Legislative Elections Research Articles

Неуказание сведений о судимости как основание для отказа в регистрации кандидата

The issue of criminal records in electoral law has long been one of the most discussed in society. However, it is important to remember that each case has its own characteristics and requires careful consideration. A pressing issue is the candidate’s obligation to indicate information about his criminal record in the application for consent to run. The article presents an analysis of judicial practice on refusal to register a candidate in case of non-compliance with the provisions of substantive law, which is enshrined in the current electoral legislation. The author comes to the conclusion that substantive law and the material legal relations regulated by it have a significant impact on the content of procedural law.

Electoral Systems and the Autocrat’s Trade-Off: Evidence from the Russian Duma

abstract: Legislative elections sustain authoritarian regimes, but distinct electoral systems simultaneously benefit and hurt the political prospects of those regimes. The author theorizes about a trade-off between electoral systems that facilitate information on local elite preferences, and systems that maintain legislative control. An electoral system can achieve either, but not at the same time. The author undertakes an empirical study of Russian federal deputies, half of whom are elected in single-member districts, the other half on a nationwide closed-party list. Candidates can register on both lists (N = 515), and district results determine final list affiliation. Electoral incentives change abruptly for deputies who are barely winning or losing their district, a fact that the author exploits to identify the effects of local representation on pro- and antiregime parliamentary behavior. The results support a trade-off: district-list deputies convey more information on local preferences in their speeches than party-list deputies do, but they oppose law proposals more frequently. How autocrats weigh this trade-off determines the electoral system and illuminates electoral reform in autocracies.

Fluctuations and extreme events in the public attention on Italian legislative elections

The share of social media attention to political candidates was shown to be a good predictor of election outcomes in several studies. This attention to individual candidates fluctuates due to incoming daily news and sometimes reflects long-term trends. By analyzing Twitter data in the 2013 and 2022 election campaign we observe that, on short timescales, the dynamics can be effectively characterized by a mean-reverting diffusion process on a logarithmic scale. This implies that the response to news and the exchange of opinions on Twitter lead to attention fluctuations spanning orders of magnitudes. However, these fluctuations remain centered around certain average levels of popularity, which change slowly in contrast to the rapid daily and hourly variations driven by Twitter trends and news. In particular, on our 2013 data we are able to estimate the dominant timescale of fluctuations at around three hours. Finally, by considering the extreme data points in the tail of the attention variation distribution, we could identify critical events in the electoral campaign period and extract useful information from the flow of data.

ANTI-CORRUPTION RESPONSIBILITIES OF CANDIDATES ACCORDING TO THE LEGISLATION OF KAZAKHSTAN (based on materials of the election campaign for the elections of the Mazhilis of Kazakhstan 2023)

The article notes that the institution of elections is one of the important elements of state security in any state. In this regard, it is common practice to enshrine in national electoral legislation provisions aimed at ensuring law and order in various spheres of life. Anti-corruption norms occupy a special place in electoral legislation. The article notes that the institution of elections is one of the important elements of state security in any state. In this regard, it is common practice to enshrine in national electoral legislation provisions aimed at ensuring law and order in various spheres of life. Anti-corruption norms occupy a special place in electoral legislation. According to the author, the enshrinement of anti-corruption responsibilities in the electoral legislation is connected to a greater extent not with electoral law, but with the legislation defining the legal status of deputies and elected officials. The author examines the features of establishing anti-corruption responsibilities in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as electoral practice. In most cases, the judicial authorities decided to uphold the decision of the relevant election commission to cancel the registration of a candidate. Moreover, in a number of cases, candidates managed to overturn the decision of the election commission to refuse registration. An analysis of electoral practice led to the conclusion that in most cases, many offenses in the area under consideration were the result of candidates’ legal illiteracy, their inattention, and the amount of unreliable information was most often insignificant. In this regard, it is concluded that the legislation should allow election commissions and judicial bodies to more widely use their own discretion when resolving such cases.

Features of civic consciousness of university students at the present stage of educational development

Aim. To study the features of civic consciousness among modern university students.Material and methods. A total of 467 students took part in the study. The original author’s questionnaire was used (I. V. Koltsova, 2024), aimed at identifying the characteristics of students’ civic consciousness.Results. The study showed that the majority of students believe that secondary schools should take an active part in the development of civic consciousness of young people. Students behave in society in accordance with generally accepted rules, know the history of the Russian Federation, its traditions and customs, conspicuous figures, rights and responsibilities, speak their native language and actively use it in communication with representatives of their nationality. After training, most graduates plan to stay and work in the Russian Federation. However, about 30% of subjects have low scores on such issues as participation in the Russian presidential and legislative elections. There is a high awareness on socio-political events and laws, which indicates the low social activity of this group of respondents.Conclusion. The conducted research made it possible to identify both positive trends in relation to the civic consciousness of students, as well as problem areas that require targeted educational work.

Probabilities and seat gains of minor parties in the 2019 municipal legislative election in Surabaya City, Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between seat acquisition probabilities and the acquisition of minor party seats in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election. This research is crucial because theoretically the proportional representation electoral system quota/allocation of electoral district seats (dapil) has the probability to be accessed by all parties participating in the election, but in fact in the 2019 Surabaya City DPRD election the quota/allocation of seats was dominated by large parties. This research method is library research with the analysis technique using the Pearson Product Moment statistical test. According to the research results, first, the relationship between seat acquisition probability and minor party seat acquisition is negative and insignificant. The results of the research hypothesis test show rcount (-0.753) < rtable (0.997). Second, the relationship between these two variables controlled by the threshold variable is significantly positive. The research hypothesis test result is rcount (0.000) > rtable (0.997). Based on this research: (1) the electoral system of proportional representation quota/allocation of electoral district seats is not accessible to all minor parties participating in the election; (2) the size of electoral districts with seat quotas in the medium-large criteria does not have a significant positive effect on the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; (3) the threshold simultaneously affects the significant positive relationship between the size of the medium-large quota electoral districts and the acquisition of seats of parties participating in the election; and (4) the acquisition of party votes below the lower threshold still has the probability to get the remaining seats.

ANALYSIS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS OF ELECTIONS IN RUSSIA

The article examines the evolution of the institutional framework of the electoral process in Russia since the early 1990s. The main changes in the system of elections of deputies of the State Duma, governors and municipal authorities, as well as in the field of party building, are analyzed. The article concludes that in recent years there has been a tendency in Russia to liberalize electoral legislation and increase the role of political parties in the electoral process.

Public Sphere and Deliberations for Frontier Nagaland: Reflections on Recognition and Identity

To achieve a separate state named ‘Frontier Nagaland’, the civil society of Eastern Nagaland protested against taking part in the Hornbill Festival in 2022, the state festival of the Government of Nagaland, India. Initially, the civil society also decided to boycott the Nagaland Legislative Elections in 2023. Civil society organisations have refrained from participating in the festival after deliberating on the matter through different media platforms. Abstention from the festival, a cultural means of protest, brought the question of identity by highlighting not only the unequal development in the region but also their recognition as a ‘significant other’. This study argues that the protest and deliberation in the public sphere communicated well with the public, state and union government, creating a conducive atmosphere for deliberative democracy.

Strategi Komunikasi Bawaslu Kota Bima Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Pelanggaran Kampanye Pada Pemilu Legislatif Tahun 2024

The Communication Strategy of the Bima City Bawaslu is one of the keys to preventing campaign violations. This study aims to determine the communication strategy of the Bima City Bawaslu in an effort to prevent campaign violations in the 2024 legislative elections and to determine the factors that influence the implementation of the Bima City Bawaslu communication strategy. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive analysis approach. Data were obtained through interviews and literature studies. The results of the study show that the communication strategy of the Bima City Bawaslu in an effort to prevent campaign violations has four aspects. The first aspect determines the target of communication, the second aspect selects communication media, the third aspect determines and conveys communication messages, the fourth aspect is the role of communicators in communication and shows that the factors that influence the implementation of the Bima City Bawaslu communication strategy are economic factors and natural resource factors.

Computer Network Design and Applications for West Java Legislative Elections

Legislative elections or Pileg are an annual schedule that is routinely held in Indonesia for five years. The concept of technology 4.0 has a huge opportunity to be applied in the legislative election process in this modern era. Legislative elections that use digital devices connected in such a way have more advantages than legislative elections that use conventional methods. The application of technology 4.0 in legislative elections has advantages in terms of effectiveness, data processing speed, and costs. The design of the legislative election system is made using a network where each polling station will be provided with one server to accommodate votes at the polling station. Then the server synchronizes the data to a central server to calculate the final results obtained. The server is built using the text-based Ubuntu Linux operating system. The application used is web-based, with the programming languages used being HTML, PHP, CSS, and Javascript. The test data shows that the time required for the system to complete each stage of the legislative election process is relatively faster than conventional legislative elections. So it can be concluded that the design of the legislative election system has met the requirements to accelerate the legislative election process. This research uses an SDLC system with a prototype model. Tests are carried out using BlackBox testing to test the suitability of the application with application access.

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

In this paper, we aim to present the amendments to the electoral legislation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic by reference to the experience of other countries and Romania. Following the analysis, I shall indicate whether the postponement of the election or its organization under restrictive conditions complies with the criteria of the rule of law.

Thin but visible: the role of populist attitudes and their subdimensions in populist support within the 2021 Czech legislative election

ABSTRACT Are populist attitudes too thin to matter for populist support? Considering their interplay with thick nativist attitudes, we argue that both populist attitudes and their subdimensions play a key role in the propensity to vote for each of the main populist parties within the 2021 Czech legislative election. The results from our survey (N = 2009) show that populist attitudes and their subdimensions are notable predictors whose role is not fully conditioned by thick nativist attitudes. Furthermore, the unique effects of subdimensions tend to reflect the emphasis that populist parties place on the corresponding components of populist ideology in their communication.

Political Communication Strategy in Building Party Image Ahead of the 2024 Legislative Election (Case study of DPD Golkar Party DKI Jakarta)

This research aims to analyze the political communication strategy of the DKI Jakarta Golkar DPD in rebuilding the party's positive image ahead of the 2024 legislative elections. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Secretary of the DKI Jakarta Golkar DPD, Chair of the DKI Jakarta DPRD, Golkar Faction, Deputy Chair for Organizational Affairs and Membership of DPD Golkar, Academics and Community Figures. The data collection techniques used in this research come from primary and secondary data using observation, interviews, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and the withdrawal of political communication strategies using a political marketing approach carried out by DPD Golkar DKI Jakarta, which was successful in rebuilding the political image that had fallen since the corruption case involving the chairman of the DPD. The implication of the success of this political image is an increase in votes and seats in the results of the 2024 Legislative Election.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI MANAJEMEN SIMPATISAN SEBAGAI OPTIMALISASI PEMENANGAN PEMILU LEGISLATIF

In the effort to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of political campaigns for legislative elections, the development of information technology plays a critical role. This research focuses on designing and developing a supporter management application specifically tailored to assist legislative candidates in managing and analyzing their supporter data. The application is equipped with key features such as supporter registration, coordinator management across various administrative levels (RT, RW, District), automated WhatsApp messaging for direct communication and as a form of appreciation, and a quick count feature to facilitate vote tallying. Additionally, the application offers comprehensive data analysis capabilities, allowing legislative candidates to understand supporter characteristics based on various categories such as age, occupation, and education level. This analysis feature is crucial for formulating more effective and targeted campaign strategies. The development method employed is the waterfall method, which includes stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. This application has been used by legislative candidates in the DPRD of Tangerang Regency in the 2024 local elections and has shown positive results by enhancing supporter engagement and loyalty through structured and systematic communication. The application is expected to be an effective and reliable tool in supporting legislative election campaign strategies, contributing significantly to a more transparent and participatory democratic process

Are young candidates “sacrificial lambs”? Evidence from the 2012, 2017, and 2022 French legislative elections

The underrepresentation of young adults is widespread in the parliaments of Western democracies. Yet evidence suggests that voters do not have a negative bias towards young candidates. In this article, we focus on another factor that may contribute to youth underrepresentation: the level of competitiveness in districts where political parties nominate young people. Using data on all candidates who ran for a major political party/coalition in the 2012, 2017, and 2022 French legislative elections, we attempt to determine whether young adults tend to be nominated in districts where they have little or no chance of winning. To do so, we use three different measures of district competitiveness. Our results show that young people – and especially young women – are more likely than others to be “sacrificial lambs”. Our analyses nevertheless indicate that men aged between 31 and 35 have become almost as competitive as older people in 2022.

In Search of the Missing Link: Election Law Infractions and Candidate Sanctions

In contrast to the extensive literature on the determinants of campaign spending and its effect on candidates’ electoral performance, comparatively less literature exists on the legal and sanctioning characteristics of political finance systems. Though some contributions have analyzed and compared the institutional designs of these financing systems, limited literature has empirically examined infractions and sanctions of electoral laws, categorized as either a crime or a misdemeanor, by the candidates. Limited knowledge exists about the political and sociodemographic profile of candidates who commit such offenses or misdemeanors, a gap this study addresses by empirically analyzing electoral law infractions. Using the case of Chile and an unpublished database of infractions of 38,246 candidates in the local elections of 2008, 2012, and 2016, as well as the legislative elections of 2009, 2013, and 2017, we present four conclusions. First, only about one-fifth of candidates commit such infractions. Second, such infractions are more common during first-tier elections, especially in deputy and senatorial elections. Third, the candidates most likely to commit such infractions are independent candidates who compete in regions remote from large urban centers, especially in rural areas. Fourth, the rise in infractions is linked to a new law that more strictly regulates candidates’ campaign spending. The study enhances our understanding of the efficacy of political finance systems and the enforcement of electoral sanctions.

Portugal: Political Developments and Data in 2023

AbstractIn 2023, Portugal experienced the end of a political cycle of Socialist government rule that had started in 2014. Several scandals affected the executive throughout the year, including traffic of influence. There were also regional elections in Madeira on 24 September, which were won by the Social Democratic Party (Partido Social Democrata). At the end of the year, President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa dismissed Prime Minister Antonio Costa. This still allowed the budget for 2024 to be passed in December, with the call for early legislative elections being postponed to the beginning of 2024.

Mexican State’s interpretation of indigenous self-determination in the age of democracy (1992-2022)

This article charts how Mexican authorities have interpreted and implemented indigenous peoples’ constitutional right to self-determination since it was first adopted in a 1992 constitutional reform. “Self determination” can mean many things, and the constitution gives stakeholders ample discretion to define and negotiate the content of this right. Most state legislatures initially passed “indigenous culture laws” starting in the late 1990s. The state of Oaxaca also amended its electoral procedure code to allow municipalities with a majority of indigenous residents to elect the members of their local governments through community assemblies (instead of the “political party system”). In the last five years, courts have further expanded electoral protections for indigenous communities by mandating that federal and state electoral Institutes implement quotas reserved for indigenous candidates in legislative elections. The application of indigenous self-determination has thus gone from being handled by state legislatures to being the province of federal electoral courts. The prevailing interpretation of self-determination has shifted from self-determination as self-government to it being understood as special legislative representation.

지역소멸의 위기에 따른 민주주의의 약화와 대응 방안

In today’s Korean society, the crisis of rapid decline in local population, coupled with a decreasing population, poses one of the biggest challenges in preparing for future generations. Moreover, the issue of rapid decline in local population may present a significant threat to democracy, a foundational principle of the Constitution, beyond just being a concern at the level of industrial or administrative policies for balanced regional development. This article points out that democracy is also weakening due to the crisis of rapid decline in local population, and proposes solutions in terms of the implementation of democracy, focusing on institutions such as elections, political parties, and direct democracy. Firstly, from the perspective of localities and regional populations, there are issues with the proportionality of electoral districts and regional representation. As an extreme imbalance in population between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas forms, the citizens of the latter experience weakened representation in the election of their legislators, leading to the emergence of large electoral districts or the abnormal setting of a single district for areas lacking regional homogeneity or community cohesion. Under the current small constituency plurality system, maintaining strict population proportionality presents a difficult challenge to overcome. To harmonize the proportionality of electoral district populations with regional representation, considering a constitutional amendment to transform the unicameral legislature to a bicameral system where the upper house has regional representation, or adopting a regional proportional representation system for legislative elections, are potential institutional changes that should be explored. Secondly, recognizing regional political parties as a way to promote local democracy could help enhance local political autonomy. Current Party Law recognizes only national parties, and the Constitutional Court has upheld these provisions. However, the essential function of a party is to participate in the formation of political will of the people, which does not necessarily have to be nationwide. Recognizing regional parties could bolster local democracy and should be considered for enhancement. Thirdly, in response to regional issues more actively and flexibly, the diversification of local government structures should be actively recognized, and strengthening direct democracy measures is necessary to address issues in areas experiencing extreme population decline.

The Correlation of Social, Political, and Economic Capital: A Study of Incumbent’s Capital ‎Utilization in the 2024 Legislative Elections

The Correlation of Social, Political, and Economic Capital: A Study of Incumbent’s Capital ‎Utilization in the 2024 Legislative Elections