Legitimate Power Research Articles

Leadership, Social Capital and Village Finance: Development Capital For Village Sustainability

This research aims to capture the combination of leadership, social capital, and village finance in realizing rural sustainable development. Field research seeks to understand social reality by the actual circumstances that exist and occur in a particular area. Researchers obtain scans of social reality through a qualitative research approach. Researchers in this context use qualitative research with an emphasis on case studies. The research used participant observation techniques, in-depth interviews, and field documentation. The results show that the village's financial capacity is an essential element. However, more importantly, the legitimacy and trust of the community in the leadership of the village head can establish communication in campaigning for village environmental conservation with a sustainable development orientation. The village head presents himself as a protector through humanist communication interactions with all elements in the village environment. The legitimacy of power and trust in the formal village leader leads to the belief of the community to take part in village development.

POWER AND TRUST: A MEDIATOR IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND TAX COMPLIANCE IN INDONESIA

This study analyses the connection between procedural justice, trust and power concerning tax compliance in Indonesia and investigates the mediating influence of trust and power tax authorities hold in this relationship. While various factors play a role in tax compliance behaviour in Indonesia, the country still struggles to achieve maximum compliance, falling short of international standards in terms of tax ratio. Only half of Indonesians have confidence in the tax system, and procedural justice is closely linked to power and trust. This study is groundbreaking as it is the first to investigate these three factors simultaneously in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed, with data gathered from 371 taxpayers and analyzed using the PLS-SEM method. The findings indicate that legitimate power and trust are positively associated with voluntary tax compliance and function as mediators between procedural justice and tax compliance. However, no correlation was found between procedural justice and tax compliance or between coercive power and tax compliance. To enhance taxpayer compliance in Indonesia, it is recommended to bolster trust in the tax authority and its jurisdictions. This study addresses a gap in the tax compliance literature. It enhances the theoretical framework, providing valuable practical insights for compliance improvement strategies, particularly for the Indonesian Directorate General of Taxes. The findings support developing more effective policies, improving tax education, and promoting transparency to strengthen public trust and compliance.

ПОЛИТИКА ПАМЯТИ В ЛЕГИТИМАЦИИ ВЛАСТИ ПОСТСОВЕТСКИХ ГОСУДАРСТВ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ОСНОВНЫХ НАУЧНЫХ ТЕОРИЙ

The formation of political regimes in the republics of the former USSR is helped by the implementation of an active symbolic policy, which contributes to the legitimation of power in the majority of states formed after 1991. The presented article reflects scientific theories and approaches to the phenomenology of symbolic politics considered in the interaction of the political power of new polities and social strata and population groups of these states. The relevance of the chosen topic of the article lies in the study of the algorithm for the implementation of symbolic politics in new conditions that influence the legitimation and strengthening of political power in new states. Field research: political institutions, processes and technologies. The purpose of the article is to present and justify the author’s definition and phenomenology of the symbolic politics of post-Soviet states in line with scientific theories and approaches to understanding the role of states and public policy. The subject of the study is the essential characteristics of symbolic politics in the processes of legitimation of political regimes in the republics of the former USSR. As a result of the research conducted by the author, on the basis of scientific theories and approaches to public policy, the essence of the symbolic policy pursued in the states of the post-Soviet space is substantiated. Problem statement: the constructed collective historical memory and political mythology in the post-Soviet space, implemented by state institutions and non-state actors, provides a solution to the following problems. In particular, the legitimation of political power, the success of the formation of civil identity and the construction of a political nation. The study of successful examples of symbolic policies of new states has a chance of practical application in the Russian Federation.

THE MORAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE POLITICS UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL SOCIETY FLEXIBILITY: IF HUMAN VALUES NO LONGER MATTER (PART 1)

The main goal of the presented study is to analyze the features of the transformation of the moral foundations of politics in the digital society conditions. The authors start from the classical ideas about the moral foundations of politics as a multi-level complex that constitutes identity and provides legitimization of power and includes conceptual and theoretical ideologies developed by political philosophy, value-colored party-political programs for achieving goals, reflected in the mass consciousness of ideology-feelings. Modern digital society conceptions by M. Castells, T. Redshaw, M. Chayko, J. Wajcman and N. Dodd are used as the main theoretical tool for revising the transformation of the moral foundations of politics in the context of digitalization. The elasticity of a digital society is seen as the ability of a new technological paradigm characterized by permanent innovation and fluidity to modify institutions and systems by reconfiguration their components in a way that does not lead to the destruction of the basic organizational structure. The impact of the elasticity of the digital society on the moral foundations of politics is revealed through the lens of the increasing mosaic of discursive images of the political system elements and the displacement to the periphery political phenomena with a rigid value-normative structure. It concludes that in the conditions of a digital society, a complex set of moral foundations of politics has a pronounced tendency to collapse to the limits of the most actualized forms of manifestation of values in the form of ideologies-feelings of mass consciousness, while higher levels of values naturally atrophy due to the impossibility of meaningful interaction with the speed of the political process in the conditions of digitalization.

Лояльность местных элит центральной власти: общие закономерности и институциональные контексты

The article presents the conceptualization of loyalty (subordinates to superiors), the construction of the general theoretical hypothesis about the main causal factors of loyalty, as well as the analysis of the institutional contexts of the (dis)loyalty of local elites to the central government. Loyalty is understood as a variable characteristic of the political attitudes of actors (individuals and groups), combining recognition of the legitimacy of power, readiness to follow the adopted policy, obedience to orders, and reporting of reliable information about the state of affairs. Based on the general ideas of neo-Weberian political sociology, a hypothesis has been proposed about the basic factors that strengthen loyalty. The more an actor perceives a certain authority as providing his basic needs such as security, social status, income and influence (authority, political participation), the higher the actor’s loyalty to this authority will be. The main types of institutions that allow elites to satisfy their basic needs are civil service, patron-client networks, and egalitarian communities. A relatively high level of loyalty to the central government is typical of the representatives of elites, whose basic needs are satisfied by taking prestigious positions in the public service. It is due to the symbolic and universal nature of status in bureaucratic structures of the military and civil service. The formal and broadly recognized status also allows avoiding the necessity of its constant confirmation by means of aggressive and violent actions. On the contrary, for a successful career within the military-bureaucratic structures of state service, qualities such as discipline, accuracy, diligence, and control over emotions are in demand. The status of the members of patron-client networks and egalitarian communities is informal and recognized only by their entourage (if the entourage is willing to do this). Therefore, participants of informal communities have to confirm their status, including aggressive and violent actions. In such a way, the qualities as a heightened sense of self-worth, emphasized aggressiveness (as a means of demonstrating and protecting status), and love of freedom are constituted, which are little compatible with the bureaucratic virtues of obedience and reverence for superiors. In addition, disdain for official values, symbols, norms and rules of interaction cultivated in communities guarantees that their participants will remain loyal to their patron and/or comrades and will not succumb to the temptation to exchange all this for a more predictable and stable career in public service.

„AID” TO THE LEGISLATOR AS A PREMISE OF JUDICIAL LEGISLATION. PHILOSOPHICAL AND LEGAL INTERPRETATION OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE SUPREME COURT OF FEBRUARY 15, 2019

The aim of the article is a philosophical and legal interpretation of the the resolution of the polish Supreme Court of February 15, 2019. It makes an element of the jurisprudenential tendency which going beyond both the linguistic interpretation and the established categories of civil law, significantly limits the possibility of exercising one of the rights enshrined in the polish Civil Code, namely the possibility for the owner of the land on which transmission facilities are located, getting remuneration for the establishment of transmission easement. The Supreme Court did not justify its decision with a specific way of understanding the right of the land owner, but with the need to correct a mistake made by the legislator almost thirty years earlier. The author claims that this judgment is an expression of the legal and political tendency to move away from recognizing the protection of subjective rights as the basic criterion for the legitimacy of power. He inscribes the ruling into the ideological and institutional phenomena of a global nature, which are expressed in concepts adopting a fluid content of subjective rights (the concept of Ronald Dworkin, neo-Marxism), as well as phenomena such as far-reaching restrictions on subjective rights in the name of fighting the so-called COVID-19 pandemic or climate change.

Moda retro w polskim filmie i telewizji lat siedemdziesiątych jako zjawisko kulturowe

In the 1970s, retro fashion came to Poland from the West. It concerned recalling the interwar years with nostalgia in film, television and fashion. Its adoption was possible due to political and socio-demographic changes. In Poland, retro fashion was correlated with a specific fashion for the past, which involved full ennoblement of the nobility culture in the media. What is worth noting is that this fashion for the interwar period and nobility was not only eagerly adopted by the general public, but was also used politically to the legitimization of power. There were also attempts by some of the government apparatus to “attach themselves to the historical class”.

Analisis Konseptual Teori Dan Proses Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Publik

Public policy is essentially and what is based on authority and power, because public policy is made by a group of people who have legitimate power in a government system. Very often a public policy that is implemented does not side with the people, and only benefits one party. Therefore, public policies provided by the government must have the value of siding with the people so that their implementation is intended to resolve every problem. The purpose of this writing is to discuss conceptual analysis of theories and the process of implementing public policy. The results of the discussion show that public policy is a very important factor in achieving maximum government administration.

Addressing Multi-Unit Residential Management Conflicts: A Legal Study

This study delves into the legal complexities and challenges arising from the management dualism disputes within the Association of Occupants and Owners of Flat Units (P3SRS) at the Bogor Valley Apartment. The research adopts a normative juridical approach, focusing on the analysis of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials through comprehensive library research. Central to this investigation is the exploration of the authority of P3SRS under Article 27 of the Regulation of the Minister of PUPR Number 14 of 2021. The study reveals that the existing dual administrations within the P3SRS lack the legitimate authority to manage the interests of the apartment's owners and residents as stipulated by the regulation. This situation has led to significant legal issues, primarily triggered by the dismissal and replacement of P3SRS management. The research further examines legal protection mechanisms for residents and owners affected by this dualism, highlighting two primary approaches: 'preventive legal protection' through government-led socialization and awareness campaigns, and 'repressive legal protection' as outlined in existing housing laws and regulations. Additionally, the study discusses the role of the independent Notary Honor Council (MKN) in providing legal protection for notaries concerning their civil responsibilities and the creation of legal documents. The findings underscore the necessity for clear regulatory frameworks and effective legal protection strategies to address and mitigate the challenges posed by management dualism in residential unit associations, providing valuable insights for policymakers, legal practitioners, and residents of multi-unit dwellings.Highlights:
 
 The study identifies illegal authority in dual residential management structures, highlighting a lack of legitimate power in handling owner and resident interests.
 It emphasizes the necessity of preventive legal protection, advocating for government-led awareness initiatives to educate communities about residential management laws.
 The research underscores the importance of repressive legal measures, detailing how existing housing regulations provide protection against management conflicts.
 
 Keywords: Residential Management, Legal Dualism, Preventive Protection, Repressive Protection, Regulatory Framework

An Inward Journey

A reprint from Robert K. Greenleaf’s Servant leadership: A journey intothe nature of legitimate power and greatness, edited by Larry C. Spears andpublished by Paulist Press in 2002

Representation of the Legitimacy of Imperial Power in the Roman Empire

This article is devoted to the analysis of ideas about the legitimacy of imperial power in the Roman Empire. Particular attention is paid to the understanding of legitimacy in the imperial period of Roman history and, in particular, Late Antiquity. The conclusion is made about the "broad" and somewhat "blurred" idea of the legitimacy of the imperial power in the Roman Empire, about the discrepancy between the modern term "legitimacy" and the ancient understanding. The elements and components of legitimacy, its main sources, institutions and ways of giving legitimacy to the new emperor who ascended the throne are presented. It is shown how the image of the legitimate emperor was inscribed in the image of the empire. Of the institutions, special attention is paid to the army as one of the most significant institutions in the election and approval of the new emperor. Methods for recognizing imperial power by referring to the "divine" principle: pagan gods, and, subsequently, to Christianity, are also considered. The reasons for the process of loss of legitimacy by the rulers of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD are analyzed. The transfer of legitimacy from political institutions and the empire to a single emperor, characteristic of the Roman political consciousness, is shown.

Efektifitas Sistem Kebebasan dan Pertahanan Bela Negara Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemilu

Elections have become the mainstream of modern countries. Elections are founded on the principle of equality, namely that every citizen has equal rights and position in the government, therefore every citizen actually has the same power to govern. This people's power is the source of legitimacy and legality of state power. Freedom, Security, Justice and Peace in General Elections must be obtained by all Indonesian people in essence. Of course, this cannot be realized if there is no national stability. Elections do not only rely on the state or military, but involve the strength and role of individual citizens, including non-governmental or private organizations. To hold free, safe, fair and peaceful elections in the General Election, space and mechanisms for full participation must be created, where citizens develop democratic mechanisms and have the power to make decisions in accordance with the wishes of the citizens themselves, without any persuasion or intimidation from other parties. party. interested parties, because the idea of democracy being promoted is actually quite simple, namely to protect the rights of citizens in exercising their freedom to express opinions. For this reason, freedom, security, justice and peace in general elections must be maintained by the government and the government must build stability in the country in implementing elections well.

New perspectives on the legitimacy of international institutions and power

New perspectives on the legitimacy of international institutions and power

EARLY PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN SERBIA

The article is devoted to the early elections held in Serbia on December 17, 2023 – parliamentary, metropolitan and partly local. The main motive for their early holding: the desire to confirm the legitimacy of power after mass protests of the opposition, also to demonstrate its political impotence, and simultaneously buy time on the foreign policy stage to reduce pressure from Washington and Brussels. The outcome of the election was another victory for President A. Vučič and ruling Serbian Progressive Party. She was not a mystery to observers or participants beforehand. You could only argue about the account. But in the capital, the opposition had good chances, and this was confirmed. The voting results were considered and an assessment was given of the opposition demonstrations after the elections, as well as the degree and nature of involvement in these events of Brussels and Washington. The reasons for the persistent invincibility of the ruling «progressives», the partial strengthening of the pro-Western «democratic» opposition and the unexpected success of the new populist movement «We are a voice from the people» have been revealed. The logic of political behavior and the relationship between foreign and political balancing of the President of Serbia were analyzed. It was concluded that A. Vučič mainly achieved his goals and retained such a structure of power that provides him with a central role in Serbian politics, as well as free hands in further orientation in the international arena. It will not be unambiguous and straightforward in any case. But his room for maneuver has narrowed, and the direction of drift will be determined by the balance of power in the confrontation between West and East.

Justice, power and voluntary tax compliance: a moderation analysis among taxpayers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PurposeThe aim of this study was to examine the moderating roles of the legitimate power and distributive justice of the tax authority on the effect of procedural justice on the voluntary tax compliance of taxpayers in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, by using survey data collected from taxpayers in the city.Design/methodology/approachData for the study were collected from 800 sample taxpayers who were drawn by using a systematic sampling technique. The variables of the study were constructed as indices from composing the scale items developed and tested for their validity by prior researchers. Having collected the data by using a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire and forming the latent variables, hierarchical multiple regressions were applied to determine the moderating effects of the two variables (i.e. legitimate power and distributive justice) on the effect of procedural justice on voluntary tax compliance.FindingsThe author found that both the legitimate power of the tax authority and distributive justice of the authority moderate the effect of procedural justice on voluntary tax compliance. The moderating roles of the two variables appear to be opposite in that low (but not high) distributive justice and high (but not low) legitimate power of the tax authority stimulate the effect of procedural justice on voluntary tax compliance.Research limitations/implicationsThe first limitation is that the data used in this study are self-reported data while the subject of the study is sensitive subject about which respondents are not believed to provide genuine responses. This is presumably because taxpayers are less likely to confess their tax evasion as they fear legal actions following their self-report. Hence, other controlled methods such as the experimental design are recommended to replicate the results of this study. The second limitation is that data for the study were gathered through a one-time cross-sectional survey and hence it would not warrant a causal claim between the study variables. Consequently, other research with a longitudinal or experimental design might warrant a causal relationship between the variables.Practical implicationsTherefore, the tax authorities must endeavor to attain high legitimacy by doing “the right things” as perceived by the taxpayers so that their tax-related decisions gain acceptance from the decision recipients. Tax policy makers as well ought to consider the importance of and the relationship between procedural justice, distributive justice and legitimate power of the tax authority in order to attain the maximum possible voluntary compliance of taxpayers that significantly reduces the administrative cost of taxes.Social implicationsThe study benefits society by enhancing tax compliance and hence helping the government secure a better amount of tax revenue and provide better public goods and services.Originality/valueThe findings of this study are of high theoretical and policy significance. Theoretically, the findings contribute to the integrative literature on economic deterrence and social-psychological factors that are responsible for voluntary tax compliance decisions. The parallel moderating roles of the two variables on the relationship between procedural justice and voluntary cooperation in a single model and in the tax compliance context are novel. In terms of applicability to policy formulations, they shed light on the need for a shift from a pure focus on aggressive tax audits and penalties, especially in emerging economies to a combination of the tax audits and the nurturing of the voluntary deference of taxpayers to the tax authority's decisions. Caution must, however, be taken that the results of this study may not be applicable to tax environments in other countries.

Legitimacy of power exercised by FATF under international law

Purpose This study aims to focus on the legal status of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) regulatory spread in spite of its limited membership in international law. This is conducted by examining the regime of the FATF with the normative regime of public international law and trying to identify common grounds and conflicts between the two. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted an exploratory approach involving a thorough examination and analysis of accredited text, command papers and reports, archival materials, national obligations, websites as well as other documentary evidence. Findings This research gives an empirical determinant of compliance behaviour in response to FATF regulatory standards and the interplay of international law. Research limitations/implications The findings here are not exhaustive and could be approached from other perspectives. Researchers are therefore encouraged to engage by testing the findings further, as this is only a blueprint for further research. Practical implications This study provides implications for the need to open up the current membership of the FATF, as it appears discriminatory in nature and could inhibit effective compliance with its regulatory standards. Social implications FATF regulatory standards do not just revolve around its members and rule-takers but also affect unintended and vulnerable people who were never in contemplation when these regulations were debated without a global consensus. Originality/value The main aim of this study is to advocate for a rethink of FATF’s regulatory strategy by ensuring that its operations are more inclusive, where jurisdictions can participate as members, creating a sense of belonging and commitment in the fight against money laundering.

The Transmitions and Legitimation of Power by the Last Bulgarian Monarchs of Assenid Dinasty (1323-1396)

The study is dedicated to a topic considered, for a long period, as obviously clear insofar as the ruler's power was supposed to be hereditary. The idea of the present article is to examine the transmission of power in Bulgaria during the last century before the Ottoman conquest. The study analyse the topic from the pagan period up to the Second Bulgarian Empire. The main focus consists in the transmission of power in the case of Assen family during the 14th century. Along with the Byzantine influence it is underlined some Bulgarian particularities and the specific context in which the transmission of power occurred.

Eternal Blue Sky 2.0

Abstract The revival of shamanism in Southern Siberia is increasingly characterised by online forms of representation. Through digital ethnographic research conducted in Russian, this paper argues that the internet reproduces non-digital narratives and practices endowing them with global, immediate reach in a very widely recognisable form, thus contributing to the amplification, legitimisation and contestation of shamanic power. Analysing the websites of two Irkutsk-area ‘shamanic centres’, I consider how digitalisation is contributing to the process of institutionalisation of shamanism, reproducing and further legitimising post-socialist hierarchies and structures of power in Buryat shamanism, while highlighting the malleable nature of shamanic power and the web alike. Conversely, I recur to the Buryat concept of khel am (a form of ‘omnipresent witchcraft’) in relation to two recent news stories of national relevance in Russia involving Siberian shamans, to illustrate the challenge posed by the over-amplification of shamanic power through digitalisation to shamans and their institutions’ claims to power.

Phenomena of Child Involvement in Literacy Practices in the Province of Yogyakarta Special Region: A Communication Study

Literacy hegemony is currently formed by the cultural practices of the dominant social group, in this case, adult humans. The whole practice is seen from the eyes of adults as a form of the legitimacy of power. Since 2017 the phenomenon of children's involvement in literacy practices has increased. Even though children work together with adults in their operations, they are able to accommodate their needs well. This article tries to look at communication activities that occur in the phenomenon of children's involvement in literacy practices in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The writing of this article is based on the theory of symbolic and sociocultural interaction with a constructivist approach. The research informants consisted of 5 elementary school children in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province who had a consistent and measurable literacy trajectory and were involved in various literacy practices from 2017 to 2019. The results showed that communication activities in children involved in literacy practices partially begin early, intensely, and in a conducive communication environment. The presence of parents or adults around the child is decisive. Creating space for discussion and children's participation through play activities and text media forms interactions that help children's cognitive and affective development, encouraging children's involvement in literacy practices

An Empirical Research on the Reasonable Limits of Teacher Discipline in Primary and Secondary School in China - Focusing on Corporal Punishment

With the promulgation of the Rules on Educational Discipline for Primary and Secondary School Teachers (for Trial Implementation), China has initially established a four-tier educational disciplinary system. The disciplinary power is a natural and legitimate power of teachers, and discipline is a necessary means and statutory function for teachers to carry out their educational management duties, while the current operation of the disciplinary power in China shows a trend of polarisation. Corporal punishment, an important part of Chinese traditional education system, is still used by teachers today, but there is a lack of written regulations to define its form and judge its reasonableness. In order to achieve a rational return to corporal punishment and discipline, it is necessary to further refine the relevant legal policies and build a better educational disciplinary system, as well as to strengthen the guidance of ideas and public opinion, so as to build a favourable social environment for teachers to implement corporal punishment and discipline within reasonable limits.