Legalization Of Same-sex Marriage Research Articles

The Association Between Same-Sex Marriage Legalization and Youth Deaths by Suicide: A Multimethod Counterfactual Analysis

PurposeTo estimate the association between same-sex marriage legalization and deaths by suicide among youth. MethodsThe study used country-level suicide data sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study for all 36 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries for the period 1991–2017. We analyzed the suicide rates of all youth, male youth, and female youth aged 10–24 years using multiple policy-evaluation methods—difference-in-differences, matrix completion, and generalized synthetic control via expectation-maximization—to estimate the impact of same-sex marriage legalization at the country level. Secondary analysis considered several covariate specifications, evaluated the immediacy and persistence of the estimated associations, and assessed whether any observed association was limited to early adopters of same-sex marriage. ResultsThe state-of-the-art matrix completion analysis indicated that same-sex marriage legalization was associated with a decline in the youth suicide rate of 1.191 deaths per 100,000 individuals (95% CI = −1.66, −.64; p < .001), corresponding to a reduction of 17.90% compared to the youth suicide rate at the time of legalization. This decline was most pronounced in males for whom the suicide rate fell by 1.993 (CI = −2.76, −1.12; p < .001) compared to a decrease of .348 for female youth (CI = −.60, −.06; p = .02), corresponding to decreases of 19.98% and 10.90%, respectively. These associations persisted after legalization, but to differing degrees depending on model specification. ConclusionsDeveloped countries that are yet to legalize same-sex marriage have an opportunity to put downward pressure on youth suicide.

Perception of Attitudes of the General Population toward Homosexuality in Taiwan: Roles of Demographic Factors, Mental Health, and Social Debates on Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage.

The aims of this online survey study were to examine the associations of demographic characteristics (gender, age, and sexual orientation), mental health status, and point in time of the survey (i.e., the beginning of the social debates on legalizing same-sex marriage vs. the end of the social debates) with people’s perception of the attitudes of the general population in Taiwan toward homosexuality. A two-wave internet survey was conducted using Facebook to gather information regarding people’s perception of the population’s attitudes toward homosexuality among 4562 participants. The five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale was used for assessing mental health status. The results indicated that participants perceived the population as having a lower acceptance at the end of the social debates on legalizing same-sex marriage than at the beginning of the social debates; gender moderated the decline in perceived acceptance. The results also indicated that poor mental health and heterosexual orientation were significantly associated with a lower perception of the population’s homosexuality acceptance in both waves of the survey. The factors related to perceived homosexuality acceptance need to be considered in developing programs to increase the population’s homosexuality acceptance.

Interpretation of the Spanish Constitutional Amendment Bill as a Moral Argument

In the context of the Spanish Constitutional Amendment Bill of 2005, the Socialist government of President José Luis Rodrguez Zapatero legalized same-sex marriage (SSM). The SSM bill was interpreted as a constitutional amendment. The original meaning of Art. 32.1, particularly its implied content, became, in sum, both an aid of constitu-tional moral legitimacy and an argumentative device to rebut the constitutional amendment claim made consistently by opponents of the SSM legislation. In the present analysis, it is argued that the claim of distributiveness in the original meaning was played in the legal reasoning and the legal decisions behind the implementation of the new SSM law. This incoherent distributive reading, the crux of this paper, provides insights into the theory of legal reasoning, particularly in what concerns the relation between linguistic and legal meaning. In particular, the contradictory and unfaithful approach that pro-SSM law-interpreters took to the original text demonstrates the value of linguistic meaning in legal interpretation when moral arguments alone cannot answer a legal question.

Potential differences between the political attitudes of people with same-sex parents and people with different-sex parents: An exploratory assessment of first-year college students.

Children were often near the center of public debates about legal marriage recognition for same-sex couples. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), the case that resulted in legal same-sex marriage recognition, stressed the importance of these children as one of many factors compelling the opinion. Estimates indicated same-sex couples were raising 200,000 children in the United States. Children raised by same-sex couples may be politically socialized in distinct ways compared to children of different-sex couples because lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals tend to hold distinct and progressive political viewpoints on a wide variety of issues. What are the political attitudes of people with same-sex parents? In this exploratory study, we analyze a large, representative survey of first-year college students across the United States; we find few differences between people with same-sex and different-sex parents, and some of those differences may be attributable to households and respondent characteristics. When on the rare occasion a difference exists, we find that people with same-sex female parents are more progressive, but people with same-sex male parents are more conservative. Gender differences also emerged, with some distinctive patterns between males with same-sex parents and females with same-sex parents.

Effects of Access to Legal Same‐Sex Marriage on Marriage and Health

AbstractWe provide the first comprehensive evidence on the effects of access to legal same‐sex marriage (SSM) on marriage and adult health using the full rollout of marriage equality across the United States. Using data from the CDC BRFSS from 2000 to 2017, we relate changes in outcomes for individuals in same‐sex households (SSH) coincident with adoption of legal SSM in two‐way fixed effects models. A substantial share of these households includes gay and lesbian couples. For men in SSH, we find robust evidence that access to legal SSM significantly increased marriage take‐up, health insurance coverage, access to care, and healthcare utilization. Results for women in SSH are inconclusive apart from a clear increase in marriage take‐up. Our results provide the first evidence that legal access to SSM significantly improved health for adult gay men.

Marriage Equality Laws and Youth Mental Health

AbstractSince the landmark ruling in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health in 2004, the legalization of same-sex marriage (SSM) has proliferated throughout the United States via either legislati...

The legalisation of same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland

The saga which led to the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland offers some important lessons about the processes of law-making for that jurisdiction, together with broader lessons about how the European Convention on Human Rights could be applied in strategic litigation elsewhere. This commentary analyses four episodes in that saga. It begins by evaluating several failed attempts to achieve legalisation at the Northern Ireland Assembly, before considering two legal challenges which also failed in the High Court of Northern Ireland. The developments which eventually led to legal change through the Parliament of the UK are assessed thereafter, followed by an appraisal of the most significant legal features in a set of judgments handed down by the Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland shortly afterwards. It is concluded, in particular, that lessons in connection with how petitions of concern are deployed in the devolved legislature, as well as lessons about how the prohibition on discrimination contained in Article 14 of the Convention has been interpreted, are deserving of wider circulation and appreciation among LGBT rights campaigners in Northern Ireland and beyond.

A Puzzling Paradox: Advancements in Reproductive Technology and New York's Ban on Commercial Surrogacy Agreements

With infertility on the rise in the United States and the legalization of same sex marriage, it has become increasingly difficult for many Americans to start a family. Advancements in modern medicine have addressed this issue and now couples can create their family through surrogacy. However, New York's current laws have not caught up to the changing times and surrogacy agreements are still invalid and unenforceable. This Note proposes the repeal of New York's surrogacy ban and the adoption of legislation to recognize and enforce surrogacy agreements in order to bring New York's laws within the purview of modern medicine.

Transitional Equality in Transnational Context

The legalization of same-sex marriage in Taiwan in the past few years and emerging legal recognition for same-sex couples in Japan mark important expansions of family recognition in Asia. These developments provide an opportunity to consider the gap between formal and substantive equality in the rights of diverse families in Taiwan, Japan, and other jurisdictions. This essay examines these recent changes in family recognition in Taiwan and Japan alongside experiences of U.S. couples to generate new areas of inquiry into developing equality with full attention to the range of socio-legal experience. This essay considers a framework of “transitional equality” I have discussed in the U.S. context to identify the process of families transitioning into new formal legal status categories. As I have described elsewhere, when a person or class of persons obtains a new status or gains previously denied rights, “the path itself from one legal status to another becomes critically important and may itself be impacted by race, gender, age, and other factors. The process of transitioning to a new status can be complex and burdensome in unexpected ways, and lack of attention to that process can impair persons’ inhabitation of their newly acquired legal rights.” This transitional space is one worthy of socio-legal attention in the effort to build fuller equality for diverse families. Taiwan and Japan introduce further opportunities to examine the role of marriage recognition in reflecting and constructing broader norms concerning national identity, race, ethnicity, gender, age, economic status, access to justice, and what it even means to be a legal subject in the face of legal uncertainty.

Mental Health Effects of Same-Sex Marriage Legalization

Sexual minorities have had worse than average mental health, which may have to do with actual or perceived discrimination. Same-sex marriage legalization (SSML) is a typical anti-discrimination policy removing marital restrictions for sexual minorities. We study how this legislation affected mental health of sexual minorities in the Netherlands. Conducting a difference-in-differences analysis, we compare changes in mental health following the legalization between sexual minorities and heterosexuals. We find that SSML improved mental health of both married and non-married sexual minorities, which implies that marriage is not the only channel. Examinations of alternative mechanisms combined with literature suggest that the legislation may also take effect by improving societal tolerance as well as stabilizing partnerships and enriching the choice basket of partnership forms for sexual minorities.

Wolność religijna jako instrument ochrony prawnej przeciwników małżeństw jednopłciowych. Zmiany w prawie stanu Missisipi po wydaniu orzeczenia w sprawie Obergefell v. Hodges

Przedmiotem rozważań zawartych w niniejszym artykule są dokonywane ostatnio w Missisipi zmiany legislacyjne, będące reakcją zwolenników tradycyjnej koncepcji małżeństwa na legalizację małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci. Szczególna uwaga zwrócona jest na Mississippi Religious Freedom Restoration Act i Protecting Freedom of Conscience from Government Discrimination Act. Na ich kanwie przedstawiono reakcję konserwatywnych środowisk stanu Missisipi na orzeczenie Obergefell v. Hodges, jak również kontrreakcję ruchu LGBT. Przeprowadzone analizy uwidaczniają napięcie, jakie istnieje pomiędzy zasadami równości i wolności religijnej, interpretowanymi w myśl założeń przyjmowanych przez przeciwne strony sporu. Prowadzi to do konkluzji, że nie istnieją prawne możliwości rozwiązania tego konfliktu na drodze kompromisu. Zgodnie z tezą artykułu, gwarancje wolności religijnej mogą natomiast stać się instrumentem ochrony prawnej oponentów małżeństw homoseksualnych przed zarzutami o dyskryminację w sytuacjach, gdy wyznawana przez nich religia nie pozwala im na uznanie za małżeństwo związku osób tej samej płci.

LGBTQ WORKPLACE INCLUSION BEFORE AND AFTER OBERGEFELL V. HODGES: ASSOCIATION WITH TOBIN’S Q AND ROA

Diversity and inclusion advocates claim organizations benefit from diversity. Diversity is purportedly associated with many positive outcomes such as increased creativity, reduced turnover, increased productivity, a broader talent pool from which to choose, improved employee performance, increased innovation, potentially new customers and, ultimately, higher profits. Many studies support that claim, finding evidence that diversity is associated with higher company returns and market values. We examine if the association of company LGBTQ-benefits and policies with corporate returns and market valuechanged in the years around the 2015 Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodgesthat legalized same-sex marriage nationally. The Corporate Equality Index (CEI), calculated and reported by the Human Rights Campaign (HRC.org 2020a),is used as a proxy for the level of company LGBTQ inclusiveness and support. The CEI is meant to provide a tool to rate U.S. businesses on their treatment of LGBTQ employees, investors and consumers, thereby focusing on a different aspect of diversity than simply defining diversity based on gender and/or race and ethnicity. Results indicate that higher HRC CEI ratings appear to be associated with higher Tobin’s q, a measure of long-term corporate performance. We find similar results for three time periods, pre-Obergefell, during the Supreme Court decision year, and post-Obergefell. These results indicate that diversity policies toward the LGBTQ community are associated with higher company market value, regardless of how uniformly US law has regarded same-sex marriage.

From overt to covert: Exploring discrimination against homosexual consumers in retail stores

This research examines discrimination against homosexual consumers in several stores located in a Colombian shopping mall. Further, this research assesses retail conditions in Colombia, which is dealing with conflicts arising from issues related to its legalization of same-sex marriage. In the past, homosexual consumers experienced overt discrimination from retail employees typically in the form of finger pointing, negative stares, laughing, and refusal of service. This research reveals that overt discrimination against homosexual consumers seems to have abated across several indices, primarily in terms of waiting time for assistance from employees. The data reveal that gay male and lesbian couples remain susceptible to covert discrimination by retail employees, compared with their heterosexual counterparts, typically in the form of negative glances, refusal of service, and laughter. This research reveals that homosexual consumers may not realize the full value potential of marketplace exchanges, despite the waning of overt discriminatory practices by retail employees.

Us versus Them: The Debates on the Legislation of Same-Sex Marriage (1994 – 2015) in Taiwan

ABSTRACT Taiwan, the first country in Asia to provide same-sex couples a legal right to marriage, has witnessed furious debate on both sides. To understand this debate, we combined content analysis and the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) method to capture themes and states of mind reflected in the news articles. Arguments based in human rights and reflecting heterosexual preferences which were observed elsewhere also dominated the discourses in Taiwan. First-person pronouns, positive and negative emotions, and differentiation were found to be associated with rights discourses and, in turn, support for same-sex marriage. The themes, the state of mind of the involved parties, and same-sex marriage legalization are further discussed.

Poor mental health among Taiwanese people experiencing the public debates on and referendums for same-sex marriage: A Facebook online survey

Public debates on legalization of same-sex marriage occurred in Taiwan since the latter half of 2016. Taiwanese people voted on same-sex marriage referendums on November 24, 2018. The aim of this Facebook online study was to examine the changes in rates of poor mental health status among Taiwanese people during the 23-month period of public debates on and referendums for legalizing same-sex marriage. A two-wave internet survey was conducted using Facebook to gather information regarding mental health and attitudes toward same-sex marriage among 3286 participants (1456 heterosexual and 1830 nonheterosexul) in Wave 1 (one week after the first reading of the Marriage Equality Bill) and 1370 participants (540 heterosexual and 830 nonheterosexul) in Wave 2 survey (one week after the referendum of same-sex marriage). The five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale was used for assessing mental health status. The rate of poor mental health status significantly increased from the Wave 1 to Wave 2 surveys in heterosexual, lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) participants. In nonherterosexual groups, the rates of poor mental health status increased in LGB and female and male nonheterosexual participants of all age. The rates of poor mental health status also increased in heterosexual participants who were female, were young, and supported same-sex marriage. The rates of poor mental health status increased in both heterosexual and nonheterosexual people during the period of public debates on and the referendums for same-sex marriage. Heterosexual people who were female, were young, and supported same-sex marriage had also increased rates of poor mental health state during the same period.

The Anti-Social Effects of Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage: Fact or Fiction?

Previous research examines the effects of same-sex marriage on many child and family outcomes, but only a small subset examines the effects of laws on those outcomes. We evaluate the effects of same-sex marriage legalization in the USA on four socio-familial outcomes. We use currently available public data from the U.S. Census and CDC to analyze changes in state-level legalization of same-sex marriage on rates of child poverty, divorce, marriage, and children living in single-parent households within each state from 2011 to 2016. The estimators use traditional cross-sectional time-series methodologies, along with adjusting for high-dimensional fixed-effects (HDFE) clustering to account for both spatial and temporal dependence of state-time observations. We find no evidence to validate claims of negative ramifications from same-sex marriage legalization on these outcomes. With respect to the arguments articulated in Supreme Court amici briefs, we show that assertions of negative social effects of legalized same-sex marriage are largely unsupported. In addition to illustrating the gains from HDFE estimators, we conclude that warnings of likely negative effects from same-sex marriage, such as disallowing adoption by same-sex couples, are not credible.

PERKAWINAN SESAMA JENIS DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA: PENERAPAN PRINSIP EQUALITY DALAM PUTUSAN OBERGEFELL, et.al. v. HODGES, USA SERTA ANALISIS MENGENAI PERKAWINAN SESAMA JENIS DI INDONESIA

The ‘rights’ and ‘equality’ arguments have been widely used in the last couple of years by the same-sex marriage supporters in claiming the legalization of same-sex marriage. The principle of equality in same-sex marriage legalization claims is closely related with the concept of human rights on the ground that the principle of equality is considered as one of the most important principles in the said concept. The decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America in Obergefell et al. v. Hodges, Director, Ohio Department of Health is the latest decision concerning the legalization of same-sex marriage that changes radically the legality of same-sex marriage in the United States and may affect other nations. This research analyzes the said Decision, specifically on the application of the principle of equality. This research also analyzes the same-sex marriage issue in Indonesia from the perspective of universality and cultural relativism of human rights. The conclusion of this research is that the principle of equality in the Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America was not correctly applied and therefore it cannot be used in the same-sex marriage claims. And in Indonesia, it can be concluded that from the perspective of universality and cultural relativism of human rights, same-sex marriage cannot be legalized.Keywords: human, rights, same-sex, marriage, equality, universality, cultural, relativism.

Reproductive surrogacy in Ireland-an ethical and legal context.

Reproductive surrogacy can be altruistic or commercial, each with complex ethical considerations that are complicated by heterogeneity in governing laws across jurisdictions. Surrogacy in Ireland is relatively new and largely unregulated, so this review aims to elucidate its current regulatory status and associated ethical issues. AIMS: On reproductive surrogacy from an Irish legal perspective, to: 1. Illustrate the lack of established legislation 2. Describe draft statute 3. Demonstrate the inadequacy of current non-statutory regulation 4. Examine European and Irish Constitutional Law 5. Exhibit challenges in case law for parenthood: i. The lack of recognition of intent to conceive compared to non-Irish jurisdictions ii. The lack of recognition of international surrogacy iii. The lack of procedures to transfer legal parenthood iv. The legal/medical/religious/socioeconomic consequences of 5] i, ii, iii On reproductive surrogacy from an Irish ethical perspective, to: 6. Analyse ethical issues in altruistic surrogacy 7. Evaluate ethical issues specific to commercial surrogacy: i. Financial and emotional exploitation ii. Commodification of children and women's bodies iii. Child welfare iv. Healthcare inequality CONCLUSION: Irish reproductive surrogacy exists in a legislative vacuum and is poorly governed by non-statutory regulation. However, Ireland is free to draft laws aligned with modern societal views on reproduction, which is especially relevant given the recent legalisation of same-sex marriage. Ethically, carrying mothers and children are vulnerable, particularly in commercial arrangements, with significant financial disparities between commissioning and surrogate parties. Altruistic arrangements can be a boon to Irish society if supported by public education and appropriate legal frameworks.

Queer love, Abrahamic morality, and (the limits of) American Muslim marriage

ABSTRACT This article explores recent Muslim debates on sexuality through an analysis of American Muslim conversations on LGBTQI+ inclusion and sexual norms as they took place in the ‘Muslim American public square,’ defined as a porous space of debate, analysis, and affect that is marked by intense public scrutiny and hostility towards Muslims. It analyzes religious arguments regarding queer Muslims and contextualizes them as a specific set of patriarchal Muslim responses to the Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage in 2015 and to the attack on the Pulse Club in Orlando in 2016, exhibiting an affective investment in a stable Islamic tradition that constructs patriarchal sexual norms as the linchpin of the tradition. Muslim American debates refract broader American conversations while also being marked by distinct positionalities, arguments, and affects that preclude the possibility of categorizing the diversity of Muslim attitudes towards same-sex love and marriage either affirmatively or negatively.

Shifting perceptions of same-sex marriage in Taiwan: who changed their mind after legalization?

PurposeThis article addresses Taiwanese public opinion on same-sex marriage, connecting it to the 2020 general election.Design/methodology/approachOriginal survey data are combined with analysis of the existing literature and 2020 election results.FindingsOriginal survey data find that nearly one in five respondents have changed their views on same-sex marriage since its legalization, with most of those who have changed their views more opposed to legalization than before. However, this shift and its related support for the Kuomintang (KMT) do not appear to have influenced election results.Social implicationsThe results suggest that positions on same-sex marriage remain somewhat in flux, while the success of the pro-legalization Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) may lead to additional LGBT rights.Originality/valueThis combines original survey data with election results to analyze the effects of same-sex marriage legalization on the election outcome.