Legal Reserve Research Articles

1)Definition of Free Gifts in Calculating Legal Reserve of Inheritance and Its Application to Trusts

The tools with which the deceased transfer their property to their heirs have varied. How to define free gifts in calculating legal reserve of inheritance in these various property successions is an important issue. In this Essay, I direct attention to the concept of ‘free gifts’ stipulated in Article 1113 of the Civil Act. I noticed the ways of calculating the amount of legal reserve of inheritance in which multiple parties participates especially in trusts. A trust is a legal relationship involving multiple parties so it has a similar aspect to a contract in favour of third person. But the beneficiary of the trust who is often called equitable owner in common law system has a stronger position than that of a simple creditor. Therefore it should be deemed that the value of the beneficial interest has been donated directly by the truster to the beneficiary when a property is transferred using a trust. Inter-vivos trust as will substitute is often substantively a gift mortis causa granting beneficial interest in trust to a beneficiary. As such, it is reasonable to include the value of the beneficial interest in the base property in calculating reserved share. And it should be allowed for the holder of revised share to claim for the return of it against the beneficiary by way of claiming the transfer of beneficial interest. In the case of trusts established by will, the beneficiary’s interest is calculated as a gift from the truster to the beneficiary. Therefore the value of the beneficial interest should be treated the same as the gift for the special beneficiary in calculating legal reserve of inheritance.

)A Few Issues regarding the Inheritance Share Adjustment System

With the acceleration of social aging, the weakening of family relationships and the concept of family property, and the strengthening of the concept of personal property, the need for the inheritee to procure support and nursing care for himself and his spouse during the lifetime with his property has increased, and the inheritee’s desire for efficient succession of his property has also grown. On the other hand, the family solidarity, which is the basis for the legal reserve of inheritance, is weakening, and there is a growing need for contribution compensation regardless of the status of heirs. The social necessity to more actively reflect the intent of the inheritee is increasing. However, according to Korean Civil Act, it is impossible to abolish the heir or designate the shares of inheritance according to the will, and it is not clear whether the adjustment of special beneficiary can be exempted. The freedom of the will is largely suppressed. The Supreme Court of Korea, in its 2010da66644 judgment sentenced on December 8, 2011, stipulated that ‘the ratio of the portion given by the inheritee as an advance payment of the inheritance should be evaluated and judged’, in substance, drew a flexible conclusion similar to recognizing the exemption from the adjustment of special beneficiary. In principle, the portion excluded from the special benefit is not added to the basic property for calculating the legal reserve of inheritance, and it should be considered that the legal reserve of inheritance is calculated accordingly. By actively recognizing the exemption from adjustment of special benefit, it is desirable to make flexible and reasonable adjustments to the inheritance share in a way that alleviates the rigidity of the current rules regarding the contributory portion and the legal reserve of inheritance, thereby sufficiently secures the realization scope of the inheritee’s intent.

Arthropods associated to tree canopies in the edges of a forest fragment in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil

The Cerrado biome occupies 22% of Brazil's land area and has one of the highest levels of endemism of flora and fauna species of any biome. As components of the fauna, the arthropods stand out as they perform several functions within ecosystems and serve as bioindicators of environmental quality. This work aimed to evaluate the association of the arthropod fauna with tree canopies in an area surrounding a fragment of a legal reserve adjacent to a coffee plantation. The study was conducted at the Juliana farm (18°43'29"S; 47°29'55"W), located in the municipality of Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The canopy net methodology was used, in which a net bag was wrapped around the branches and shaken five times, covering the four cardinal directions in the crowns of 20 trees. The contents of the net were placed in plastic bags, sealed, identified, and taken to the laboratory. Twelve monthly collections were performed between August 2018 and July 2019, for a total of 240 samples. The collected specimens were identified in taxonomic groups using a taxonomic key. During the sampling period, 804 individuals were collected, belonging to 56 taxa of the classes Arachnida and Insecta. Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) was the most representative tree species, with 50% of the sampled taxa found in its branches. The order Araneae and the families Asilidae and Tephritidae (Diptera) and Formicidae (Hymenoptera) were the predominant taxa in the faunistic analysis. As potential predators, Araneae and Formicidae were the most important groups and were found in all tree species sampled. The families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) were the most common among the parasitoids. We conclude that the legal reserve and permanent preservation areas maintain populations of tree species that can generate a survival site for natural enemies and other canopy arthropods.

The Effect of Applying Banking Regulations on Banking Performance of MENA Region Countries

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of applying banking regulations on banking performance. This has been conducted on 19 MENA region countries (Egypt, Sudan, Lebanon, Libya, Iraq, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Palestine, Oman, Djibouti, Turkey, Kuwait, Jordan, and Mauritania), on a yearly basis over the period from 2008 to 2018.
 Banking regulations have been measured by each of capital adequacy requirements (capital base to risk-weighted assets), liquidity requirements (liquid assets to total assets), legal reserve requirements (balances with CB to banks' deposit), leverage requirements (total equity to total assets) and provisions policy (total provisions to total capital), while Banking performance has been measured by each of banking efficiency using (data envelopment analysis "DEA" & operational efficiency ratio), banking stability (ABSI & Z-score indexes), credit risk ("non-performing loans" & "provisions for non-performing loans") and profitability (return on assets & return on equity).
 Results indicate that there is a significant effect of applying banking regulations on each of "banking efficiency", "banking stability", "credit risk" and "profitability". This has been conducted using panel data analysis according to static panel models (SPM) according to three models (pooled regression, fixed effects, and random effects).

Instrumentos de comando e controle para a conservação da natureza em terras privadas sempre fracassam?

Abstract Command and control instruments for the conservation of nature on private property are widely considered to be costly and inefficient at achieving significant conservation. In the city of Bonito (MS), an initiative called “Projeto Formoso Vivo”, aimed at the protection of native vegetation, sought to promote rural techniques that significantly aid the protection and restoration of Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves in Brazil. The aim of this article is to analyze the reach of this project from landholders’ perspective, focusing on the adequacy of rural properties to the current legal-environmental regime for native vegetation protection. Qualitative analysis was conducted through a series of interviews to gauge respondent’s perceptions of the “Projeto Formoso Vivo” initiative. Results show that all respondents recognized the importance of the project and consider it possible to reconcile the economic value of private properties with the requirements of areas destined for conservation.

The Relationship Between Liquidity Risk and Profitability in the Commercial Banks Listed in Amman Stock Exchange

This study aimed to evolve the relationship between liquidity risk and the profitability among commercial banks (n=16) listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. The evolution was based on the annual reports from 2010 to 2019. A suitable multiple regression model was used to achieve this goal, which indicated no statistically significant relationship between the liquidity risk indicators and the majority of profitability indicators. However, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) index was statistically significant with the Utilization Ratio (UR). Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between the return on equity and the legal reserve ratios and the funds’ investment. This study recommends raising the awareness of the relationship between the indicators of liquidity risk and profitability among the financial policy planer in Jordanian commercial banks because the maintained level of liquidity will undoubtedly affect the volume of investments in banks. Thus, influencing the bank market value by increasing the share on the stock exchange.

Will and the legal reserve of inheritance in Korean law

Part V of the Korean Civil Code regulates legal relations in respect of inheritance. Of the three chapters that comprise Part V, the first Chapter stipulates general provisions, thereby governing inheritance in the absence of a will. The second Chapter lays down the legal norms regarding wills, whereas the last of the chapters is dedicated to the ‘legal reserve of inheritance’, the reserved portion in the inherited property of the deceased person. From a comparative law perspective the legal reserve of inheritance is far from an institution unique to Korea. On the contrary, most jurisdictions have legislation that addresses issues of disinheritance in some form or other. The trait that is relatively characteristic of Korean law is that it chooses to strongly protect the right of the legal reserve of inheritance, which in turn results in limiting the freedom of testation. This was a conscious decision made by the legislator in the late 1970s, some 17 years after the Civil Code was enacted and entered into force, when Korean lawmakers inserted a new Chapter on the legal reserve of inheritance into Part V (Inheritance) in an effort to reflect traditional family values that placed special emphasis on family ties. This objective of this paper is to offer an overview of wills and the legal reserve of inheritance in Korean inheritance law. Looking at how the inheritee voluntarily (by means of a will) and involuntarily (by means of the legal reserve of inheritance) disposes of his/her assets after passing away, will hopefully help shed light on some characteristics of Korean inheritance law.

Geoprocessing and Landscape Ecology for Assessment Fragmentation and Connectivity of the Habitats of the Microregion of Ceres, Goiás (Brazil)

This study aimed to map and evaluate the evolution of habitat fragmentation between 2009 and 2018, using the Microregion of Ceres (Goiás) as a sample reference, using principles of Landscape Ecology. The methodology comprised the mapping of the fragments in the two years analyzed, using the OLI/Landsat 8 sensor, using scenes 222/70 and 222/71. The SPRING 5.2 software was used, where the supervised classification was performed, applying the semi-automatic process. The computational algorithm applied to classify the scenes was Maxver, which classifies pixel by pixel and groups the information of each one into homogeneous regions. After extracting the fragments of native vegetation, the methodology proposed by Juvanhol et al. (2011), in which the fragments were grouped into classes: Very Small (MP) ≤5 hectares; Small (P) ≥5.01 and ≤10 hectares; Medium (M) ≥10.01 and ≤100 hectares and Large (G) ≥100.01 hectares. For the analysis based on metrics in Landscape Ecology, the ArcGis 9.2 Patch Analyst extension was used. The results showed the expansion of vegetation cover areas in the study area, concentrated on tops of hills, APP and legal reserves. However, they pointed out intense fragmentation of native vegetation, which hinders the performance of fragments as habitats. It is considered that, from the contemporary problem of degradation of natural environments to the detriment of economic development, studies like this are necessary in order to identify existing environmental problems and propose strategies to minimize and mitigate ecological imbalances.

A Review of the Disinheritance Bill from the Legislative Perspective

Recently, the Korean government has proposed a bill for the disinheritance to the Korean Assembly, which provides that the testator can request the disinheritance of the presumptive heir to the family court in the case of the material breach of his/her duty of support or in the case of serious crime against the testator, his/her spouse or lineal relatives. Although it was inspired by the disqualification of legal reserve of inheritance system in the German Civil law, there are two important differences. First, the testator can claim for the disinheritance of the presumptive heir while he/she is still alive; secondly, his/her heirs can claim it after the testator’s death. It looks similar to the disherison system in the Japanese Civil law, but it is the combination of the German system and the disqualification of inheritance by trial system in Franch Civil law in order to implement the Austrian concept, which allows the heir can carry out the intent of the testator on his behalf if the testator fails to die before he makes a will for the disinheritance of the presumptive heir. This paper is written to explain the structure and the details of the bill and to prompt the discussion for the introduction of a best disinheritance system suitable for the unique situation of Korea.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY ON INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Women empowerment has become a burning issue in whole world. But few years back the status of women in comparison to men was very inferior and no one talking about the equality between the men and women. Gradually peoples are now demanding for equal rights, opportunities and status of women as equal with men not more than men. So, every country needs to focus on this issue regarding women’s equality and have some legal provision which benefit them. Some countries during constitution making have some legal provisions regarding them along with that we need other legal reservations and opportunities for women empowerment. In this article the writer focused on the empowerment of women in India. The writer focused on the concept of empowerment and women empowerment. What are the legal provisions in the Indian Constitution for the empowerment of women? what are the constitutional provisions for women empowerment? what are the schemes for women empowerment? Finally, the writer focusses on the barriers in the path of women empowerment and some possible suggestions.

Testing temporal benchmarks effects on the implementation of the new Brazilian Forest Act

Native vegetation in private lands plays an important role in providing ecosystem services and safeguarding biodiversity worldwide. Legal protection rules of this vegetation are thus crucial. In Brazil, since 1934, there has been a requirement for landowners to preserve a percentage of their land covered with native vegetation, the Legal Reserve. However, the 1934 legislation applies only to arboreal vegetation, while the protection of savannahs and grasslands begins after 1965 and 1989. The reference year for the application of Legal Reserves can thus have significant impacts on the amount of native vegetation legally protected. Here we tested the effects on Legal Reserve cover in São Paulo State, considering two different legal benchmarks as starting points: 1934 and 1965. Given that the 1934 law precedes the first aerial mapping in Brazil, we developed a methodology to estimate past native vegetation cover through a probabilistic approach. The forest deficit considering 1934 as the initial point is 3% lower than the one starting with the 1965 benchmark. Comparing both scenarios, the 1934 led to a reduction of 1255 farms with Legal Reserve deficit from a total of 30,417. For both scenarios, Legal Reserve deficits were concentrated in the West, Northwest, and Mid-west regions of the state. The outcomes showed that the benchmark change does not significantly affect the total area of Legal Reserves protection, the number of farms potentially benefited by this mechanism, and the amount of native vegetation deficit. However, the use of the 1934 as an initial date for considering protection of Legal Reserve can delay the implementation of the law due to a time-consuming farm-by-farm analysis, once the probabilistic map has an intrinsic limitation for an automatic process. Thus, the environmental gains with the adoption of 1934 as the initial date do not overcome the limitations of using a probabilistic map, suggesting that effective law enforcement depends on reliable and more recent baselines, allowing semi-automated analyses. This scientific evidence can be adopted by the other Brazilian States that have not yet defined the initial legal benchmark, balancing the advantages and disadvantages of adopting the 1934 Forest Act.

Identifying priority regions and territorial planning strategies for conserving native vegetation in the Cerrado (Brazil) under different scenarios of land use changes

The Cerrado biome covers approximately 20% of Brazil and it is crucial for the Water, Food, Energy, and Ecosystems (WFEE) nexus. Thus, in recent years, large areas of the undisturbed Cerrado have been converted into farmland. In this biome, according to the Brazilian Forest Code, farmers need to keep 20% of native vegetation (Legal Reserves – LRs). By exploring combined and isolated impacts of different scenarios of LR and Protected area (PA) arrangements, this study evaluated the importance of complementarity between LR compliance and the amount of PAs (including Conservation Units - CUs and Indigenous Lands - ILs) to reduce deforestation and conserve native vegetation in the Cerrado. Seven scenarios were investigated: a scenario that considers the current PA and the LR values foreseen in the Native Vegetation Protection Law – NVPL; three scenarios focused on production; and three focused on conservation. Considering the trend of the current scenario, the estimated loss of native vegetation will be 30% (30.6 million ha) by 2070. According to the model simulations, for two periods (2050 and 2070), the LR Elimination scenario (LRE) would cause a greater loss of native vegetation than the PA Elimination (PAE), and as expected, the exclusion of both (PALRE) would provide a greater loss of native vegetation. Native vegetation is concentrated mainly on agricultural properties. Taking our conservation-oriented scenarios as an example of conservation strategies, if there were no financial, practical, political, social or personal constraints, there is no doubt that the CPALRI scenario (Creation of Protected Areas and Legal Reserve Increase) is the best trajectory for conserving biodiversity. Therefore, private properties, through LRs, are essential for efficient planning of land use/cover as they ensure security in the WFEE nexus. The resulting projected scenarios are important to help decision makers in territorial planning and how to arbitrate territorial demands aiming at the rational use of the natural resources of the Cerrado.

Roadblock on the Way of Disabled Students in the Higher Education

The development of any nation depends on its citizens. Every citizen has their contribution to the development of a nation even the disabled person. They also have an equal rights to get a higher education. Higher education increases the chance of employability, thus, affirming dignified life for persons with disabilities. As per Census 2011, in India, out of the 121 Cr population, about 2.68 Cr persons are ‘disabled’ which is 2.21% of the total population. But it has been seen that very few of these people reach higher education. According to census 2011, 61% of the disabled children aged 5-19 years are attending an educational institution, 12% attended educational institutions earlier while 27% never attended educational institutions. That makes the author think and ask about how our higher education institutions are accessible for disabled students. How inclusive are our higher education institutions? In the light of the above-mentioned problems the present paper has discussed the education of children with special needs in higher education specifically with respect to visual impairment, hearing impairement, locomotor disability, and speech-related impairment. The discussion starts with what all kind of legal provisions and reservations which are there for them in higher education and how many are utilized and used by them. What all things are there in the new education policy for them specifically in higher education, whether their needs have been realized in detail or it has been just touched superficially and at the end, few suggestions related to all these issues have been discussed.

تاثیر سیاست سرکوب مالی بر ریسک پذیری اعتباری در نظام بانکی ایران

The problem of overdue receivables and non-performing loans, consequently, credit risk, has already been a major challenge in the Iranian banking system. Also, financial repression policy in most developing economies, such as Iran, is a common policy. The purpose of the present research is to outline the long-term effect of the central bank's monetary policy under conditions of financial repression on credit risk-taking in the Iranian banking sectors. This study was performed using ARDL in the period 2006-2007. The empirical results revealed that interest rate ceiling and restriction on legal reserve ratio policies have reduced the risk appetite of banks. Although misallocation of resources increased the credit risk, the periodic rises in exchange rates have been profitable for the companies, which are conducted under the banks' control due to revenue generation. Thus, the effect of risky lending has been somewhat offset in this way. Generally, it is concluded that the financial repression policy has reduced the credit risk in the Iranian banking sector.

Private reserves suffer from the same location biases of public protected areas

Setting aside private land is an essential component of the biodiversity crisis response. In Brazil, landowners are required to have Legal Reserves (LR) (20%–80% of their property set aside for native vegetation) which, if degraded, need to be restored. Alternatively, landowners can compensate for an LR deficit by purchasing surplus credits. Each landowner can define the location and spatial arrangement of their LR, affecting the reserve's ability to maintain biodiversity and provide ecosystem services (ES). We used hierarchical models to determine drivers for the amount and location of those LR in 3622 farms. The likelihood of setting aside part of the farm as LR (avoiding off-farm compensation) increased with farm size and extent of native vegetation cover, particularly for riparian areas and steep slopes, where conserving vegetation is also mandated in what are called Areas of Permanent Protection (APP). Properties with APP were more likely to meet the full LR requirement within their areas if located in areas of higher transportation costs and lower agricultural suitability. Within properties, the location of LR was mostly in areas with low agricultural suitability, high transportation cost, and close to APP. Landowners' decisions intend to maximize property income and reduce restoration costs, resulting in a spatial pattern similar to public protected areas — usually located on marginal land for agriculture. These areas do not necessarily provide the greatest biodiversity and ES benefits, suggesting that government interventions may be needed to encourage landowners to set aside native vegetation in ways that maximize conservation and ES outcomes.

Integrating ecological equivalence for native vegetation compensation: A methodological approach

Although offsetting schemes may avoid biodiversity loss, the implementation of these schemes can be challenging, given the difficulty of balancing biodiversity benefits with the resulting increase in compensation costs. Here we have developed a novel offsetting methodological approach to balance environmental gains and land availability to support the decision-making process and negotiations among stakeholders. We applied this approach for the compensation of Legal Reserves, a percentage of native vegetation area that landowners have to set apart in their rural properties in Brazil to maintain native vegetation. If landowners do not reach the Legal Reserves requirements on their land according to the law, they may compensate it in other equivalent properties. To balance environmental gains and land availability, we have developed a dynamic tool that allows users to objectively analyze results from multiple offsetting scenarios. These scenarios can combine different levels of abiotic and biotic equivalence requirements, along with the possibility of trading up, i.e. compensating in priority natural vegetation areas and/or priority areas for restoration, even without high equivalence, with the resulting balance on land availability. The proposed approach seeks to find acceptable solutions, balancing stakeholder requirements for ecological equivalence, land availability, and possibilities of trading up. This procedure can enhance the local trade of Legal Reserves compensation, minimizing biodiversity losses, and also reducing costs. Our case study shows that it is possible to apply ecological equivalence in a balanced manner for Legal Reserve compensation. Owing to its flexibility, the proposed approach and tool can be easily adopted by other compensation schemes worldwide, supporting the negotiation and decision-making processes, to reduce biodiversity loss.

Reforestation can compensate negative effects of climate change on amphibians

Climate and land-use change are major drivers of biodiversity loss, but their combined effects are still unclear. Reforestation may compensate or reduce climate change impacts on species, but this hypothesis has not been tested yet. Here we quantify the additive and synergistic effects of forest change – in particular, reforestation – and climate changes on ten endemic and forest-dependent anurans of the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We estimated climatic and habitat suitability for all species under historical and future (2050) conditions, using niche modeling and forest cover maps from a comprehensive land-use model. We contrasted a pessimistic land-use scenario, with little change in forest cover, with an optimistic scenario, with forest gain through restoration of “legal reserve” areas. Our models show that climate change will have species-specific effects on anurans, increasing climatic suitability for seven species, but decreasing for three. For these three species, we predict that forest gain can compensate the negative impact of climate change, increasing overall environmental suitability. These results reinforce the importance of ensuring reforestation and forest protection as a climate change adaptation strategy for biodiversity.

Landholders' perceptions on legal reserves and agricultural intensification: Diversity and implications for forest conservation in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

Forest conservation on privately owned lands is a cornerstone of the Brazilian environmental policy framework. Brazilian legislation requires that all farms in the country maintain and protect forest areas known as Legal Reserves. Since Legal Reserves have major implications for forest conservation and agricultural production, it is key that we understand landholders' perceptions towards Legal Reserves. We applied Q methodology to identify different perspectives of medium and large landholders on Legal Reserves and their relation to agricultural intensification in the municipality of Paragominas, eastern Amazon. We conducted 31 interviews in which landholders sorted 36 statements in a quasi-normal distribution array. Three groups of landholders were identified: 1) Land use planning enthusiasts (n = 16) were interested in zoning initiatives to explore alternative landscape designs and legislation that may deliver better conservation and production outcomes; 2) Agrochemical-based agriculture supporters (n = 7) held the most critical views against Legal Reserves and perceived their costs as higher than the potential environmental and life quality benefits; 3) Policy complacent-market responders (n = 4) showed no interest in Legal Reserves reforms and were the most market driven group.. While Paragominas has achieved notable successes in halting large-scale deforestation through a social “Green Municipality” pact, addressing persisting forest degradation and fragmentation in the region remains a key priority. Local governance initiatives that account for multi-stakeholder perceptions on forest conservation can foster dialogue and mutual understanding to effectively conserve and restore Legal Reserves. Insights on large landholders' perceptions on Legal Reserves can inform such governance processes to reconcile forest conservation and sustainable agricultural intensification in Paragominas.

The effect of the efficiency of monetary policy educational tools on the financial soundness of banks A pilot study in the Iraq Stock Exchange (2007-2017)

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the quantitative tools of monetary policy on the financial soundness of banks, and the research was based on a set of hypotheses, to determine the nature of the effect between independent and dependent variables, and for the purpose of testing research hypotheses, a number of financial ratios according to CAMEL indicators were used to analyze the historical data of banks, the research sample and the component From (7) banks for the period (2007-2017), the quantitative tools of monetary policy were used from the impact published in the Central Bank of Iraq, and a number of statistical methods were used, including time series testing, joint integration test and multiple regression test according to programs.EVIES10 has been reached through the research to a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the CAMEL classification system is one of the effective supervisory methods for assessing the financial soundness of banks and determining the duration of the strength and durability of their financial positions and the extent of their ability to adapt to any variables related to their activities, as it ensures that the banks are moving in the direction. Correct or reverse, and the weakness of the monetary policy tools applied by the Central Bank of Iraq due to the limited Iraqi market for securities as it is still incomplete conditions as a secondary market that contributes to expanding the circulation of securities, which constitutes a burden on the use of quantitative tools of the Central Bank of Iraq, especially open market operations,As well as the weakness of the legal reserve ratio in the impact on the ability of commercial banks to grant credit, because commercial banks in Iraq enjoy high liquidity due to the high rate of inflation significantly. The research also presented a set of proposals, the most important of which is the activation of the monetary policy tools of the Central Bank of Iraq, which is currently being used to modernize, develop and increase the efficiency of the stock market in Iraq to keep pace with developments in global markets,nd developing the supervisory and supervisory role of the Central Bank of Iraq over Iraqi banks in terms of the extent of their commitment to regulations and laws and activating and activating the banking sector in a way that serves to build a banking infrastructure that keeps pace with the development of international banks. Delinquency and low capital adequacy ratio, thus hedging and beware of any problems that arise in the banking sector. Key words: monetary policy, quantitative tools of monetary policy, financial soundness, the CAMEL model, Iraq Stock Exchange Market.

Hidrogeomorfometria da microbacia do rio Cutia, Amazônia Sul-Ocidental, Brasil

O planejamento da gestão dos recursos naturais é essencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável na região amazônica e tem como base as informações associadas às características da paisagem. Em face ao exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo disponibilizar informações geométricas, topográficas e hidrográficas da microbacia do rio Cutia, a qual pertence a bacia do rio Guaporé, importante bacia do estado de Rondônia. Estas informações foram obtidas por meio de equações disponibilizadas na literatura e sensoriamento remoto, utilizando os softwares QGIS 2.10.1, TrackMaker e Google Earth, e imagens altimétricas do satélite ALOS (Sensor Palsar). A microbacia tem área de 19,20 km2 de área, perímetro de 24,79 km, forma alongada, baixa suscetibilidade a enchentes, altitudes de 261 a 346 m, predominância de relevo suave ondulado (47,45%), 90,36% da área apta a extremamente apta a mecanização agrícola e com baixa influência na propagação de incêndios, rede de drenagem com padrão dendrítico, 5ª ordem de drenagem, alta densidade de nascentes, alta densidade de drenagem, coeficiente de manutenção de 342,7 m2 m-1, canal principal divagante e baixo tempo de concentração. A microbacia do rio Cutia tem potencial para implantação de sistemas agropecuários, no entanto, são recomendadas práticas de manejo conservacionistas do solo e da água, para mitigar o impacto destes sistemas nos recursos naturais. Também são recomendados estudos sobre a distribuição espacial da vegetação nativa em áreas protegidas por lei na microbacia (reservas legais e áreas de preservação permanente), para auxiliar na delimitação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação dos recursos hídricos.