Legitimacy In Society Research Articles

Unfinished Business: Review of the EU’s Policies on Gender Equality in Education

This article presents a broad historical review of the European Union (EU)’s policies on gender equality in education. The review shows that the EU’s policies on gender equality in education have gone through four stages: germination, foundation, formation and deepening. Though the EU has sought to call for greater gender equality in education and made some progress and achievements, gender equality in education is still an unfinished business because its success largely depends on enforcement, regulation and a gender equality culture in society. In reality, the EU, as a supranational organization, does not have enough enforcement power or regulation of its policies, and the patriarchal culture still exists and has a hidden legitimacy in society.

Tracing the legitimacy of Artificial Intelligence: A longitudinal analysis of media discourse

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most relevant technologies of our time. During the last decade, AI has made major technological breakthroughs most recently in the space of generative AI. This development is enabled by an increase in computing power, a decrease in its price, and the emergence of ubiquitous computing, resulting in vast amounts of storable and processable data. However, the diffusion of AI depends on its legitimacy in society, whereby legitimacy is understood as the congruence between organizational activities and their cultural environment. This study aims at understanding the process whereby AI is being (de)legitimated across key industries and over time. To capture and trace the process of legitimation, we rely on media coverage as a form of societal discourse reflecting the legitimation process of AI. We find that the legitimation process gathers momentum in the mid-2010s and the legitimacy of AI increases over time. Furthermore, we identify four types of legitimacy discourse, which integrate sentiment, specific media frames, and appeals of persuasion. Uncovering the four types of legitimacy discourse, we aim at supporting organizations seeking to understand the legitimacy of specific AI applications and how these legitimacy judgments can shift.

A study on the mediating effect of brand trust between perceived legitimacy of influencers and attitude toward brand: evidence from Turkey

PurposeThis study aims to test the effect that the perceived legitimacy of influencers has on the attitude toward the brand from the consumer point of view, as well as the mediating effect brand trust has on the relationship between the perceived legitimacy of influencers and attitude toward the brand.Design/methodology/approachBy using Google Forms to distribute links on various social media platforms, data were collected between January 15, 2021, and February 20, 2021. The population participants were all over 18 and had social media accounts. In the questionnaire, participants were asked to write down three influencers that they followed. They were then asked to answer the other statements in the survey with these three influencers in mind. Participants were included through convenience sampling from the population. A total of 514 people answered the questionnaire. These questions were then subjected to a statistical analysis using PLS-SEM.FindingsThe results showed that cognitive, moral and pragmatic legitimacies significantly affect brand trust. Moreover, the moral and pragmatic legitimacies significantly affect the attitude towards the brand. Regarding the mediation effect, results showed that brand trust has a mediating effect between the perceived legitimacy of influencers and attitude towards the brand.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the main limitations of this study is that the data were collected by convenience sampling. Therefore, the research results cannot be generalised. Another limitation is that the study measures general perceptions of influencers' legitimacy, so it has not been addressed in terms of a specific product group, follower or influencer self-branding issues.Practical implicationsThe managerial contribution of this research centers on the ability to evaluate the influencers and their legitimacy in society; not only by their follower count but also by the legitimacy factors that can be named under the name of primary legitimacy norms. Managers will then be able to use this framework to determine which influencers they want to work with.Originality/valueWhen the literature was reviewed, no study was found that examined and measured the perceived legitimacy of influencers in terms of social norms, values and morals. This research aims to add the concept of the perceived legitimacy of influencers to the discussion in the literature, embody the legitimate framework of influencers' activities and provide a more general conceptual basis for persuasiveness in influencer marketing.

Emotional Registers of Queer Representation: Gothic Expression in The Rocky Horror Picture Show and Vivienne Medrano’s “Addict”

Queer representation in media often relies on a limited perspective built around identity visibility. Who or what is this made to serve? As with the unhappy queer archives Sara Ahmed explores in The Promise of Happiness, queerness is rendered as a surface level struggle for legitimacy in society and relationships, that far too often ends in melancholy or despair. While non-queer audiences indulge in a temporary alignment with a vicarious interpretation of queer experience, the queer audience is presented with an often melancholic or distressing representation of our racist, hetero-patriarchal, neoliberal capitalist present. Working within western canons assembled through the fetishising of liberal rationality, to be outside the scope of the liberal human subject is a wide and deep realm of the undefined and unknown. This is the home of speculative fiction and where the sprouts of popular media were seeded. The gothic, horror, and science fiction grew out of the artistic impulses that clash at the borderlands between the rational and irrational, known and unknown, subject and object, human and queer.
 The twisting meeting places of horror and queerness is experienced best within queer treatments of horror. A close reading of the queer emotional affects in the queer media products The Rocky Horror Picture Show’s “Floor Show” sequence and Hazbin Hotel’s music video “Addict,” demonstrates that queer representation is inclusively produced through emotional affects most visible in horror. Furthermore, the gothic and horror pastiche at work within these two particular segments shows Jack Halberstam’s low theory in action.

Climate reporting quality following the recommendations of the task force on climate‐related financial disclosures: A Focus on the German capital market

AbstractThis paper investigates the quality of climate reporting by German DAX30 companies based on legitimacy theory. The study refers to a content analysis of climate‐related corporate disclosures from 2018 to 2020, related to the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate‐related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). The results show that there is still considerable room for improvement among carbon‐sensitive as well as less carbon‐sensitive firms. In particular, the companies showed poor reporting rates in the corporate governance domain, indicating that they use climate reporting symbolically to present themselves in a favorable light and to gain legitimacy in society. Moreover, carbon‐sensitive companies were more likely to report strategically relevant information on climate issues. The results are most relevant for researchers, business practice and regulatory bodies.

RESISTENSI INTERAKSI UMAT HINDU MELALUI REPRODUKSI PRAKTIK KEAGAMAAN DALAM TRADISI PANGKONAN DI DESA ADAT CAU BELAYU

The influence of globalization does not only change the physical style of humans as a subject that responds to global influences. But in other aspects it is also affected, one of which is the aspect of social interaction in a homogeneous cultural space. This is a strategy for local policy makers to respond to this influence to continue to hold social interactions in the local religious culture space by holding the tradition of mapangkon or pangkonan in Hindu religion in the Cau Belayu Traditional Village, Marga District, Tabanan Regency. The power of globalization that requires humans to experience social mobility so that social interaction becomes tenuous, on the legitimacy of society, the implementation of the mapangkon tradition takes place to build and promote the resistance of communal social interactions.Keywords: Building Hindu People Interaction, Pangkonan Ceremony

Dialog‐constraining institutional logics and their interactional manifestation in the science classroom

AbstractThis study seeks to understand why dialogic argumentation has not been adopted as a legitimate means of instruction by science teachers. To answer this question, this qualitative case study examines the mutually constitutive relationships between macrolevel phenomena, such as the taken‐for‐granted institutional mandates that teachers and schools call upon to maintain their legitimacy in society, and microlevel routinized teacher–student classroom interactions. Integrating ethnography with the analysis of classroom interactions, we seek to capture the social structuring that informs instruction and classroom interactions. Based on an inductive analysis of observations, interviews with teachers, and documents, three types of macrolevel institutional logics that mediate against the implementation of dialogic argumentation emerged. These included the logics of (a) accountability, (b) tracking, and (c) the profession. These logics give rise to instructional practices that run counter to the pursuit of dialogic argumentation. Classroom observations were analyzed to examine how these logics are conveyed through institutionally bounded interactions between teachers and students. Shaped by these institutional logics, instruction in classrooms is narrowed to mostly direct instruction of terminology and absolute facts, and is stratified into various status levels according to classroom tracking. We argue that teachers may resist dialogic argumentation primarily because it violates the fundamental rules, norms, and practices that grant them individual and organizational legitimacy. This contextualization of teacher–student interactions as motivated by institutional logics may explain in greater detail the absence of dialogic argumentation from science classrooms.

Онтологические аспекты власти в западноевропейском дискурсе

The article explores the ontological foundations of power in Western European philosophical discourse. The author analyzed essential characteristics of power within classical and non-classical paradigms, thus revealing the relationship of its ontological principles with social practice in different historical periods. According to the classical rationalistic world view, power was endowed with metaphysical properties, which provided it with transcendental status and ethical characteristics. Power correlated with such concepts as "good", "hierarchy", "responsibility", "order", "law", "justice", etc. This discourse presented the government as a category of ontological order, sacrament to the Absolute, and contributed to the development of its institutional forms and management strategies based on control, subordination, and coercion. The non-classical paradigm put forward the idea of power as a manifestation of the irrationality of the human psyche. Criticism of logo-centrism made voluntaristic philosophers present power as a category of anthropological discourse. Its basic properties were defined through such concepts as "universality", "irrationality", "subjectivity", "totality", "ubiquity", etc. Power was deprived of its transcendental status and ethical character, which traditionally provided it with legitimacy in society. However, it acquired the properties of universality and immanence of human nature in the unconscious structures of human psyche. In social practice, the transformation of the principles of power led to the development of ideological discourses and new ways of exercising power

The Lived Social Contract in Schools: From protection to the production of hegemony

• The social contract can be studied along the four parameters (4Ps) of: protection, provision, participation and the production of hegemony. • Applying the 4Ps framework to education yields unique insights on the social contract as a lived and differentiated experience of citizenship. • Analysis of the lived social contract in Egypt challenges earlier conceptions of the Arab social contract, its disintegration and the uprisings. • Youth experiences in Egyptian schools reflect the gendered and classed dimensions of the lived social contract and their political implications. • The schools reveal withdrawn protection, poor privatized provision, securitized Islamized participation and weak incoherent legitimation. This article proposes a framework for studying the social contract along the four parameters (4Ps) of protection, provision, participation and the production of hegemony. To appreciate the differentiated experience of how these parameters are lived, this framework is applied to schools as arenas that uniquely capture the dynamics of power and legitimacy in society. The education sector reflects broader transformations in the state bureaucracy, in social policy and in the lived experience of key elements of the social contract from the rule of law and gendered violence to formal and informal privatization, everyday forms of participation and the narratives and practices around nationalism and neoliberalism that legitimize these changes. Applying this approach to the case study of Egypt updates earlier propositions about an Arab social contract and nuances the notion of a tradeoff between provision and participation rights in understanding regime legitimacy. It underlines the critical changes to protection and legitimation over the past decades and the implications of the outsourcing of various elements of the social contract to market, charitable and religious forces. Drawing on rare research inside schools catering to different social classes before and after the 2011 uprising, the article describes how their realities reflect the transformations of lived citizenship in this historical juncture. Egyptian schools reveal a ‘lived social contract’ that is underpinned by selective retraction of protection, a collapse of provision, impoverishment and Islamization of participation and a resulting disengagement from the production of hegemony.

Influential Variables of Sustainability Disclosures by Spanish Public Hospitals

This paper explores whether the extent of sustainability information disclosed by Spanish public hospitals is affected by internal characteristics of such organizations as well as by political ideology and socioeconomic variables. We used the institutional, stakeholder, and legitimacy theories to explain different levels of sustainability disclosures. To accomplish our goal, we collected data through content analysis of the institutional websites of all Spanish public hospitals registered in the 2016 National Database of Hospitals, corporate annual reports, and sustainability reports published by Spanish hospitals. The results show that the most influential variables associated with the extent of sustainability information disclosed by Spanish public hospitals are the hospitals’ size, political ideology, and reputation as well as the access they have to the Internet. According to the legitimacy theory, the Spanish public hospitals that have revealed more sustainability information are more visible and may be perceived to have greater legitimacy in society. However, the extent of sustainability information disclosed by Spanish public hospitals is far from being adequate. According to the institutional theory, this is explained by the lack of coercive and normative forces.

FACTOR OF DELEGITIMIZATION IN THE PROCESS OF DESTABILIZATION OF THE POLITICAL REGIME

The factors of legitimation and delegitimization of power in the context of the functioning of transitional states are considered and analyzed. The peculiarity of such states is the problem of consolidation of citizens on the basis of common values, the absence of which gradually leads to the delegitimization of the political regime. Particular attention is paid to classical and modern interpretations of legitimacy and related concepts. An understanding of the definition of «legitimacy» is given as an order in which the power of the rulers and the voluntary subordination of the governed, i.e. free recognition by each member of the legal society. It is established that there are different political institutions with different levels of legitimacy in society. The main factors and phases of legitimacy are analyzed, on the example of Ukraine, allocated factors that lead to the delegitimization of a political regime. The problem of the functioning of the institutional process in the post-Soviet states through the phenomenon of double institutionalization, which is characterized by public consent to the functioning of old and new institutions at the same time, is considered separately. The nature of such a phenomenon, which is characterized by a destructive impact on the democratic transformation of society due to the congestion of the new institutional space, has been established. A number of factors of delegitimization of the political regime are analyzed and the classification of factors into economic, geographical, political. The dependence of different factors on different conditions of power is determined. The peculiarity of the delegitimization process in Ukraine, which is characterized by multifactorial with elements of adaptability, has been established. Based on all the theories presented, it is concluded that legitimacy is not only a set of values, it has both cognitive and normative aspects.

Technology used as a weapon to fight informality: the success of the SCOP

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the problem of informality and how it develops, taking advantage of the control flaws of public and private institutions and its growth by the legitimacy of society; to analyze the role of the regulatory body in its fight against informality from the area of its influence, which is the energy sector; to analyze the economic and social impact of a solution like the one proposed in the case; to analyze the impact at the level of public policies of solutions such as the one proposed in the case; and to review the strategy of the hand of technology that can achieve the development of original solutions to fight against informality. Case overview/synopsis The case study was written on the basis of a real success story that explains the development of a technological solution that allowed the Supervisory Agency of Energy and Mining of Peru to effectively deal with informality in the commercialization of fuels, which became a reference in the region. The story begins by recreating the system that existed for the commercialization of fuels and how the shortcomings of this system itself encouraged the appearance of informal merchants who benefited from the situation. It also explains how the regulatory authority decides to deal with this problem by creating a special unit that confronts this issue and how, after some failures, an original strategy was able to be designed with the help of technology to control informality. Complexity academic level Business schools, where different aspects can be analyzed, such as the strategy used in the supply chain of informal or formal commerce. It is also recommended for use in master’s programs in specific sectors, such as public management or energy management. Finally, it can also be used in entrepreneurship, given that informal entrepreneurship is considered as a new line of research in this field. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

Mobilising Men: Ally Identities and Collective Action in Japan and the Philippines

Men have an important role as allies in reducing discrimination against women. Following the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA), we examined whether men's identification with women would predict their allied collective action, alongside moral convictions, efficacy, and anger. We also examined whether identification with their own ingroup would decrease their willingness to improve women's situation. We tested the SIMCA, extended to consider ingroup identification among men, in Japan ( N = 103) and the Philippines ( N = 131). Consistent with the SIMCA, moral convictions and group efficacy predicted men's willingness to engage in collective action to fight discrimination against women. However, anger was not significant, and identification with the advantaged and disadvantaged groups played different roles in the two countries. We discuss the possible role of norms and legitimacy in society in explaining the pattern of results.

Sustainable development goal #3, “health and well-being”, and the need for more integrative thinking

Veterinaria Mexico OA ISSN: 2448-6760 Cite this as: Guegan J-F, Suzan G, Kati-Coulibaly S, Bonpamgue DN, Moatti J-P. Sustainable Development Goal #3, “health and well-being”, and the need for more integrative thinking. Veterinaria Mexico OA. 2018;5(2). doi: 10.21753/vmoa.5.2.443 . Recently, the United-Nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals for the 2030 Agenda. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 “Ensuring a healthy life and promoting well-being for all ages” is one of the most transversal goals, which is interconnected with the other SDGs. The health and well-being are the aim of this goal and also, they are the result of other goals that empower people to develop better in different social, economic and productive areas. The SDG 3 is a multiple and universal resource on which sustainable development policies can be based, in particular for the most needed countries, and can lead to the sustainable maintenance of well-being and health. However, SDG 3 faces a high sectorization, so there is a risk of not being able to achieve the stated objectives. Only a national and international reflection on human population and animal health surveillance devices, environmental health, implementation of appropriate indicators and specific research funding will ensure the balance between the legitimacy of society’s demands and the needs of scientific and medical excellence. The health and well-being indicators that are needed to achieve the agenda goals are based on reliable and relevant quantitative data, which are currently rare or even non-existent in some regions. Therefore, it is now necessary to initiate a more integrative international animal and public health and research strategy in order to collect new data, particularly those relating to current emerging infectious diseases that affect public and animal health, especially in developing countries. Figure 1. (a) Simplified representation of the relationships between the environment and its different ecological and biogeographic components, depending on the distribution and abundance of infectious diseases and their hosts (vectors and/or reservoirs), and to the individual and family income. The form and severity of infections interact with the income by introducing a complex dynamic between these two parameters.

Why Economic Progress Depends on Economic Religion

The success of an economic system depends on its having a strong basis of legitimacy in society. For much of the twentieth century, the legitimacy of capitalism was based on the public belief that it would most rapidly and successfully advance the economic progress of the American nation. Neo-classical economics underlay the claims of the economics profession that it possessed the requisite technical knowledge to ensure this outcome. Economists thus would ensure economic progress which would save the nation and the world -- the essence of capitalist economic religion. This faith has faced a growing challenge in recent years, however, partly as a result of the Great Recession of 2008 and 2009, but also due to the growing intellectual crisis facing neo-classical economics since the 1970s and to the fading credibility of the idea that the solution of the economic problem through economic progress will provide a solution to the human problem. Resolving this challenge will require a fundamental transformation of economics and, given the interconnected character of economics and religion, a religious transformation as well.

UM ESTUDO SOBRE AS EVIDENCIAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS DOS GOVERNOS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL E DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA DA LEGITIMIDADE E DOS CUSTOS POLÍTICOS

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar qual a aderência, sob a ótica da Teoria da Legitimidade e da hipótese de Custos Políticos, das evidenciações contábeis compulsórias e voluntárias que os Governos dos Estados brasileiros mais o Distrito Federal disponibilizam em seu sítio eletrônico. Com base na metodologia utilizada nos estudos de Beuren e Söthe (2009), Avelino et al. (2010), Araújo et al. (2014), e Araújo, Miranda e Lagióia (2015), foi uma pesquisa documental, qualitativa, com base na análise de conteúdo que buscou-se avaliar a evidenciação de informação compulsória estabelecida pela legislação; quais os tipos de evidenciações voluntárias divulgados; o nível de evidenciação voluntária e compulsória, conforme Hendriksen e Van Breda (1999), em adequada, justa e completa; categorizou-se os atributos das evidenciações tomando como critério para tal as características qualitativas da informação, contidas no Pronunciamento Conceitual Básico (R1). Concluiu-se que a maioria dos Governos Estaduais e do Distrito Federal não se sentem potencialmente ameaçados em sua legitimidade perante a sociedade, considerando o custo político do aumento dos níveis e qualidade das evidenciações frente à perda da legitimidade.

Winning public trust: Towards a wider agenda for judicial transformation

The need for transformation of the judiciary in South Africa has been the subject of much public discussion and debate, both in the media and among legal professionals. This article argues that the key test of judicial transformation is not whether it meets some abstract standard established by students of the law, but whether judges and courts enjoy widespread legitimacy in society. It will suggest that this approach can explain why we need a more racially and gender representative judiciary if our justice system is to operate effectively – but will also argue that a concern for racial and gender change alone will not secure the public trust in the courts and the judiciary that transformation should seek to achieve. A broader reform agenda, which understands the intrinsic link between an improved judicial system and winning broad public support for a more representative judiciary, is thus needed.

Valstybės viduje: pilietinės savivokos galimybė ir pilietinio elgesio trajektorijos

The successes and failures of participants in civil society in specific situations as well as legitimized or delegitimized goals help to define civil society. By studying the specific strategies and citizens’ activities with respect to the details of the context, we can get a clearer image of the peculiarities of civil society. The paper, devoted to a well-known civic dispute involving the historic Romuva movie theater, discusses the functionality of civil society during this conflict. The study is based on the case study method; therefore the data representation is contextual and cannot be generalized to the whole of Lithuania, but it can provide plenty of information on the analyzed object. Post-communist civil societies face different challenges than Western societies, as they have arisen in a different context; hence they face a specific problem: to form, justify, and legitimate the civil society. By analyzing the civil struggle surrounding the Romuva cinema, we examine the lack of civil society legitimacy in the face of the different interests of citizens, business, and government. What challenges and problems confront citizens who take it upon themselves to defend the public interest? The study showed the lack of legitimacy of noninstitutionalized civil society groups. In view of the activities of government bureaucracies, or rather of their failures, and the pragmatic interests of businessmen, it turned out that citizens’ enthusiasm, creativity, and critical reasoning are not sufficient in order to protect the public interest, as noninstitutionalized civic groups’ activities are not considered legitimate and thus are often not taken into account.

Ativismo judicial: o contexto de sua compreensão para a construção de decisões judiciais racionais

This article examines the socio-legal context of understanding the Brazilian judicial activism. It is known that social complexity and the normative prediction of plural interests and subjects has forced State to recalculate its functions or powers so that they remain capable of well executing their predominant functions. It would not be different with the judicial function of the State. From the analysis of that context, it is noticed that a renewal of the principle of separation of powers is essential to the core activity of conflict resolution, with the consequent need to preserve and achieve social peace. Renewing the understanding of the judicial function, from the requirement for a truly rational judicial decision, the state legitimacy in society renews itself. To reach this conclusion, the methodology used was based on the analisis of critical and doctrinal arguments (often contrary of each other) sufficient to construct the line of thought adopted here, supporting the adoption of a proactive stance of the jurisdictional function of the State, in particular the constitutional jurisdiction in order to achieve or protect the constitutional values and goals of the State.

The Expanded Role of Investor Relations: Socially Responsible Investing, Shareholder Activism, and Organizational Legitimacy

Investors increasingly use ownership rights to influence a corporation’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and policies, challenging the traditional role of investor relations. However, shareholder activism with respect to CSR has thus far not received any scholarly attention in the field of strategic communication. This multidisciplinary study examines shareholder activism as a drive for change in CSR behavior. Using a case study approach, the study analyzes a shareholder resolution sponsored by NYC Public Pension Funds that resulted in an engagement process with CONSOL Energy Inc. regarding environmental responsibility. As a result of the engagement process, the company implemented a series of proactive procedural and structural changes. These findings suggest that reactive responses to societal demands of shareholders can elicit more proactive measures in CSR behavior that the target company would not have enacted otherwise. Consequently, the paper argues that an expanded role of investor relations pushes corporations to meet or even exceed societal expectations of a broader set of stakeholders. This change in practice ensures that corporations are committed to conducting socially desired actions in return for legitimacy in society.