs and several eavesdroppers in the second hop, an RIS splitting technique into equal-size areas, along with friendly jamming, is used to maximize the received legitimate signal power at the relay and destination nodes and disrupt the eavesdroppers. The scheme’s secrecy level is evaluated by deriving novel approximate and asymptotic expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) metric in terms of the main network parameters. Results show that the secrecy is significantly enhanced by increasing the jamming power, the number of reflective elements (REs), or the number of antennas at the relay. In particular, an SOP of 10−6 is reached with 2 receive antennas at the relay and destination, 25 REs per each RIS zone, and −30 dB of normalized jamming power-to-noise ratio even when the legitimate links’ average normalized signal-to-noise ratios are less than the eavesdropper’s one (i.e., strong eavesdropping). It is also shown that the number of quantization bits does not influence the secrecy when exceeding 3 bits. Lastly, the increase in the number of eavesdroppers does not yield a significant secrecy loss.

Built on Women’s Bodies: An Author’s Response

Across the twentieth century, police were the enforcers of public space, determining which women would be targeted as problems to solve. Sexual policing—the targeting and legal control of people’s bodies and their presumed sexual activities—was considered a marginal and degraded use of public resources, maligned by officers and residents alike. And yet, amid the recurring crises of legitimacy for police during the scandalous enforcement of Prohibition and the social uprisings of the 1960s, the contested practice of sexual policing was also central to the legitimization and legalization of police power. The Streets Belong to Us is a spatial history of the development of urban police regimes as embattled authorities fought to seize and consolidate power. But embedded in that work is an argument that the formation of police power—like the formation of cities themselves—cannot be understood without accounting for gender and the interlocking hierarchies of race, class, and sexuality that make gender meaningful. Focusing on sexual policing, the most historically gendered arena of law enforcement, from Prohibition in segregated Jim Crow to the rise of broken windows policing in the gentrifying 1980s, I argue that police power and the modern city were built on women’s bodies.

KINERJA APARATUR KELURAHAN DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN BANJARBARU UTARA DALAM PELAYANAN PUBLIK

Public service is a form of a country's responsibility to its citizens, which implicitly is the ability of the bureaucracy itself as a public servant who has the legitimate power to regulate society fairly and wisely. To provide excellent service by the government bureaucracy, of course one of the important indicators to build is establishing the performance of government organizations that are able to provide excellent service so that the public feels well served. The aim of this research is to find out how the sub-district apparatus in the North Banjarbaru District of Banjarbaru City performs in public services. The type of research used is policy research with a qualitative descriptive type. The results of the research show that the dimensions of quality of service work are not yet optimal regarding the mastery of expertise and skills in the field of work for the apparatus. Representatively, in the knowledge dimension, there is a tendency such as social programs that are still not on target. Representatively, in the knowledge dimension, there is a tendency such as social programs that are still not on target. The reliability of the reliability dimension regarding apparatus work discipline, service certainty, rights and obligations as well as conditions regarding service comfort need to be re-evaluated. Implementation of the dimensions of presence and cooperation intensity is still not good internally by the sub-district and community members.

Cultural policy and the politics of display. The establishment of the opera house in Oslo

ABSTRACT How can we understand governments’ willingness to make large investments in iconic cultural buildings? What does this trend tell us about governments’ cultural policy interests and priorities? In this article we illuminate these questions based on a study of the framing of the political decision-making processes associated with the establishment of the Opera House in Oslo, Norway. Theoretically, we draw on Hans Abbing’s reflections on the ‘politics of display’. As developed in this article, the concept of politics of display draw attention to the representative role accorded to art and culture in cultural policy and the role of cultural policy in the legitimation of government power. The political debate on the Opera House, we show, was framed from the outset as a matter of politics of display, as politicians highlighted the goal of creating identification with national institutions among Norwegians and a desire to increase Norway’s international prestige. One conclusion we draw from the study is that the trend for investments in iconic cultural buildings should make researchers attentive to the politics of display as an important driving force in cultural policy. Another conclusion is a call for researchers to be attentive to the national dimension of cultural policy.

Gender diversity and environmental activism: Gender discrimination or socialisation?

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the association between different executive roles taken by women and environmental shareholder activism at the shareholder proposal filing stage and the withdrawal stage. Building on gender socialisation theory and the managerial power perspective, and with 2350 firm‐year observations from Standard and Poor's (S&P) 1500 companies in the United States for the years 2010–2018, we find that environmental activists display a greater propensity to target firms led by women CEO–Chairs at the shareholder proposal filing stage, while no significant preference is observed towards general women directors or CEOs. To explore the rationale behind this preference—whether it stems from gender discrimination or socialisation—we extend our investigation to the withdrawal stage and identify a significantly positive influence from both women CEOs and CEO–Chairs, with the influence from CEO–Chairs being more pronounced. We postulate that both the managerial power and women's socialised traits (such as being more altruistic, collaborative and communicative) are plausible explanations for this gender effect, and women without substantial legitimate power in environmental matters are unable to exert a significant impact.

WORKPLACE POWER AND JOB PERFORMANCE: IMPLICATIONS FROM AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES IN NIGERIA

This study determined effects of workplace power on job performance with its implications for Agricultural Universities in Nigeria. Two hundred and twenty seven (227) employees were randomly drawn from the selected universities through multistage sampling procedure. The mean age of the employees was 38 years, while most of the employees were mostly male (60.8%). Results indicated that the overall job performance was significantly influenced by expert (b = 0.287, p<0.01) and legitimate power (b = -0.279, p<0.05) in studied educational organizations. It was clearly concluded from the study that superior officers have considerable professional experience to manage workplace power through which subordinates were made to do their work better. This professional expertise of the line officers positively enhanced employees’ job performance. This study recommended that, policy that will ensure transparency in all administrative procedures be put in place to enhance thriving of legitimate power within organizations.

The Spondylus beads from El Molino (Puerta de Corral Quemado, Catamarca, Argentina): Analysis and implications for the study of local power in Inka times

The purpose of this paper is to present the analysis of a set of Spondylus beads found in El Molino (Puerta de Corral Quemado, Dept. of Belén, province of Catamarca, Argentina) –3000 km south of Tumbes–, a local residential pre-Inka site, with evidence of Inka influence during the 15th century CE. Given that the presence of objects manufactured in Spondylus in Chile and Argentina is nearly restricted to the capacochas −Inka burial ceremonies of children and young maidens dressed in fine textiles at the top of the snow-capped peaks of the Andes−, the discovery of these beads in El Molino acquires special relevance. We present the description of the raw material, the reconstruction of possible manufacturing techniques, the analysis of the morphometry and the comparison with other sets of beads. The implications of this discovery at a local and regional scale, taking into account the symbolic and strategic importance of this resource for the Inka expansive policy, are discussed. It is proposed that the site could have been a space of local power, where an elite group, that organized the manufacture of prestigious goods, was benefited by the mechanisms of hierarchization and legitimation of political power promoted by the state.

Managing under austerity: a qualitative study of management–union relations during attempts to cut labour costs in three South African public hospitals

PurposeIn this paper, the authors examine the strategies used to reduce labour costs in three public hospitals in South Africa, which were effective and why. In the democratic era, after the revelations of large-scale corruption, the authors ask whether their case studies provide lessons for how public service institutions might re-make themselves, under circumstances of austerity.Design/methodology/approachA comparative qualitative case study approach, collecting data using a combination of interviews with managers, focus group discussions and interviews with shop stewards and staff was used.FindingsManagement in two hospitals relied on their financial power, divisions between unions and employees' loyalty. They lacked the insight to manage different actors, and their efforts to outsource services and draw on the Extended Public Works Program failed. They failed to support staff when working beyond their scope of practice, reducing employees' willingness to take on extra responsibilities. In the remaining hospital, while previous management had been removed due to protests by the unions, the new CEO provided stability and union–management relations were collaborative. Her legitimate power enabled unions and management to agree on appropriate cost cutting strategies.Originality/valueFinding an appropriate balance between the new reality of reduced financial resources and the needs of staff and patients, requires competent unions and management, transparency and trust to develop legitimate power; managing in an authoritarian manner, without legitimate power, reduces organisational capacity. Ensuring a fair and orderly process to replace ineffective management is key, while South Africa grows cohorts of competent managers and builds managerial experience.

Defeat on Display: The Public Abuse of Usurpers and Rebels in Late Antiquity

Abstract: This paper examines the treatment of deposed emperors, defeated usurpers, and other political malcontents in Late Antiquity. During the period, such individuals, or their corpses, were occasionally displayed before the public in some of the major cities of the Roman Empire. While this phenomenon has attracted comparatively little attention in the historiography, this paper demonstrates that it can tell us much about late antique society. By studying these displays in detail, it explores the traditions and practices from which they emerged, how their nature and functions evolved over time, and the extent to which they affected the empire's inhabitants. Ultimately, the paper argues that their development during the period reflects a more autocratic political culture but one which still valued and solicited popular participation in the legitimization of power.

Democracy in China?

Abstract On what basis can the People’s Republic of China remain a legitimate regime? Its current legitimacy rests on an increasingly distant Revolution. It cannot reasonably hope to sustain this by seamless practical success in government. Is there an oecumenical criterion for legitimate political power or is all legitimacy just de facto? Shorn of its cosmological validation, Confucianism cannot offer an alternative parochial basis for legitimacy. Both territoriality and law now require procedurally credible popular consent. This argument is practical and patriotic as well as normative. It is unlikely to convince the leadership of the ccp, but History might in the end prove it right.

Celebration of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yeniseysk Governorate

The subject of the study is the process of preparing and holding celebrations on the occasion of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate. For any political regime the theme of legitimisation of power plays a great importance. One of the important indicators of this phenomenon are holidays, which consolidate society, and also influence the formation and consolidation of historical memory. This can be traced back to the formation of the Soviet holiday calendar. The theme of the Civil War was of great importance to the Bolshevik government as an example of demonstrating the victory of the new power. In this regard, the first five-year anniversary was to emphasise the final consolidation of the Soviet political regime. The article draws attention to the peculiarities of determining the date of celebration, which is connected with the step-by-step process of restoring Soviet power in the territory of Siberia. Minusinsk it was 13 September 1924, Krasnoyarsk - 6 January 1925. The single day of the holiday was 14 December 1924 - the day of liberation of Novonikolaevsk. The methodology of this work is based on a sociocultural approach and the preservation of historical memory. The methodology of this work is based on the socio-cultural approach, based on the idea of "dialogue of the past" and the preservation of historical memory. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the attraction of a wide range of sources to cover the little-studied fact in the context of the formation of the regional holiday component. The result of the study is the reconstruction of events related to the preparation and holding of festive events in honour of the five-year anniversary of the restoration of Soviet power in Yenisei Governorate in 1924-1925.

‘Hidden assets’ in higher education administration: the structures and lived experience of ‘organisational power’ among associate deans at US universities

ABSTRACT This study uses the concept of ‘organisational power’ – control over the environments in which others interact – to investigate the structures and lived experience of power among academic associate deans at public, research-intensive universities in the US. Previous research claims that the associate dean role lacks ‘legitimate power.’ Through in-depth analysis of semi-structured interview data, this study shows that the associate dean role requires a strategic mode of power that is not socially recognised in universities. Associate deans therefore must manage perceptions of power in order to be effective in an environment that does not acknowledge such power. It is argued that higher education’s failure to legitimise organisational power obscures the role and limits leadership capacities. Empowering academic and administrative staff with knowledge regarding power and power practices in academic middle management through continued research is essential to safeguarding collegial processes and ensuring the longevity and vitality of the university.

Military Incursion into Politics: A Comparative Analysis of Civil-Military Relationship in Pakistan and Nigeria

Purpose:Objective number one in the current study seeks to understand the role of historical developments in shaping the direction of democracy with a testable hypothesis one having that the Military intervention in politics is a result of bad politics exercised by politicians while addressing problems caused by low political culture, this paper explores answers to that question in a context of renewed option rule in Pakistan and Nigeria.Methodology:This Research paper will provide an overview of the major historical events since the independence of these two countries to be in a position to evaluate the role of the military in politics. The Nigerian military's poor human rights record has had a devastating impact on its effectiveness.Findings:Severe abuse of civilian communities, from the Ogoni (in the mid-1990s) to Odi (1999) and Zaki Biam (2001), and more recent extrajudicial assassinations, frequently in the background of contradicting militant and separatist groups from Boko Haram and the Islamic.Implication:Movement of Nigeria (IMN) In recent days, Pakistan has had legitimate power to encompass the tenures of the chiefs of staff of the army, navy, and air force.

Military Incursion into Politics: A Comparative Analysis of Civil-Military Relationship in Pakistan and Nigeria

Purpose:Objective number one in the current study seeks to understand the role of historical developments in shaping the direction of democracy with a testable hypothesis one having that the Military intervention in politics is a result of bad politics exercised by politicians while addressing problems caused by low political culture, this paper explores answers to that question in a context of renewed option rule in Pakistan and Nigeria.Methodology:This Research paper will provide an overview of the major historical events since the independence of these two countries to be in a position to evaluate the role of the military in politics. The Nigerian military's poor human rights record has had a devastating impact on its effectiveness.Findings:Severe abuse of civilian communities, from the Ogoni (in the mid-1990s) to Odi (1999) and Zaki Biam (2001), and more recent extrajudicial assassinations, frequently in the background of contradicting militant and separatist groups from Boko Haram and the Islamic.Implication:Movement of Nigeria (IMN) In recent days, Pakistan has had legitimate power to encompass the tenures of the chiefs of staff of the army, navy, and air force.

Метонимия в медиапространстве арабского политического дискурса

The paper presents the results of analysing metonymic transfers selected from the texts of speeches by Arab politicians. The mechanism of using metonymy and its motivation by functions in the speech of a politician are considered in the context of usage, which is a comment on the political reason for the speech. The study aims to propose a typology of metonymic transfers within the framework of analysing linguistic means presented in the texts of oral TV speeches by the leading Arab political figures. The study is novel in that it is the first to propose a typologization of metonymic transfers in connection with their functions in the Arab political discourse. The results showed that the frequency of the frame metonymic transfer, which takes precedence over the propositional and the scenario type of transfer and allows for the implementation of a predominantly agonal function, as well as the functions of power legitimization and social control in public speeches by Arab politicians, is characteristic of the Arab political discourse.

Deconstructing the Sublime Kills Free Speech?

Recently, a Chinese stand-up comedian was reported for allegedly insulting the military in his stand-up comedy,which eventually led to the downfall of his acting career, a police investigation, and left significant implications on theentire stand-up comedy industry. To understand the gravity of the situation, it is necessary to go back to the roots ofChinese history and culture. In China, the military holds significant importance as a constitutional institution, a statusdeeply rooted in the country’s historical context. This importance is reinforced by the contemporary political structureknown as the Party-Government-Military Trinity. Within this framework, the Communist Party’s mass line plays a crucialrole in establishing a strong foundation for the party’s acquisition and legitimacy of political power. Additionally, themilitary’s image serves as a symbol of political authority and national security.