Legal Goals Research Articles

CRIMINAL LAW CONSIDERATIONS (Ratio Decidendi)

Judicial practice in Indonesia, judging from the decisions of criminal cases, generally judges give legal considerations only to prove the elements of a criminal offense. In contrast, the determination of the crime is not objectively considered, and most are merely considerations of incriminating and mitigating matters. On the other hand, the judge has absolute authority in imposing a crime; the judge's freedom is guaranteed by law. The supreme power of judges who are used freely without objective measures has the potential to produce corrupt decisions and injustices. Criminal objectives must be aligned with legal goals, namely to realize penalties that guarantee legal certainty, justice, and expediency. Ideally, good sentences reflect the three purposes of the law.

PENERAPAN THRESHOLD DALAM PEMILU MENURUT PERSPEKTIF GUSTAV RADBRUCH DAN HANS KELSEN

This study tries to discuss the tensions that occur between legal experts in formulating basic values that become the right legal objectives. Figures that are used as a comparison in the perspective of this legal objective are Gustav Radbruch and Hans Kelsen. Through a conceptual and case approach, this study tries to examine the concept of law based on contextual cases that occur in society, namely the application of the threshold in elections. In this study, the application of the threshold in elections is used as a measuring tool to determine legal objectives as stated by Gustav Radbruch and Hans Kelsen. The results of this study indicate that Gustav Radbruch sees and tends to the value of justice as a legal goal, like what Hans Kelsen found. The difference between Gustav Radburch's justice and Hans Kelsen lies in how to measure and realize this justice. This research is expected to be able to help academics and legal practitioners to dig deeper into the philosophical objectives of law in order to create laws that can answer the needs of society.

Pendekatan Sadd Adz-Dzari’ah Dalam Studi Islam

This article discusses sadd adz-dzariah in Islamic studies. Sadd adz-dzariah is a method produced by previous ushul fiqh scholars in an effort to keep humans as fallen mukallaf from falling into damage. This is done by closing and blocking all the means, tools and wasilah that will be used for an act. This article concludes that in determining a legal goal that forbids to a goal, sadd adz-Dzari'ah has three main elements that need to be considered, namely: First, the goal or purpose that you want to be desired. If the goal is evil, then the path is forbidden, and if the goal is good then the way is obligatory. Second, the intention or motive seen from the point of view of the target. If the intention is to achieve what is lawful, then the law of the ingredients is lawful, and if the intention to be achieved is haram, then the path to take that path is also haram. Third, namely the result of an action done.

Resignation of Regional Head and/or Vice in the Tenure: Politics of Law and Democracy Perspectives

Introduction to The Problem: The resignation of the regional head and/or vice today is a serious problem, both in the perspective of democracy, law, and even budget politics. Run as regional head and/or vice is a right, but maintaining the mandate after being elected is an obligation. It is compounded by the political direction of the law, which creates a pragmatically oriented political configuration, thus facilitating the resignation process. Of course, this atmosphere, in addition to injuring constituency, also contradicts democracy and the direction of its legal goal. Purpose/Objective Study: This research is based on two problem formulations, first, how is the regulation related to the resignation of the regional head and/or vice in the perspective of legal politics? Second, how are the resignation of the regional head and/or vice seen from a democratic perspective? Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a juridical-conceptual approach with a multidisciplinary method. The secondary data is analyzed qualitatively both on a juridical basis (legislation) and conceptually (democratic construction) so that the results will be obtained not only descriptive but also prescriptive. Findings: The regulations that are formed are still very pragmatic in the interests of the party. Therefore, the political configuration is still a preference to accommodate the rights and interests of political elites who seem oligarchic. Furthermore, this attitude of resignation also does not reflect the attitude of a democrat because it only focuses on his rights and annuls his obligations. Paper Type: Research Article

Основные предпосылки к новой комплексной теории права

In this article, the author proves that only after a sociological study establishes the real nature of society, how ethical research gives the basic principle of moral activity, and the philosophy of law will show the legal expression of this principle, can we begin to build a policy that is only carrying out moral and legal goals in this public environment. Sociological data on the nature of society and philosophical statements on the foundations of morality constitute the necessary prerequisites for any really grounded theory of state and law, since only they can serve as a reliable foundation for the construction of theoretical jurisprudence.

A tool for measuring therapeutic jurisprudence values during empirical research

Since its inception in the 1980s, the growing body of Therapeutic Jurisprudence scholarship has continued to challenge and optimise not only our understanding of what the law “is”, but also how we can leverage its agency to improve the ways in which we apply, observe and evaluate the law. By focusing on the emotional, human and psychological consequences of legal processes, Therapeutic Jurisprudence empowers practitioners to design emotionally intelligent and remedial strategies to either minimise harmful consequences or enhance restorative legal goals and outcomes. As the influence of Therapeutic Jurisprudence scholarship and its practical applications has continued to gain traction in rapid and organic growth, collaborations brokered with a wide range of social science disciplines have called for a more robust focus on validated measurement scales. To that end, there is a clear and growing need for a suite of Therapeutic Jurisprudence specific tools for empirical evaluation. As there has been no formal attempt within the Therapeutic Jurisprudence research community to begin this process, this paper breaks new ground by providing a validated tool for empirical measurement of the therapeutic quality of judicial officers' behavioural and interactional styles in problem-solving court jurisdictions. Using original empirical data recently collected at a problem-solving court in England, the paper takes the reader through the journey of statistically validating the levied scaling systems by performing Principal Component Analysis and Cronbach's Alpha. In doing so, the paper offers an original contribution to Therapeutic Jurisprudence methodology.

LEGAL REASONING COMPARATIVE MODEL OF ASY SYATIBI AND GUSTAV RADBRUCH

This paper discusses the comparative legal reasoning of Asy Syatibi and Gustav Radbruch in their philosophical basis framework. By using a comparative analysis of reasoning models, both examine the influence between philosophical modalities and legal reasoning models developed by both legal theorists. The results of the research show that the ontological stance of Asy Syatibi is identical to transcendental-based foundationalism, while Gustav Radbruch positions himself on transcendental idealism. Meanwhile, the identification of epistemological modalities Asy Syatibi is more inclined to internal coherence, while Gustav Radbruch is influenced by the flow of methodical dualism and empirical realism. As for his axiological modality, Asy Syatibi is much influenced by maqashid ethics as a legal goal, while Gustav Radbruch is influenced by deontic ethics.
 Keywords: substantive induction, maqashid ethics, coherentism, methodical dualism, deontic ethics.

WAGE LEGAL SYSTEM BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF THE PANCASILA WELFARE STATE

Indonesia as a Welfare State based on Pancasila is tasked with carrying out people's prosperity, the state is allowed to interfere in the private lives of its citizens, one of which interferes in the Employment field including in the wage field, which has a variety of main problems including: Low wages for lower workers, lowest wage gap and highest, Variation in the wage component, Unclear relationship between wages and productivity, Workers' living needs, Social inequality, Work performance, and Human values and self-esteem. So, the purpose of this article is to analyze the legal system of remuneration based on theories and viewpoints of legal goals. The conclusion of this article is that the legal system of remuneration needs to be assessed based on theories of legal objectives such as ethical theory, utility theory and theorizing theory and based on legal objectives from the point of view, namely the point of view of positive-normative or dogmatic juridical law, where the objective of wage law is at emphasize the legal certainty, the point of view of legal philosophy, where the goal of wage law is emphasized in terms of justice, and the viewpoint of the sociology of law, where the purpose of wage law is emphasized on the benefit aspect. The results of the study are based on the theories and the objectives of the legal field, it is expected to be able to describe the wage legal system that can be in line with the ultimate goal of industrial relations, namely “the welfare of all parties (employers and workers)” or the wage legal system that fulfills a decent living for humanity that correlates with company productivity or profit.

The Model of the Constitution of Proportionate Development

The values of the consumer society have an impact on all fields of social relations. Currently, significant changes are taking place in trade, financial and credit, information, social, environmental and other fields.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current transformations from the point of view of interaction with constitutional and legal institutions, and to identify promising directions of their further formation. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development initiated at the end of the last century — a set of measures aimed at rational consumption of environmental resources, coordinated overcoming of social and economic crises for the benefit of not only present generation but also future generations. Methodologically, the paper is based on the methods of legal modeling and intersectoral analysis, formal-legal and system-structural methods. The formal-logical analysis of the current legislation and international instruments, as well as the method of monitoring enforcement allow us to assume legal approaches that significantly hinder sustainable progress in the environmental, economic and social fields.Following the results of the study, the author raises the question of the development of a model of the constitution of proportional development as a tool for counteracting the risks of the consumerist society. Taking into account the specifics of state and public institutions of Russia, the presented model provides economic, ecological, social, ethical and aesthetic components. Key issues of mutual influence of these subsystems concern new approaches to the catalog of constitutional and legal values, goals and principles.

“The impulse is cartographic”: Counter‐Mapping Indonesia’s Resource Frontiers in the Context of Coloniality

AbstractResource frontiers continue to expand globally across Indigenous lands as states and corporations enact forms of expropriation redolent of the formal colonial era for the sake of extraction. In the face of this expansion, the burden remains largely on frontline communities to defend their ecologies using the tools available to them. Across Indonesia’s resource frontiers, the “cartographic impulse” Edward Said once named to describe anticolonial struggles is apparent in the form of counter‐mapping, which seeks to secure adat (customary) rights and defend Indigenous lands against extractivist expansion. This article revisits this practice and argues that the counter‐map and its goals remain tenuous—mapping in its scalable form risks processing complex and multi‐dimensional ways of relating to land into two‐dimensional representations appropriate for a liberal property regime, while adat itself is a contingent and mutable legal goal. Ultimately, the article echoes emerging calls for the burden to be shifted away from frontline communities through the pursuit of just transitions to post‐extractivism. Pemburuan sumber daya ke wilayah‐wilayah baru yang masih kaya (resource frontiers) di tanah masyarakat adat semakin meluas secara global, seiring praktek‐praktek perampasan berbau kolonial yang dilakukan oleh negara dan korporasi demi tujuan ekstraksi. Berhadapan dengan ekspansi ini, masyarakat di gugus depanlah yang menanggung beban terbesar untuk mempertahankan lingkungan hidup mereka, dengan menggunakan sarana yang tersedia bagi mereka. Di wilayah‐wilayah baru ekstraksi sumber daya alam di Indonesia, apa yang pernah disebut Edward Said sebagai ‘cartographic impulse’ untuk menggambarkan perjuangan anti‐kolonial terlihat jelas dalam bentuk counter‐mapping, yang bertujuan untuk mempertahankan tanah‐tanah adat dari ekspansi ekstravistik. Artikel ini hendak meninjau kembali praktek counter‐mapping ini dan berargumen bahwa counter‐map dan tujuan‐tujuannya masih lemah– mapping dalam bentuk yang dapat diukur mengalami masalah dengan persoalan proses dan persoalan corak multidimensioanal dari hubungan dengan tanah dalam kaitan dengan representasi dua‐dimensi yang hanya cocok dengan rezim kepemilikan liberal; sementara adat sendiri adalah tujuan legal yang sifatnya kontingen dan terbuka terhadap perubahan. Pada akhirnya artikel ini ikut menyuarakan seruan yang banyak muncul, bahwa beban harus dialihkan dari masyarakat frontline melalui usaha untuk transisi‐transisi yang adil menuju post‐extractivism.

СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ ПРАВИЛА КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ПРОВОКАЦІЇ ЗЛОЧИНІВ, ВЧИНЕНИХ У СПІВУЧАСТІ: ВІДМЕЖУВАННЯ ПРОВОКАЦІЇ ВІД СУМІЖНИХ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВИХ ПОНЯТЬ

У статті розглянуто явище провокація злочину крізь призму відмежування від суміжних понять кри-мінального права. Автором звертається увага на те, що в українському законодавстві існують прогалини, які стосуються питань провокації злочину як форми співучасті, що потребує додаткових наукових досліджень. Наведено два діаметрально протилежних наукових погляди на поняття провокації злочину. Традиційний підхід передбачає, що провокація злочину є підбурюванням до нього, тобто його спеціальним різновидом. Альтернативний підхід передбачає, що провокація злочину за своїм змістом виходить за рамки інституту підбурювання як форми співучасті та являє собою залучення іншої особи у вчинення злочину, що здійснюється з метою настання негативних для цієї особи наслідків.
 Автор підтримує альтернативний підхід і доводить, що провокація і підбурювання як форма співучасті не є тотожними поняттями, а юридична природа провокації злочину не детермінується таким різновидом співучасті, як підбурювання, адже володіє власними характеристиками. З огляду на це автор виокремлює ознаки, які дозволяють відмежувати поняття провокації зло-чину від підбурювання, а також поняття провокації від допустимої поведінки спеціальних суб’єктів. Крім того, аналіз правової сутності провокації зроблено з огляду на психологічні ознаки цього явища. Вважається, що провокація – це прихована діяльність для особи, яку провокують, тому з боку останньої особи діяння провокації як цілеспрямована діяльність провокатора для створення чогось конкретного не сприймається.
 Автор стверджує, що в законодавстві було штучно звужене поняття провокації злочину і не враховано, що провокація злочину має високу суспільну небезпечність, а спровокувати можна не лише надання неправомірної вигоди, яке є складом злочину, передбаченого статтею 370 КК України, а й низку інших злочинів. З огляду на це запропоновано розширити відповідальність за провокацію злочину. 
 У статті наведено критерії, за умов дотримання яких провокативні дії, які мають законну мету та здійснюються спеціальним суб’єктом під час здійснення оперативно-розшукових заходів, не підлягатимуть кваліфікації за ознакою «провокація злочину» як форми співучасті.

Система судочинства як середовище формування професійних компетентностей суддів

It has been found out that the purpose of professionalization of a judge is legal goals, which envisage state, social, axiological, psychological, organizational aspects, which are at the same time characteristic both of judicial activity and of the specific features of each component of the professionalization system. Revealing the legal goals, we must proceed from the

Juridical Evolution of the “Decent Work” Concept in the Albanian Labour Legislation

The development in workplace relationships in our society demonstrates the need to respect human rights and freedoms at the work place, the so-called essential guarantees for ‘having decent work and dignity in the workplace’. Thus we can detect that the “decent work” concept takes place in the dimenstions between the new demands of a country’s job market, in respecting the important principles and values, such as the principle to ban forced work, the principle that bans discrimination in the work place, the principle of equal pay, the freedom of association principle, the principle for comprehensive protection in the work place which is coherent to the development of current issues, such as the need to defend one’s rights in the work place. Considering the current development of the internataional labour law and in particular the need to develop the concept of ‘decent work’ now an actual interlacement is needed between the respective legal framework and the best politicies adapted in order to meet the legal goals of a country in the best way possible.

Legal Review Of Indefinite Revocation Of The Political Right To Hold Public Office Against Corruption Convicts

To break the vicious cycle of corruption in the society and maintain social order, revocation of political rights for public officials’ candidacies is considered an appropriate punishment for corruption convicts. This is a form of corruption eradication that prioritizes the achievement of legal goals. Between 2013-2017, 26.9% of corruption convicts had their political rights revoked. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the verdicts for their legal objectives. The study used a normative method with the approach of statutory norms and examples of cases of corruption, described and analyzed critically. The study shows that such verdicts are in accordance with the objectives of the law, because acts of corruption harmed the mandate and public trust. Keywords: Corruption convicts; legal objectives; revocation of political rights. Tinjauan Hukum Pencabutan Tanpa Batas Waktu Hak Politik Untuk Memegang Jabatan Publik Terhadap Narapidana Korupsi Abstrak Untuk memutus lingkaran setan korupsi di masyarakat dan menjaga ketertiban sosial, pencabutan hak politik atan pencalonan diri menjadi pejabat publik dianggap sebagai hukuman yang pantas bagi terpidana korupsi. Hal ini merupakan bentuk pemberantasan korupsi yang mengutamakan pencapaian tujuan hukum. Antara tahun 2013-2017, sebanyak 26.9% terpidana korupsi dicabut hak politiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketepatan putusan tersebut terhadap tujuan hukumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan studi kasus korupsi, dideskripsikan dan dianalisis secara kritis. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa putusan tersebut sesuai dengan tujuan hukum, karena tindak pidana korupsi mencederai amanah dan kepercayaan masyarakat Kata kunci: terpidana korupsi; tujuan hukum; pencabutan hak politik.

Two decades of the complementary leisure effect in Spain

Abstract This work attempts to gauge the impact of the so-called complementary leisure effect (or shared leisure effect) on the increase in the labour force participation rates of older males who live with a partner observed in Spain since the mid-1990s. The principal novelty of the work is that the whole the period throughout which said phenomenon has been occurring (1995–2016) is taken into consideration. Another important point of attention related to this effect is that the current analysis spans the years covering the recent global economic and financial crisis (GFC) and those which immediately followed. Results reveal that the complementary leisure effect has proved to be determinant explaining the behaviour of older male activity rates in Spain since the mid-90s. More concretely, the increases in wives’ labour force participation can explain 67% of the total change in husbands’ participation rates from 1995 to 2016. Moreover, during the years of the GFC (2008–2013) and without this effect, the participation rate of Spanish older men would have decreased below 57%, almost 8 percentage points less than the value actually reached. The findings that emerge from our study suggest that economic policy should consider opening up a further avenue of action, one which does not tend to be envisaged, and which, in the case of Spain, is absent from recent legal reform, namely, targeting not only the individual but also the whole family unit of older persons as a legal goal.

Menakar Tujuan Hukum dibalik Putusan MA No. 46 P/HUM/2018 Yang Pro Koruptor

In welcoming 2019 concurrent general elections, the General Election Commission issued PKPU No. 20 of 2018, one of which banned former convicts of corruption from becoming legislative candidates on the grounds that corruption is an extraordinary offense that is commonly practiced by legislators both individually and in congregation. The regulation is stated in Article 4 paragraph (3) PKPU No. 20 of 2018 concerning Nominations for Members of DPR, Provincial DPRD and Regency / City DPRD. However, the regulation was canceled with the issuance of Supreme Court decision No. 46 P / HUM / 2018. Based on this, the limitation of the problem of this research is how to measure the aspects of the legal objectives behind the decision No. 46 P / HUM / 2018 which are more pro-corrupt so that they can understand the judge's decidendi ratio in canceling the prohibition of ex-convicts from becoming legislators. This type of research is normative legal research with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. The theoretical basis in the presentation of research results is the theory of legal goals by Gustav Radbruch namely justice, certainty and usefulness which is compared with Islamic law. The results of this study indicate that the Supreme Court's consideration overturned PKPU No. 20 of 2018 because it is considered contrary to Article 240 of Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections and Article 12 of Law No. 12 of 2011 concerning Formation of Laws and Regulations. The Supreme Court's considerations in the a quo ruling contain the three legal objectives. However, it is more inclined to legal certainty, so it does not reflect the value of justice that lives in the community. The cause of not achieving the values of justice that live in the community in the a quo decision is because the basis for testing the regulation is Law No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections does not prohibit such matters, even though the nomination rules on the executive body namely the President and Vice President require that they do not have a bad track record. Likewise when viewed from Islamic law which requires legislative candidates called ahlul ahli wal aqdi must have a fair way which means having integrity and a good image in the society.

A Critical Examination of the Distinction between Interpretation and Construction

The distinction between interpretation and construction, with its roots in the law and theory of contracts, has become a central theme in contemporary debates about constitutional theory. According to the distinction, advanced and elaborated by Lawrence Solum, Keith Whittington and many others, interpretation is the process of locating the linguistic meaning of an authoritative text in a statute, in the Constitution, or in any other authoritative legal item. But at the heart of the distinction is the idea that identifying the linguistic meaning of a legal text does not answer the question of how that text should be applied to specific facts and specific legal controversies. This is construction, so it is said, and it necessarily goes beyond the process of interpretation. Although the distinction is a valuable precaution against those who would seek to claim that the application of law is entirely or mostly a question of meaning, it runs into trouble when it confronts the existence of technical legal language in the law. Interpreting such language, especially when it is constitutive or evaluative, requires recourse to legal values, legal goals, and the purposes of legal institutions, but in doing so it requires recourse to law at interpretation stage. As a result, the basic insight of the distinction between interpretation and construction – that semantic content and legal values are different, and that law enters the process only at the construction stage – is of limited value when the language at issue is legally technical.

The Scales of Justice: Balancing the Goals of International Criminal Trials

The world community expects international criminal trials to accomplish more than their domestic law counterparts. International criminal trials are meant to further both judicial and political trial goals despite the potential conflict between these trial purposes and the accused’s fair trial rights. First, this article discusses what makes a trial legal or political and where along this spectrum international criminal trials should fall. Next, this article assesses each of the purposes underlying international criminal trials, contextualises them as legal or political, and analyses whether each should be relied on as a justification for trying a suspect in an international or internationalised criminal court or tribunal. Third, the article scrutinises the way in which the different trial goals interact and discusses the impact each political goal has on the legal purpose of trial. The article concludes that incorporating political goals into international criminal trials is necessary to fulfill the mandates of each international criminal law institution. Trial courts must balance the legal and political goals to ensure that the trial meets its aims but that when a political goal comes into conflict with the legal goal of trial, it is latter that must take precedence as it is the factor most concerned with ensuring that the trial is fair. Prioritising fairness is the only way to guarantee the continued legitimacy of international and internationalised criminal courts and tribunals.

القواعد الفقهیة والمقاصد الشرعیّة المستخرجة من رسالة عمر--القضائیة

القواعد الفقهیة والمقاصد الشرعیّة المستخرجة من رسالة عمر--القضائیة

Children and the Criminal Law: Legal Perspective as A Tool of Social Engineering

Restorative justice in the juvenile justice system from a legal perspective as a tool of social engineering emerge several similarities and differences of opinion from each law enforcer regarding the implementation of diversion itself. Child investigators, prosecutors, judges and correctional officers are a unit included in a system called juvenile justice system, aimed at tackling juvenile delinquency while at the same time also being expected to provide protection to children who have problems with the law. The results show that the implementation of the principle of restorative justice in the juvenile criminal justice system is preferred to resolve the problem not only through legal settlement. But more than that, it provides an opportunity for the parties involved to determine solutions, build reconciliation as well as build good relations between victims and perpetrators. Legal form in reality (law in action) and legal form as a rule as in legislation (law in book), the ideal goal to be achieved initially departs from the ius constituendum (law aspired) in which the legal goal definitely to achieving justice.