Legal Ways Research Articles

ЗАГАЛЬНОТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ПОЛОЖЕННЯ У СУДОВІЙ ПРАКТИЦІ: ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ ЇХ ПОГЛИБЛЕНОГО ВИВЧЕННЯ

The article analyses the practice of using general theoretical provisions, studied within the discipline «General Theory and Philosophy of Law», in the argumentative parts of court decisions. The decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as well as the Supreme Court were chosen as the objects of the research. It is established that in its decisions, the European Court of Human Rights often uses such theoretical constructions as «legal guarantees of human rights», «limits of using human rights» and «legal relations» as a component of argumentation, defines quality criteria of legislative acts and approaches to the interpretation of evaluative concepts. Interpreting constitutional norms, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine operates with such general theoretical provisions as «social state: concept and features», «rule of law: concept and elements», «legal regulation of public relations», «legal acts: concept, types», «legality», «validity and direction of normative legal acts action». Such institutions of general theory of law as «collisions of legal norms and ways to overcome them», «gaps in legislation and ways to overcome them», «hidden shortcomings of normative legal acts of Ukraine and ways to overcome them» have been chosen for argumentation in the decisions of the Supreme Court. Attention is drawn to the fact that the court practice simultaneously illustrates the need to develop general theoretical provisions and their adaptation to the needs of direct law enforcement. The proposal to introduce a separate topic of legal technique into the course of general theory and philosophy of law is substantiated. This topic should cover three main types of legal techniques: norm drafting, law interpretation and law enforcement. Emphasis is placed on the importance of studying the topic «Defects in normative legal acts: concept, types, methods of elimination and overcoming». In particular, it should formulate a theoretical model of the hierarchy of ways to overcome collisions and inconsistencies between legal norms. It is proposed to expand the study of such general theoretical blocks as «Legal guarantees and limits of using human rights», «Legal acts», «Quality of legislative acts», «Interpretative legal acts». The opinion is expressed about the expediency of studying a new topic «Legal Argumentation» within the general theory of law. The necessity of normative consolidation of basic provisions of the general theory of law, in particular in the laws on normative legal acts or principles of law-making is pointed out.

Problemy prawne i dylematy etyczne w badaniach autoetnograficznych w pedagogice resocjalizacyjnej

The aim of this article is to present and analyze the legal problems and ethical dilemmas of researchers studying difficult ways of life. There are a lot of questions about the ethical, acceptable and legal ways of research and in relation to the participants of the research. The practical aim of this article is to answerthe question what we should do when we face different ethical dilemmas in our studies. A special difficult situation occurs to the researcher – pedagogue of social rehabilitation, because by conducting research on the phenomena of social exclusion or social pathology they describe and analyze situations related to crime, para-criminal behaviors, addictions, and provide profound diagnosis of disorders or therapy. During scientific research, the scholar penetrates the difficult situations, faces ethical dilemmas and encounters legal problems. Legal awareness and ethical responsibility are the guarantees of the pedagogue’s safety but above all the safety of the respondents. Although the article is not a complete and comprehensive study, it responds to the needs of researchers who themselves have to answer many questions about legal issues and solve many ethical dilemmas in the process of collecting and developing data.

Protection of the Rights of Parties, Participants and Third Parties During Enforcement in Republic of North Macedonia

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the protection offered to parties, participants and third parties during enforcement, as one of the most important requirements of the enforcement procedure. Having in mind that bailiffs except for implementing enforcement, they are also competent to determine the means by which creditors’ claims will be fulfilled. The realization of the creditors’ claims does not mean use of any kind of measure or enforcement procedural activity. In this context the authors review ways in which debtors and their family members can be protected during enforcement actions, such as measures of exclusion and restriction of enforcement on the debtor’s items and income. Furthermore, the authors elaborate other legal and important ways for protection of parties, participants and third parties, such as opposition to illegality and complaints provided by the Law on Enforcement. In this regard, results of this research have shown that the RNM is making efforts to create a more effective enforcement system, which includes guarantees not only for the protection of the creditor and the debtor as a party, but also for the participants and third parties. From the enforcement experiences of citizens were reported dissatisfaction and complaints of citizens regarding the performance of bailiffs, namely taking the necessary means of subsistence form them. To avoid this situation Amendments on the Law on Enforcement in 2020 were brought, so the legal framework was clarified in terms of measures for exclusion and restriction of enforcement. This resulted in the prevention of economic damage of debtors and their family, because now no action can be taken if the debtor has an average salary or pension. Extraordinary legal remedies in enforcement proceeding are excluded, but there are other safeguards that are related to enforcement process but are not regulated by the Law on Enforcement.

COMMUNICATIVE AND LEGAL NIHILISM AS A PHENOMENON DISCREDITING THE COMMUNICATIVE-LEGAL CULTURE OF YOUTH: SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the study and analysis of young people's ideas about communicative and legal nihilism and ways to overcome it as factors that discredit the communicative and legal culture of young people. The paper analyzes various concepts that reveal the foundations of the definitions of "nihilism", "communicative nihilism" and" legal nihilism". Thus, it is noted that nihilism is a socio-cultural negative phenomenon based on the denial of everything that exists, or some aspects of life (legal, communicative, cultural, etc.). Based on this, the article points out that among the main reasons for the manifestation of the nihilistic attitude are: incorrect interpretation and interpretation of the norms of law and the rules of communication, unwillingness to master the communicative and legal foundations, as well as distrust of the legislation. At the same time, taking into account these reasons for the nihilistic attitude, which lead to the inability to understand the laws, communicative nihilism is manifested, which is "ideological passivity", "communicative skepticism", which is expressed in discrediting the oral and written statements and actions of other persons and authorities. The article also describes the results of the author's sociological survey, which indicate the presence of a high degree of nihilistic manifestations in society in relation to legal norms (laws) and rules for the implementation of communicative interaction. Such destructive tendencies cause concern for our bright future, since nihilistic trends destroy values, moral ideals, in general, and in particular the process of forming a communicative and legal culture of young people, inspired by the spirit of tolerance, tolerance for everything different. In conclusion, the author draws conclusions about the importance and necessity of preventing communicative and legal nihilistic manifestations in the youth environment, and also indicates the mechanisms for their prevention.

Justice in arbitration: the consumer perspective

PurposeArbitration – a binding private third-party adjudication – has been the primary legal way for resolution of consumer disputes. Consumers, however, rarely use arbitration to resolve their disputes while evidence suggests that their disputes remain unresolved. Contrary to the current prevailing emphasis on who is winning in arbitration, this study aims to establish that consumers believe that the court is more just than arbitration, regardless of the outcome. This study further establishes that consumers’ perceived poor legitimacy and lack of familiarity, not cost calculation, are what drive their justice perception.Design/methodology/approachIn three experimental studies, participants were presented with scenarios in which they were to envision themselves amid a consumer dispute. The scenarios were followed by survey questions that examined individuals’ perceptions of justice. Three mediating variables of legitimacy, cost and familiarity were also examined.FindingsThe results suggest that consumers hold a high perception of justice for court as opposed to arbitration. Even though a favorable outcome increases consumers’ perception of justice, the results suggest that consumers find courts to be fairer regardless of the outcome. Familiarity and legitimacy mediate this relationship, not cost.Originality/valueCurrent research does not provide an adequate explanation for consumers’ underutilization of arbitration nor does it focus on correct factors. Studies in psychology and law primarily focus on ex post feelings of individuals after dispute resolution, ex post favorable outcomes and ex ante cost–benefit analysis. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study for the first time analyzes ex ante consumer perception of justice.

Waqf governance in the Republic of Guinea: legal framework, issues, challenges and way forward

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to seek to establish an effective governance framework for waqf (Islamic endowment) in the Republic of Guinea that would assist in enhancing socio-economic activities and eradicating poverty in the country. Design/methodology/approach It examines key governing features within the said country’s waqf legal framework and undertakes a comparison with other countries’ legal frameworks. This paper also examines waqf-related legal references of Guinea and other countries and analyses relevant online sources such as journal articles, research papers, webpages as well as informal discussions with persons informed on the subject matter within and outside the Republic of Guinea. Findings This paper identifies a number of prevailing issues affecting the development of the institution of waqf in the Republic of Guinea and, thereafter, proposes key reformatory measures. These include the passing of general codified legislation that comprehensively governs waqf affairs in the country and the setting up of a dedicated supervisory entity and competent managerial bodies to ensure the smooth and effective operation of the institution in the country. Originality/value This research proposes an innovative and befitting governance framework for waqf operations in the Republic of Guinea. These recommendations, if correctly adopted, would ensure the viability and efficacy of the institution of waqf in the Republic of Guinea and would lead to socio-economic development, as has been the case in other nations. Moreover, other countries with underdeveloped waqf governance systems could also model their waqf operations based on these recommendations, as they are most likely already encountering or going to encounter identical issues in this particular field.

Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kredit Dengan Jaminan Fidusia Pada PT. Pegadaian (persero) Kantor Wilayah I Medan

Abstract The high demand of public for installment plans with fiduciary security has changed PT. Pegadaian (Persero), a state-owned enterprise which business was initially about auction launches a financing product i.e. KREASI (Installment Plans with Fiduciary System). However, in practice, the implementation of this product is different form Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security. This is the background of this research. This research is conducted to discover how the agreement of Installment Plans with Fiduciary System is implemented and executed in PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Regional Office 1 Medan and why it is implemented differently from what is regulated in Law on Fiduciary Security.This is a normative juridical research which uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. This research is descriptive analytical. The instrument used to collect the data consist of library research and field research at the PT. Pegadaian (Persero), Regional Office 1 Medan.The research result demonstrate that fiduciary security in its execution is not registered in consensus way in which defaulted debtors are given an opportunity to sell their collateral by themselves (motorcycles or cars) and if they are not willing to have consensus, they can take legal way through a court. The implementation of Regulations of Directors of PT. Pegadaian Number 67/DIR.I/2016 dated September, 2016 on Technical Guidance to online KREASI contradicts the provisions stipulated in Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary Security because it differently implements Article 5 paragraph (1) and Article 11 paragraph (1), in which some installment plans which is implemented by using underhanded letter and by not registering it do not provide any legal certainty in its execution in case of debtors’ default (Article 15 and 29) and may harm state finance. It is suggested that regulation of Directors of PT. Pegadaian on Installment Plans with Fiduciary System be revised and fully adjusted to the Law No. 42/1999 on Fiduciary System and that small installment plans be implemented by using auction security. Keywords: Credit Agreement, Fiduciary Security

Flexibility in International Economic Law vs. Pacta Sunt Servanda: Maintaining Legitimacy Over Time

Pacta sunt servanda is a key principle in international law, which ensures order, stability and legal security in international relations. It renders commitments in international law generally binding unless a country decides to withdraw from them. This paper argues that the protection of market access rights requires considerable flexibility in order to remain suitable for the strict application of the principle pacta sunt servanda, since market realities change quickly, therewith altering the nature of corresponding international obligations. With regard to the interpretation of the legal scope of, in particular, the general exception clauses in international economic law, otherwise inconsistent trade measures originating in a popular vote qualify in principle as ‘necessary for the protection of public morals’ (within the meaning of GATT Art. XX(a) or GATS Art. XIV(a)). Reverting to majority decisions in a popular vote on most pressing concerns regarding trade policy would, thus, provide a legal way of mending the gap between international economic law and governance of trade-related issues.

A Study on the Improvement System of National COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE Activities

Purpose: Counter-intelligence means any act in response to hostile foreign intelligence activities. Since the activities of intelligence agencies inherently recognize security as the greatest virtue, it was not easy to ap-proach it in the academic field. However, the global information environment is changing rapidly. In the tradi-tional concept of espionage, espionage was carried out mainly in the political and military areas, but in com-prehensive security situations, information collection on various forms can take place, requiring a flexible strat-egy. Method: However, despite the fact that anti-spy operations can directly be involved in infringement of the basic rights of the people, the fact that minimal ground rules exist is a problem that requires improvement in terms of the rule of law of information activities. Furthermore, the problem of this study is that even assuming the objective consideration that anti-spy work is necessary to guarantee basic rights of the people, and that it is not appropriate to impose public and judicial control such as investigation procedures, it is unfortunately not. In response, this study proposed improvements to prevent concerns about infringement of the basic rights of the people by guaranteeing practical anti-spy work in a changing environment. Result: The first is the expansion of the concept and scope of the anti-spy. In other words, if the Framework Act on Anti-Spy is enacted, the concept of anti-spy should be set as an active and active anti-spy concept, not a passive or passive anti-spy concept, to diversify anti-spy operations and respond to both traditional and non-traditional threats. In addition, the government proposed the expansion of spy agencies to cope with the diver-sification of security threats due to changes in the information environment. Second, he pointed out existing problems and made some forward-looking suggestions regarding the smooth performance of anti-spy operations. The most important confirmation here is the stipulation of the means of collection and verification of anti-spy information. The method of collecting anti-spy intelligence can be distin-guished in legal and realistic ways, and the factual methods such as collecting human information, technical information, and public source information are problematic. Conclusion: In particular, legal grounds and reliability, such as undercovering the identity or operating an in-formant, are problematic in the intelligence officer s performance of specific espionage tasks. In order to dispel this, it was confirmed that there is a need for evidence that the staff of the spy agency can impersonate their identity in specific tasks, and a legal basis that the spy agency can operate a cooperative.

Problems of Legal Regulation Tourism Safety Problems and Ways to Solve Them

The article provides a general description of the safety of tourism, namely: the history of the issue of ensuring safety in tourism is analyzed, the concept, types and tasks of tourism safety are revealed, and the classification of risks (threats) and sources of danger in the field of tourism is considered; defined the concept, structure and content of the administrative and legal institute of tourism safety, and also disclosed the legal regulation in the field of tourism safety; disclosed the concept and content of administrative and legal tourism safety regime, classify it into types (sub-regimes); describes the administrative and legal measures to ensure the safety of tourism; highlighted the main security problems in the field of tourism and formulate ways to solve them. The purpose of the thesis is a comprehensive and comprehensive research theoretical and practical problems of administrative and legal ensuring the safety of tourism.

How are Human Rights in the Concept of a State? A Review Book 'Negara Hukum dan Asasi Manusia', Dr. Bahder Johan Nasution, S.H., SM., M.Hum., CV Mandar Maju, Bandung, 2017, 286 pages, ISBN: 978-979-538-382-6

For a long time, the issue of the state of law and human rights has always been debated among state legal experts and political thinkers. The purpose is to find an ideal concept about the state of law and the protection of human rights. However, for centuries, the concept of the state of law and the protection of human rights that are considered ideal has always been a debate. Moreover, so far there has been an impression that understanding human rights protection is superficially understood because it is only seen as mere moral guidelines. That understanding is wrong understanding because the understanding is not only on the moral order but also on the legal order. The facts show that, as a result of a superficial understanding of human rights, respect and also the enforcement of human rights are often not carried out properly as envisioned by a state of law. Based on this fact, this book has been compiled by referring to various literatures on constitutional law, political science and philosophy, which also describe the concept of the state of law and human rights, the concept of sovereignty and democracy, and the concepts of protection and the enforcement of human rights. Thus, the reader's understanding of the concept of the state of law and human rights can be understood in its entirety The understanding is not only in the concept of the state of law in legal formal way, but also in understanding more theoretical and philosophical concepts. Likewise, the understanding of human rights is also not only about conceptual understanding, but also understanding in the form of respect and protection of human rights implemented through the enforcement of human rights law.

Problems of Legal Qualification of the Financial Collateral in Cash

The article analyzes the distinctive features of the financial collateral in cash as a special form of commercial charge. The analysis is relevant for its legal qualification and distinguishment from another form of charge established in the Civil Code – the pledge of monetary funds in the bank account of a pledgor. A proper legal classification of the collateral in cash is important not only for determining the extent of the rights and obligations between the collateral taker and the collateral provider, but also affects the possibility of other financial collateral provider’s creditors to have their claims satisfied in insolvency proceedings. The classification of collateral in cash through the lens of legal consequences, which is used in the legal practice, does not reveal the peculiarities of this type of collateral, therefore the article will examine its other legally significant features. The article also analyses the causes of legal qualification errors and ways to eliminate them.

Food Security of the Russian Federation: Concept, Indicators, Levels, Measures of State Support, Problematic Legislative Aspects

The article considers the concept and system of food security indicators, analyzes the levels and measures of state support for agriculture as a basic branch of the economy, aimed at providing citizens with high-quality and affordable food products in sufficient quantities. The authors pay special attention to the study of state support measures for agricultural producers after Russia’s accession to the WTO. It also analyzes certain problematic legislative aspects of the topic under study and suggests appropriate legal ways to solve them, namely, to make certain additions and establish legal norms in a separate Chapter of the Federal law "On agricultural development", as well as to develop a draft and adopt a Federal law "On ensuring food security of the Russian Federation" in the near future.

PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE OF CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES

After the disintegration of the USSR, the Central Asian countries started to pursue independent development strategies and identified new domestic policy priorities. It is of special scholarly interest to compare the efforts by Central Asian governments to improve female representation in politics. The article is devoted to the consideration of state policies and measures aimed at increasing the participation of women in political institutions in Central Asia. The most and the least effective strategies for women's political empowerment were highlighted based on the analysis of the regulatory framework in the field of women's empowerment, as well as on the degree of application of gender statistics and gender budgeting. In particular, the authors address the matter of electoral gender quotas, which are already introduced by Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. It is stressed that the adoption of this policy tool in the two counties has had its limitations, taking into consideration the existence of legal ways to circumvent the gender-quota requirements. The authors also indicate Kazakhstan’s progress in collecting gender data that is “open, accessible, comparable, free and understandable”. Improving data quality and representativeness facilitates the development of practical steps to achieve gender equality in politics. At the same time, theьauthors point out a negative trend in the region: some countries are gradually moving away from having aьdistinct strategy pertaining to genderьissues. Such approach may shift the focus from closing the gender gap to solving a wider range of social policy issues. The article shows that in general the countries in question implement a conservative gender policy and are not inclined to fully effect such practices as gender budgeting and the collection of relevant and complete gender statistics. It is concluded that Russia has an opportunity to act as a trendsetter, in particular by applying a gender-sensitive approach in providing development assistance to the countries of Central Asia.

De-confining borders: towards a politics of freedom of movement in the time of the pandemic

ABSTRACT This article, primarily focused on Europe, charts some of the momentous transformations in bordering practices, migration and global mobility that have been sparked by the new coronavirus pandemic. In a first part it argues that since the onset of the pandemic, the enduring ‘global mobility apartheid’ which uses citizenship and visa restrictions to police the differential access to mobility founded on race and class, has been supplemented by a fluctuating ‘sanitary apartheid’, seeking to separate populations designated as at risk of Covid-19 infection from those designated as Covid-free. While these logics are distinct, where states have conflated them, we have seen eruptive and mutating border violence. In a second more normative part the article seeks to rethink the demand for freedom of movement in the context of the pandemic, arguing that allowing migrants who today are illegalised to move in safe and legal ways is also the condition to implement sanitary measures to protect the health of migrants and sedentary populations alike. Adopting a mobility justice approach, the article also argues that the excessive mobility of the privileged through air travel that has been a major factor in spreading the virus and contributes to ecological destruction should be limited. Ultimately this article calls for re-thinking the politics of (im)mobility in the context of the pandemic as part of the process of transformation towards a more just and sustainable world.

Withdrawal of Criminal Charges for the Sake of Public Interest in Ethiopia: Exploring Legal Gaps and Way Forward

All criminal cases do not lead to either conviction or acquittal after completion of trial. Midway, the cases may be withdrawn from the records of the criminal courts. In Ethiopia, power to withdraw criminal charges for the sake of public interest is absolutely vested in the hand of Attorney General (AG). Unfortunately, the Ethiopian laws are failed to define and lists some illustrations what constitutes public interest. In such a case, the AG has become lynch pin in disposal of cases otherwise than on merits. Thus, such power of the AG for withdrawal of criminal charges from prosecution for the sake of public interest has become a controversial topic in the criminal proceedings and in fact it is a peculiar power entrusted to the AG. The main objective of the article is to examine the existing normative frameworks of Ethiopian criminal justice system that regulating withdrawal of criminal charges for the sake of public interest. In order to achieve the intended aims, this article has employed doctrinal legal research on which legal analysis of the principal legislations was the focal point. In so doing, the study has identified a lot of legal vacuums. Accordingly, the study found absence of clear and comprehensive definition of the phrase public interest; lack of legal way outs for consideration of views and concerns of victims of crimes; absence of review mechanism in a case where the AG withdraw criminal charges arbitrary; lack of time limitation for continuation of criminal charges after withdrawal and empowering exclusive mandate and wide discretionary power to AG in withdrawing criminal charges alone are the main ones. Amongst others, it is recommended that the Ethiopian law maker should amend and enact a law governing withdrawal of criminal charges under the guise of public interest.

The Principle of Dominance and the Limitation of Changing the Use of Agricultural and Garden Lands

Because the owner of an agricultural land, due to his/her personal rights is allowed to use the land in any legitimate and legal way he/she desires; however, the rights of the society and the future humans forbids the owner to use the land in ways that would harm the public/society. Based on the stated content, it is concluded that the ownership right is absolutely preserved for the real owner based on the principle of dominance, but in cases where this right is conflictual with societal rights, the societal rights would be counted prioritized over the former, and therefore it would be necessary to control personal rights. This preference has a clear and obvious instance in the context of changing the use of agricultural and garden lands; and it is rational that the society’s right will be dominant over the rights of the owner of agricultural and garden lands.

Role of Corporate Finance Law in Corporations

This paper has focused on the role of corporate finance law in corporations. Corporations, in Pakistan has been governed by the Companies Act, 2017, aims to maximize the profit by minimizing the risk, possesses a separate legal personality having rights and duties towards the outside world. As the word corpus means body; Companies enjoys separate legal personality from its shareholder, members and directors. British East India Company was the first business corporation that have earned profit for its members. A company is formed by due process of law and not otherwise. Company if is created by limited number of shareholders i.e. two to fifty it is a private company and in other case it is a public company. A public company formulated by due process of law possesses separate corporate personality, the liability of its members is limited and also has many other distinct characteristics. Corporate Finance Law is legal aspect of financial management of a public corporation and focuses to manage the finance of a company in legal ways. It governs the decision making process in the company and provide a six step process of financial decision making, it helps to reduce agency cost and transaction cost by tackling agency relations between different limbs of the company i.e. shareholders, managers and third party. By all these means it objects to achieve the basic aim of a company i.e. to earn profit and minimize the risk.

FORMATION AND DYNAMICS OF ANTI-TERRORIST PROTECTION OF OBJECTS: PRIVATE LAW ASPECT

The relevance of the article is due to the lack of scientific research devoted to the investigation of private law aspects of anti-terrorist protection of objects. Traditionally considered within the framework of public law legal sciences, the activity on countering terrorism has not had time to find its reflection in the works of domestic civil scientists. The author of this publication takes a new attitude to the question of what – public or private – legal-means provide this protection at various stages of social development. The author’s idea is aimed at finding and identifying the period of formation of legal regulation of relations of anti-terrorist protection of objects, highlighting its private legal aspects, considering its dynamics in different historical periods of the state’s development, as well as studying its current state. The solution of these problems is the purpose of this research. The methodology chosen by the author is due to the goal set. The author uses a historical approach to the study of relations in the field of anti-terrorist protection of objects in order to determine the stage of formation of legal means of regulating these relations. The dialectical method allows us to trace the change and development of legal regulation in a particular historical period. The use of general logical research methods contributes to the objective consideration of the available facts separately and in relation to the state of public relations that existed at a particular time. During the scientific search, it was found that the legal regulation of the studied relations was formed in the second half of the XIX century, had a public-legal character, was due to the increased level of terrorist threats and contained a private-law aspect. The author proves that the change in the legal means of regulating relations on the antiterrorist protection of objects depends on the emerging social relations, based on their analysis, three stages were identified: «pre-revolutionary», «Soviet» and «modern». It is proved that the current stage of the development of civil turnover is characterized by a combination of public and private legal ways to ensure the studied protection. It is identified that the corresponding type of contract for the provision of services acts as the main civil legal mean.

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗРАБОТКИ ПРОГРАММЫ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЮ ПРОТИВОПРАВНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ

The article presents the results of research on the causes of teenagers’ illegal behavior at school and their personal characteristics that provoke illegal behavior. It is assumed that many crimes are committed by teenagers involuntarily, and acquiring legal knowledge contributes to the development of adequate social activity, helps to determine the line between what is allowed and what is forbidden and choose legal ways and means to protect personal rights and interests. The article reveals the content of the program of measures to prevent teenagers’ illegal behavior in an educational institution.