Legal Legislation Research Articles

Determining Specialties of the Jordanian Court of Cassation in Its Civil Capacity (According to Reality and the Law)

The main objective of this research is to address the issue determining specialties of the Jordanian court of cassation according to reality and the law.
 To achieve this objective, the analytical comparative research design method is used depending on the legal legislations and the diligence of the Judiciary to remove ambiguity form them because of their importance and direct effect in determining specialty of court of cassation and to distinguish it from court of subject.
 This research is divided into two subjects: The essence of reality and essence of the law.
 The second topic has addressed specialty of court of cassation according to reality and the law, divided into two requirements: considering court of cassation as the upper Judicial body, and the second requirement about considering court of subject third degree of the Jurisdiction degrees.
 The research reached the presence of contradictions making it difficult to determine and to set a specific standard and the decisive line between what is reality and what is law.
 Based on the results, it is recommended the necessity for in-depth review and amendment of these two laws, setting independent legal texts for the civil trials principal law, organizing the Judges' authority technically to separate between reality and the law.

Основні напрямки нормотворчої діяльності ООН щодо забезпечення прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання

Забезпечення прав і свобод людини, зокрема права на свободу совісті і віросповідання, є одним із пріоритетів міжнародної спільноти. Свідченням цього є нормотворча діяльність ООН у відповідній сфері. Україна, розвиваючи власну правову систему та законодавство, дотримується взятих на себе міжнародних зобов’язань, у тому числі щодо захисту прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання. Метою статті є аналіз базових документів ООН у сфері свободи совісті і віросповідання та виділення основних напрямків розвитку нормотворчості Організації щодо забезпечення прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання. Наукова новизна статті полягає у виділенні основних напрямків діяльності ООН щодо забезпечення прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання, аналізі базових документів ООН щодо забезпечення у них гарантій і прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання, визначенні відповідності українського законодавства у сфері свободи совісті і віросповідання основним нормам актів ООН. Висновки. Україна, будучи державою-засновницею ООН, спрямовує свою діяльність у сфері захисту прав людини відповідно до статутних документів Організації. Виділено такі основні напрямки нормотворчої діяльності ООН щодо забезпечення прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання: 1) загальні засади захисту прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання; 2) протидія дискримінації на основі релігії чи переконань; 3) захист прав на свободу совісті і віросповідання окремих груп і категорій осіб. Наша держава ратифікувала основні пакти та конвенції ООН, спрямовані на захист прав людини, у тому числі Міжнародний пакт про громадянські і політичні права, Міжнародний пакт про економічні, соціальні і культурні права, Конвенцію про права дитини, Конвенцію ООН про статус біженців тощо. Крім того, під час удосконалення національного законодавства у сфері свободи совісті і віросповідання українські законотворці враховують положення інших актів ООН – як обов’язкових, так і рекомендаційного характеру. Завдяки цьому національне законодавство щодо захисту релігійних прав людини загалом відповідає міжнародним актам ООН. Водночас ряд пактів і конвенцій Україні ще необхідно ратифікувати, зокрема таких актуальних для нашої держави, як Міжнародна конвенція про захист прав всіх трудящих-мігрантів та членів їх сімей тощо.

Джерельна база дослідження правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні

Правова охорона культурної спадщини в Україні хоча й не така давня як, приміром, у Франції, проте має власну столітню історію. За цей час сформувалася досить значна джерельна база, яка істотно збагатилася за роки державної незалежності України. Разом із тим спостерігається певна тяглість не лише політики у сфері охорони культурної спадщини, а й відповідних правових джерел. Як наслідок, увесь масив правових джерел з питань охорони культурної спадщини потребує не лише докладного вивчення, систематизації та узагальнення, а й, зрештою, критичного переосмислення.Метою статті є здійснення класифікації джерельної бази правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні та стислий аналіз окремих видів джерел.Наукова новизна полягає у виділенні й аналізі основних джерел правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні, передусім міжнародно-правових документів та національних актів законодавства. Розглянуто як джерела права охорони культурної спадщини, так і джерельну базу дослідження. Здійснено класифікацію джерельної бази правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні. За результатами дослідження виділено чотири основні види джерел.Висновки. Класифікація джерельної бази правової охорони культурної спадщини в Україні базується на поширених класифікаціях джерел права і виділенні основних видів писемних джерел, які застосовуються у джерелознавстві. У нашому дослідженні виділено такі види джерел: 1) національні нормативно-правові акти; 2) міжнародно-правові акти; 3) довідкову літературу, зокрема енциклопедії та словники, путівники та довідники, каталоги та бібліографічні покажчики тощо; 4) аналітичні записки, звернення, заяви, інформаційні повідомлення, листування органів, уповноважених на вироблення та здійснення політики у сфері охорони культурної спадщини, а також пам’яткоохоронних громадських організацій, товариств тощо.

Podstawy prawne wykonywania kontroli w zakresie wykorzystania i ochrony zwierząt na Ukrainie

The article is devoted to the legal bases for control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world. legislative support of environmental control in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife was considered. Th system and powers of state authorities and bodies of local self-government concerning the implementation of the control function in the field of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world were investigated. On the basis of the analysis of legal literature and legislation of Ukraine, the peculiarities of legal regulation of control in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife were singled out, the classifiation of environmental control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of the animal world by subjects of its implementation and the areas of the use of animal objects has been made. Particular attention was paid to the implementation of control in the field of fisheries as one of the types of agricultural production. It was concluded that control in the sphere of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife is one of the most important functions of the state in ensuring the right to an environment that is safe for life and health and compensation for damage caused by violation of this right, stipulated in Art. 50 of the constitution of Ukraine. Proper regulation of control activities in the fild of use, reproduction and protection of wildlife can become a guarantee of observance of the norms of the current legislation, and substantially balance the relationship between the subject and the object of control.

Актуальні проблеми правового регулювання та законодавства у сфері фізичної культури і спорту в Україні

Marina SannikovaPurpose: identify current issues of legal regulation and legislation in the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine. Material & Methods: the method of theoretical analysis and systematization of literary sources on the topic of research allowed to find out the problematic field of legal regulation of the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine. The analysis of documentary materials allowed to characterize the structure of the system of legal regulation in the sphere of physical culture and sports. The method of historicism made it possible to identify the objective features of sports law, as a new branch of the legal system of Ukraine. The application of the method of analogy of the studied laws and system analysis allowed us to determine the general trends in the development of sports law. The method of mathematical modeling made it possible to develop a special algorithm for analyzing the effectiveness of professional activities of specialists in the field of sports law. Results: determined the structure of the system of legal regulation in the sphere of physical culture and sports; clarified the objective features of sports law, as a new branch of the legal system of Ukraine; established general trends that significantly affect the development of sports law and the most significant shortcomings in the legal regulation of the sphere of physical culture and sports in Ukraine. Conclusions: it was found that the rapid development of sports necessitates the improvement and codification of the legislation governing sports relations in Ukraine. It has been established that for the establishment and future development of sports law, as an integrated branch in the legal system of Ukraine, we need highly qualified specialists, who are well oriented in the field of physical culture and sports.

END OF THE MINISTER'S LEGAL STATUS IN PALESTINIAN LAW

<p>The Palestinian law laid down a set of legal rules regulating the Minister's legal status and his relationship with the career status. In accordance with the Palestinian law, the Minister's legal status shall be established through several stages, procedures and decisions between the initial and another end which has the legal effect in the establishment of this legal status, as well as end of Minister's legal status shall be in the availability of one of the cases stipulated by the Palestinian law, either to be the resignation of the government as a whole or to withhold confidence, resignation or dismissal of the Minister or the vacancy of the ministerial position. In view of the fact that there are no limited cases of the end of the Minister's legal status within a single Palestinian law, the researcher, through the results and recommendations of this research, will attempt to solve this problem by analyzing and explaining some legal legislations and books. Therefore, the study will address the on Minister's legal status in the Palestinian law, considering that this matter has a legal effect on the future application.</p>

Evaluation of Legal Legislation Compliance and Readability of Clinical Trial Informed Consent Forms

The volunteers approached for participation in a clinical trial should be given detailed and understandable information about the study through an informed consent form (ICF) before enrollment. In this study, we evaluated clinical trial files submitted to the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TITCK) to investigate the compliance to legal legislation and readability of ICFs as well as the factors affecting them. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. We evaluated 160 ICFs in the phase II-IV clinical trial files submitted to TITCK in 2016 to determine their compliance to legislation (n = 160) and to assess their readability (n = 152) using Atesman formula. Overall compliance score was calculated. ICFs were also evaluated in terms of written format (font size, line spacing, section headings) and page count. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square, Student's t test, analysis of variance, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis analysis. Compliance to legislation and suitability of written format of international trial ICFs were significantly higher than those of national trial ICFs. Most of the national trials were investigator initiated. Readability was low in both national and international trial ICFs where the text was longer in the latter. Results showed that researchers need easy-to-read ICF writing training that fits legal regulations.

Development of the legal framework of recreational nature management in Russia

The article traces the history of the development of legal legislation related to the recreational development of the territory. Five stages of formation are considered. For each stage the types of recreational areas are characterized. These types are reflected in the regulatory legal acts of each time period. Recreational nature management takes a significant place in the structure of nature management in Russia. It's modern regulatory and legal framework is analyzed in particular. The study revealed the main problems of involving territories in the recreational sphere from the standpoint of the main normative documents — the codes of the Russian Federation: Land, Water, Forest and Town-planning and Federal laws supplementing them. The analysis of the current legislation and the terminology used in it provides the basis for the correlation of recreational nature management with five categories of land: forest lands, agricultural lands, water resources, build-up areas (settlements) and lands of specially protected areas and objects. The necessity of integration of the concepts of «cultural landscape», «landscape planning» and «landscape plan» in the legal field with the aim of streamlining the process of planning and design of recreational areas and synchronization of the legislation in the sphere of recreational nature management is suggested in the article.

Elaboración de productos tipo tallarín libres de gluten y evaluación de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas

The growing demand of free gluten products has shown the necessity to study and develop new products in order to supply the consumer request. The objective of this research was to elaborate gluten-free products similar to noodles and to evaluate their physicochemical properties. Plantain or cassava were employed to replace wheat fl our. Physical and chemical properties were determined in plantain and cassava samples. Both, Plantain and Cassava Flour and their starches were extracted. Thermal characteristics of flour and starch were evaluated employing differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Products similar to noodle were formulated and elaborated employing plantain or cassava flour. Noodle physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics were analyzed, employing a commercial product as a control. Cassava presented higher humidity values than plantain, it is related to their susceptibility to degradation. In thermogravimetric analysis, cassava products shown upper weight reduction in high volatility zone associated to humidity lost. Plantain flours and starches presented gelatinization temperatures higher than registered for cassava products. Both plantain and cassava noodles presented humidity and acidity values according to the legal legislation (NTC 1055-2014). Developed products showed ash content higher than commercial noodles. According to microbiological and sensorial analyses, the plantain and cassava products could be considered innocuous with good consumer acceptation. These results could constitute a starting point in the study and application of different flours and starches from non-traditional sources, which allow to increase the value of crops in the region.

LEGISLASI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM BERDASARKAN KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM

Islamic Family Law consists of fundamental nationalities that always live and develop along with the development of society in the life of the nation. The configuration of national life interests is an instrument contested by the nation's components in these interests in the path of the state constitution, thus gaining a place of legitimacy in the process of constructing a national legal order. The history of national legal legislation has included the Compilation of Islamic Law as one of the country's alignments with the process of Islamic family law into National law. At the same time, the recovery of the development of Islamic Family Law is increasingly lively as the process of finding answers to Islamic problems in the archipelago's insight, how: Compilation of Islamic Law accommodates changes in the application of Islamic family law in Indonesia?The description that can be obtained in this study shows that based on the history of beginning, the Compilation of Islamic Law is present as meeting the needs of the Islamic community as well as filling in the gaps that occur in the Religious Courts whose authority is regulated in Law No. 7 of 1989. However, in its journey, a number of studies and studies explained that the Compilation of Islamic Law contained a variety of potential criticisms, in which the Compilation of Islamic Law was deemed to be no longer sufficient in resolving various complex complexity problems. Therefore it is necessary to reconstruct the Compilation of Islamic Law by paying attention to the principles of equality (al-muswah), brotherhood (al-ikhâ`), and justice (al-`adl), as well as basic ideas for the formation of civil society, such as pluralism, gender equality , Human rights, democracy, and egalitarianism, so that the needs of Islamic family law can be fulfilled in several such as Constitutional aspects, Content aspects (Material / Content and Ideas), Aspects of Islamic Law Enforcement (rule of law) in the Indonesianness frame.

Acrylamide: a Hidden Danger

Acrylamide, which is known to exist in a range of foodstuffs at different rates is a heat treatment contaminant and has been labeled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable carcinogenic substance for humans. Acrylamide is readily absorbed by the body and it spreads to the tissues. The fact that acrylamide is highly prone to react with DNA and RNA has brought forward various health problems as well. Many studies have proved the relation between acrylamide and diseases related to the nervous system, notably cancer. The most important mechanism in the formation of acrylamide in foodstuffs is the Maillard reaction. The level of acrylamide in foodstuffs shows an increase in high temperatures especially in the presence of reducing sugar and asparagine amino acid. However, no legal legislation has yet been defined on the level of acrylamide in foodstuffs.

The Legal Responsibility of the Guarantor of Those Who Are Bound by the Commercial Paper in The Jordanian Law"

The legal relationship between the reserve guarantor and the secured person and the rest of the obligators in the commercial paper may raise legal problems among them . This is evidenced by legal texts related to the effect of collateral and the presentation of jurisprudential opinions on this subject and the available judicial rulings. In this paper , an attempt is made to work out a methodology for comparative legal research which goes beyond the functional method . the researcher aims at using the comparative method as an instrument of learning and knowledge . In addition , the researcher is contributing to his own legal system : understanding it better , improving it , and using it as a means for interpreting the legal laws and legislations . The researcher explained the legislative shortcomings that have characterized the provisions of this relationship. He recommends that there is a need to review the drafting of some legal texts in a manner consistent with the legal problems that may arise from the relationship between the parties of the collateral . Key words: collateral , commercial paper , Jordanian legislator , guarantor , obligator, holder , drawer. DOI : 10.7176/JLPG/83-14 Publication date : March 31 st 2019

The Evaluation of School-Parent Association Activities According to the Views of the Teachers

This research aims to evaluate the activities of School-Parent Association (SPA) in Turkey according to the teachers' views. The study was conducted with 10 volunteer teachers who participated in the activities of SPA in two public Anatolian high schools in Turgutlu district of Manisa province in Turkey in 2017-2018 academic year. The results of the research show that the teachers have little knowledge about SPA members. The duties of SPA are identified as generating monetary resources for teachers, school and students in need, organising social activities to increase student achievement and improving physical conditions of the school. The results show that the work of SPA is seen as inefficient and the middle-income parents who have successful children with no disciplinary problem usually attend SPA meetings. The reasons for low participation in SPA are expressed as its responsibilities and the financial contribution expected from parents during meetings. Some of the suggestions which were determined to participate the SPA, to increase to parent participation are increasing communication, addressing prejudices, explaining the importance of SPA to all stakeholders of the school, including parents in management meetings, supporting a legal legislation that appreciates work of teachers and parents, organising family/ home visits and reaching out parents through phones or text messages.

The Right of Personal Freedom

This paper focuses on ‘absolute’ relationships in private law that do not involve any influence exerted by persons - legal entities or individuals - on external items, whether tangible or otherwise. Such relationships are non-property in nature. Their specific feature is that they exist only as long as a person himself exists - in this respect, they are essentially ‘personal’. Therefore, the relationships in question may be classified as personal and non-property relationships. In such relationships, persons are interested in expressing their individuality, which makes it possible to treat such interest as an ‘absolute’ (i.e., available against the world at large) personal non-property right. This right is the right of personal freedom that requires that any conduct in which a person is engaged in the non-property sphere shall be protected by the law, with certain exceptions the law provides. The paper defines the right of personal freedom, describes its content and legal features, and demonstrates that this right is different from the general ability to have rights. The paper puts forward arguments to support the personal and not political nature of certain powers that comprise the right of personal freedom. The author presents both practical and theoretical arguments in favour of the right of personal freedom being introduced as a new concept both in legal scholarship and legislation.

Legal protection of Investments in IP Assets of Investment economy

The subject of scientific research in the framework of this article is the development of legal legislation in the field of intellectual property in the era of the digital economy. The aims and objectives of the article are to disclose the legal regime governing investment in intellectual property, as well as the new relationships that have emerged in connection with the development of digitalization. The article analyzes the existing situation of intellectual property in the legislation of the Russian Federation. It is proved that there is a need for new approaches to the legal regulation of intellectual property objects, which should stimulate the effectiveness of ip assets.

A (jegyzői) birtokvédelem és annak komplex jogi természete

The purpose of our study – parallel with the presentation of the complexity of the protection of possession by the municipal clerk – is to examine whether this legal institution does indeed fall outside the scope of administrative actions. The question requires the consideration of many aspects, and despite appearances, its importance is not only theoretical but also practical. Our starting point is the Constitutional Court Decision No. 120/B/2001. We try to refute its content relevant to our subject by searching and examining the relevant legal legislation and literature and by proposing independent ideas. Contrary to the general notion and similarly to some other authors: we consider the protection of possession by the municipal clerk an administrative procedure.

الإثبات في الاعتراض على القرارات والاجراءات الإدارية لضريبة الدخل

Most of the Iraqi laws give wide powers to the administrative bodies that represent the state to express its will and to organize a specific activity related to regulation of the legal relationship between the state and individuals under the provisions of the law. The same laws, in return, recognize the right of individuals to object or assert the right by defending their interests against any abuse of power or by granting the administration, an opportunity to rectify its mistakes if it proves that there is a legal violation in its decision. As these laws, the income tax, regulate the process of demonstration and determine the legal evidence that the objector must present to defend his or her financial or legal rights against the work or decision of the administrative body. The recognition of the right of demonstration and defense in legal legislation is in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution that include general principles and texts for the protection of rights and freedoms and ensuring justice and equality among members of society. As proofing the disputed right and providing legal guarantees for exercising the right of defense creates a balance between public and private interests, supports and enhances confidence in the administration's activity. Thus the achievement of legal legitimacy and the rule of law. Taking in consideration that the amended Iraqi Income Tax Law No. 113 of 1982, which is the focus of our research, is described as being independence and has special system for objection’s mechanism against decisions and administrative procedures, dispute resolution and how to prove the disputed right clearly out of the rest of the tax and non-tax laws in Iraq.

African Book Industry Data & the State of African National Bibliographies

Abstract No less than three international meetings on publishing in Africa have taken place recently, which have been followed with detailed action plawns. Among many other recommendations, calls for action to find solutions to perennial problems, as well as discussions focusing on sectorial innovation and revitalization of the African book industries, pwarticipants in all three meetings were strongly urged to start collecting and disseminating book industry data. It is true that reliable figures of book publishing output for the continent of Africa do not exist at the present time, with the exception of a very small number of countries, notably South Africa and Morocco. Meantime the state of African national bibliographies, which can form the groundwork of book industry data, presents a picture of neglect for the most part, with many national bibliographies seriously in arrears, currently dormant, or having ceased publication altogether. Only a small number are accessible in digital formats. Book publishing data and book production statistics are important elements in measuring the growth and vitality of indigenous publishing in any part of the world. In the absence of such data for most of the African continent, there is a need for research, analysis, documentation, and systematic gathering of current, reliable data and statistics on the whole book sector in Africa. However, there are huge challenges and complexities in the goal of collecting data for book industry surveys, which must not be underestimated. Many questions will need to be asked: for example, how is data going to be collected and analysed; what will be the parameters; and what are going to be the sources and the methods? Who should be responsible for undertaking the research and the compilation of such book industry data; and, crucially, who is going to fund the research and the data gathering process on a systematic and ongoing basis? Collecting book industry data is closely interrelated with the publication of national bibliographies and, in addition to examining the issues and challenges relating to the creation of book industry statistics, this paper also provides an analysis of the current state of national bibliographies in Africa, as well as linked matters such as legal deposit legislation, and compliance of legal deposit. Most national libraries and bibliographic agencies in Africa continue to operate under severe constraints, and have been chronically underfunded by their governments for the past four decades or more. An analysis of the current status of African national bibliographies sadly presents a dismal picture. It is unlikely that reliable data for the African book industries can be collected and published without the input and full cooperation of national libraries or bibliographic agencies. There is equally an urgent need for much more active collaboration and interaction between the agencies producing national bibliographies with publishers and book trade associations in each African country. Any attempts to revive the fortunes of African national libraries, and the resumption of publication of high quality and timely national bibliographies, will amount to a formidable task. This paper offers a range of suggestions and recommendations how the situation might be addressed and improved, but also points out that regular compilation of a national bibliography, and effective maintenance of legal deposit, necessitates adequate staff in terms of both numbers and expertise, which is not the case at this time.

The situation of persons with disabilities on Poland’s labor market and its determinants

This article analyses the situation of persons with disabilities on Poland’s labor market and identifies key factors which determine this situation. The analysis considers two aspects: legal (legislation regulating the status of persons with disabilities on Poland’s labor market as of March 31, 2018) and empirical (values of indicators, which could be used to describe the situation of persons with disabilities on Polish labor market in 2007-2017). The analysis focuses on the population of persons with an employment-related disability certificate, since only such persons are entitled to special treatment on Polish labor market.

THE “JUSTICE INDEX” IS A STEP TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL GOAL 16 OF THE U.N. AGENDA

This paper proposes a method for measuring sustainable development as a means of the implementation of the Global Goal 16 of the United Nations Agenda. This method is the primary attempt to quantify the quality of the rules of the judiciary and access to a court in order to monitor sustainable development in the area of justice. In the recent years, the U.N. drew attention to the fact that qualitative changes should be evaluated through quantitative indicators.The authors’ methodology is based on the fair trial standard formulated by the European Court of Human Rights based on the interpretation of Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as well as the public services standard of the Russian Federation. This indexing method helps to assess the current level of legal guarantees in the rules of legal proceedings and draft legislation, and to establish their compliance with the fair trial principles. Indexing the access to justice has another positive effect – it helps to monitor the local situations and every level of the judicial system.Putting this method into practice will encourage avoidance of the adoption of bills that might reduce the level of legal guarantees and will assist attempts to monitor its dynamics. It could promote the introduction of effective procedures and better access to court, ensure the improved accountability of all public justice institutions at all levels and support overall societal wellbeing.