Legal Beliefs Research Articles

Development of Medical Research-Driven Psychological Sentiment of Legal Belief Through Extraction of College Students' Group Emotional Features

Development of Medical Research-Driven Psychological Sentiment of Legal Belief Through Extraction of College Students' Group Emotional Features

Development of legal consciousness of legal students

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of legal consciousness of law students. The main methodological approaches to the formation of legal consciousness of future specialists in the legal field are outlined.
 It was found that the components that influence the development of legal awareness, which determines the orientations for persons facing legal situations, prompting them to make ethically and legitimately justified decisions on the psychological aspects of legal awareness among law students, require a detailed analysis. The development of legal consciousness of lawyers requires specially organized measures that affect various spheres of individual consciousness, but the sphere of legal consciousness of an individual is particularly sensitive to these social changes.
 The work considers the key factors affecting the development of legal awareness among young people who are preparing to become specialists in the field of law. Depending on the subject acting as a source of legal awareness, individual, group and public legal awareness can be distinguished. Individual legal consciousness, which belongs to an individual, should be considered as a relationship between subjective and objective (individual and social) aspects in his consciousness.
 Legal awareness of lawyers has a theoretical and practical nature, since the main goal of their work is the application of theoretical knowledge (scientific research) in practice. Law affects the consciousness of the relevant persons, performing its functions. The formation of legal awareness of lawyers requires the presence of appropriate professional morality, a system of moral and moral-legal norms that regulate their actions and behavior in professional activities. The main criteria for the development of legal consciousness of legal students are legal knowledge, the level of legal education, attitude to legal norms, stability of legal beliefs, value orientations, the formation of legal attitudes and compliance or non- compliance with the law revealed in behavior.

Legal entrepreneurship and the evolution of multidimensional advocacy in social movements: the case of marriage equality

AbstractThe emergence and dissemination of new legal ideas can play an important role in sparking change in the way activists in marginalized communities understand their rights and pursue their objectives. How and why do the legal beliefs of such communities evolve? We argue that the vigorous advocacy of new legal ideas by entrepreneurs and the harnessing of specialized media to help disseminate those ideas are important mechanisms in this evolution. We use the rise of marriage equality as a central legal priority in the mainstream American LGBTQ+ rights movement as a case study to illustrate this phenomenon. Using a mixed-methods analysis of Evan Wolfson’s legal advocacy and an examination of The Advocate, we investigate how Wolfson developed and disseminated legal ideas about same-sex marriage. We show how this advocacy eventually dominated discussion of the issue among elite LGBTQ+ legal actors and the nation’s largest LGBTQ+ publication. However, Wolfson’s advocacy tended to emphasize LGBTQ+ integration into “mainstream” American culture and prioritized the interests and values of relatively privileged subgroups within the LGBTQ+ community. Our research informs our understanding of the interplay between legal advocacy and media reporting in the development of LGBTQ+ rights claims and the strategies adopted to achieve them.

The practice of non-recognition and economic sanctions: The case study of Ukraine, Manchuria and South Africa

Abstract Russia’s invasion of Ukraine again proves the essential role of collective non-recognition against unlawful situations, despite contentious debates concerning the status of the principle of non-recognition in the international legal system. However, an old but unsettled question also resurfaces: How should we perceive the relationship between the practice of non-recognition and economic sanctions? Some scholars contend that the practice of non-recognition must entail economic punishments and isolation and be ‘as oppressive as possible’. For quite some time, the economic language has dominated as the only language that matters facing any unlawful situations. Unfortunately, this tendency also undermines a long history of innovative development of other forms of declaratory and institutional non-recognition. This article, by examining the current non-recognition campaign in the case of Ukraine, together with case studies of Manchuria and of the South African apartheid regime, endeavours to provide more perspectives concerning the relationship between non-recognition and economic sanctions. The article argues that, compared to other forms of non-recognition, economic sanctions have never been a reliable factor in demonstrating international attitudes and the legal beliefs of the international community.

Basis of legal belief

The authority of the law comes from the sincere belief of the people. The legal belief is a booster that the law has well practiced. It is the inherent driving force of the rule of law, which is conducive to the long -term and stable maintenance of the legal order. Make society more harmonious and orderly. But what is the basis of building a long and stable legal belief? This article discusses the perspective of the content and law of the law itself, in order to find the driving force for the construction of the rule of law.

LEGAL COMPETENCE AS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF THE FUTURE MEDICAL WORKERS

Abstract. The article examines the relevance of the formation of legal competence of future medical workers as a component of professional competence. The analysis of definitions of legal competence and its structural components in modern psychological and pedagogical literature is carried out. A description of the professional competence of future doctors is given and its components are singled out. Results of the research showed that the legal competence of the future medical workers is considered in modern psychological and pedagogical literature as an integrative professional and personal qualitative characteristic of the subject of professional medical activi­ty, which consists in theoretical-legal readiness and practical ability to perform professional medical activities and solve legal issues in the field of health care in accordance with the legislation. There such distinguished components of the legal competence: motivational, cognitive, active, as well as can be distinguished reflexive-evaluative and acmeological components. The article emphasizes the need to introduce into educational process the academic disciplines, which would ensure the acquisition of legal knowledge; legal disciplines taught in the institutions of higher medical education should be professionally oriented and stay in connection with special disciplines. It was determined that тhe application of legal situational tasks in the educational process, which at the same time stimulate integrative thinking of students based on the knowledge of the materials of the disciplines studied earlier is one of the most effective means of formation of the legal competence of the future medical worker, and provide problematic professionally oriented study of legal aspects of professional activity. The author focuses attention on the importance of learning the norms of professional ethics for the development of the legal competence of future specialists in the field of health care. It is noted that the development of legal competence of future medical workers should be based on understanding and awareness of general cultural and professional values ​​as the norm of professional relations; should be ensured by systematic study of legal knowledge and norms, methods of law-abiding behavior and interaction; should be ensured by formation of stable legal beliefs, development of legal activity and responsibility.

Could Robot Judges Believe? Epistemic Ambitions of the Criminal Trial as we approach the Digital Age

Criminal proof is unique, in that it must be able to account for the justification of both: accurate fact-finding and a fair trial. This is Sarah Summers’ main message in her article on the epistemic ambitions of the criminal trial, which focusses on belief as a sort of proxy for societal acceptance of truth as a set of facts established by compliance to procedural rules. This commentary tests her finding by scrutinizing whether it is conceivable that robots, complying to all rules, assist in fact-finding with a specific form of legal belief based on a sophisticated probability weighting opaque to humans. The result is in accordance with Sarah Summers: as long as robots cannot explain their beliefs, any criminal proof based on them flounders as it can neither be part of a fair trial nor ensure acceptance in the existing institutional framework.

Review of the Law Popularizing Education on Administrative Compulsion in Response to Major Epidemic Situations in China

The popularization of education on the administrative compulsion law in response to major epidemic situations in China refers to the educational activities carried out by an educational subject aimed at an educational object promoting understanding and mastery of knowledge of administrative compulsion. The goal is to improve the government’s legal ability to prevent and control behavior, enhance people’s awareness of the rule of law, and provide a strong legal basis for the rule of law in the context of major epidemics. Other aims are to cultivate citizens’ legal beliefs, restrain citizens’ conduct, and maintain a stable social order. However, problems arise in the subject, content, and mode of the educational activities. Therefore, we need to discuss compulsory education in the context of major epidemic situations, including the need for a favorable educational environment, the strengthening of information distribution, and the guidance of public opinion on administrative enforcement. We should also improve education subjects to enhance the legal quality of administrative organs, perfect the education content, encourage people to support administrative compulsion in epidemic situations, and deliver education in campus online classes.

LEGAL CULTURE AS A PLEDGE OF YOUTH’S LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY FORMATION

The article highlights the influence of legal culture on the young citizens’ legal responsibility formation of Ukraine. The essence of legal culture as a component of the general culture of society and personality has been revealed. It has been found out that legal culture is a concept that characterizes the quality of the society legal life, the degree of human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the state and society, as well as the development of the individual’s legal consciousness (knowledge, understanding and observance of the right of each individual member of society). It has been noted that such characteristics as possession of legal knowledge and ability to apply it, awareness of legal values, meanings and attitudes, existence of moral convictions and responsibility of a person for their own behavior, observance of rules of behavior are common in the content of all definitions of the category “legal culture”. The elements of legal culture have been analyzed. Emphasis is placed on respect for the right (law) as recognition of its social value. It is proved that the scientific level of legal thinking and legal awareness provides for the formation of the ideal of legal personality, characterized by legal responsibility. The importance of fostering legal culture of society has been emphasized. It is stated that the legal culture formation is an integral part of the individual’s socialization. The stages (purposeful formation of legal knowledge and concepts; development of legal beliefs; formation of ethical and legal installations; education of legal feelings; formation of experience of responsible, law-abiding behavior; formation of active socio-legal position) and main directions (cognitive, emotional-value), are defined formation of student youth’s legal culture. It has been emphasized that the formation of future specialists’ legal competence is possible under the condition of having an educational (legal) environment in the institution of education, realization of students’ legal education during the whole period of their education.

ЧИ БУВ ПІФАГОР ПОЛІТИКОМ? (історико-філософська спроба переосмислення)

The article analyzes the key aspects of Pythagoras’ activity as a political thinker and public figure based on the latest fundamental research on Pythagorean issues, as well as using original sources of ancient Greek and ancient Roman historians, philosophers, and orators. It was revealed that the very question of the philosopher’s birthplace became the focus of imperial propaganda in Ancient Rome. It is proved that Pythagoras himself was not directly related to political activity, although his philosophical beliefs, mainly about the understanding of the ideal form of government, and the role and meaning of laws, had an impact on social life in Ionia and Western Greece. It has been proven that the success of his speeches on the territory of modern Italy is connected with the fact that in Croton, as in other neighboring cities, there was a «demand» for new political transformations and changes. True, no radical changes took place, but the followers of Pythagoras found themselves in the power structures of various cities, which was caused by the persecution of his students. It is substantiated that it is not known exactly what political and legal beliefs the founder of the early Greek philosophical tradition adhered to, but it is obvious that he had a powerful impact on the development of the philosophical sphere both theoretically and practically. Pythagoras developed a sufficient pseudo-epigraphic corpus of works, the provisions of which were used by the followers of this school, some of which are found in Platonic political and legal treatises. Separate ideas formed the basis of the doctrine of the Platonic state — Platonopolis. It was also revealed that, in addition to political activity, Pythagoras had an influence on the philosophical and legal thought of antiquity, which is confirmed by the presence of a whole series of his laws, as well as works devoted to legal issues, which are traditionally attributed to his followers.

The Value Guidance and the Cultivation of Legal Belief in the Education of College Students’Rule of Law in the Era of Media

With the development of the Internet, we media era has become a new trend of development, but the development of we media era also brings many disadvantages. We media has a certain degree of virtuality and concealment, so it gives some lawbreakers an opportunity to take advantage of. College students, as an important group to be built in the future of the country, It is very important to guide the value of legal education and cultivate legal belief for college students. However, the education of rule of law is a long-term strategy, which cannot be achieved overnight. Instead, we should establish systematic thinking, innovate according to the situation, coordinate and promote with the actual situation of students, and cultivate a group with the correct value system.

Key Points for the Cultivation of College Students' Legal Literacy in the Perspective of General Education

At present, the overall level of legal literacy of college students in China is not high. The performance is that the school has a single path of cultivation, the student's knowledge system is incomplete, the legal belief is not firm, and the legal application consciousness is indifferent. The general education in China is opening up a new path for the cultivation of college students' legal literacy. College general education should focus on the cultivation of legal awareness, legal thinking and legal beliefs through a rich curriculum and flexible teaching methods.

Modern Psychology of Law and Legal Beliefs of L.I. Petrаzhitskij

Modern Psychology of Law and Legal Beliefs of L.I. Petrаzhitskij

Conditions of the Effective Formation of Legal Consciousness of Students By Means of Psychological Training

The article considers the conditions of the effective formation of legal consciousness of students through psychological training. The study included ascertaining and formative stages. 60 students aged 20 to 22 took part in it. At the ascertaining stage, R.R. Muslumov’s method of study of legal consciousness of personality was used to determine the levels of formation of the legal consciousness components of students. It was established that the formation of all components of legal consciousness among students (legal knowledge, legal attitudes, attitudes towards law, and attitudes toward legal institutions, legal activity and legal motivatedcognition) was at an average and high level. At the formative stage, psychological training was used, which was aimed at developing legal consciousness and legal competence of students. The authors note that the most effective means of forming legal consciousness is psychological training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach, which suggests that a person can learn new social skills, emotions and new ways of thinking through the learning mechanism. Within the framework of the training, the work is focused on behavioral reactions andinternal attitudes. As a result, qualitative positive results were obtained on the scales ”legal activity” and “motivated cognition”. Conditions for the effective formation of legal consciousness (which include interactivity, reality, relevance, success, emotionality and modernity) were generalized and identified in the group work. While recognizing the importance of educational work, the authors point out that the development of legal consciousness of students also depends on other external (family, conditions in a particular university, friends, etc.) and internal (character, personality characteristics, etc.) factors. It is not enough simply to form legal knowledge - it is important to nurture the legal consciousness, legal beliefs, lay the foundation of behavior on the basis of law observance.
 Keywords: Legal consciousness, legal competence, legal activity, legal socialization, legal motivated cognition, legal attitudes, psychological training.

Legal Value Orientations as Basic Category of Law Students’ Legal Culture

An obvious connection of legal culture, value orientations and legal consciousness was established by cross-disciplinary analysis. Legal culture is considered as a whole in relation to legal value orientations. The necessity of forming legal value orientations is proved, as without them it is impossible to achieve a high level of legal culture and to ensure a student’s behavior within the framework of the law. This component is analyzed as a compulsory element of a law school student’s legal consciousness. The concept of legal value orientations is defined from the standpoint of different approaches and from the point of view of various authors, wherein these orientations are studied through the cognitive-volitional component. The relation of legal value orientations and legal beliefs is analyzed. It is offered to comply with a number of pedagogical conditions, to apply certain methods and techniques, which will influence the educational process and will promote forming legal value orientations. The need for developing value orientations in students is proved; it is shown that without value orientations it is impossible to reach a high level of legal culture, to engage in civic activities and to become a law-abiding citizen. Legal value orientations are studied as a construction material of legal culture and govern a student’s legal behavior.

The Predicament and Countermeasure of Legal Literacy Cultivation of College Students in China

College students are the important body of ruling by law. Strengthening the legal education and improving the legal literacy of college students are not only the important content of ruling by law but also an important subject of ideological and political education in Chinese colleges. At present, the negative factors of social development are not conducive to the cultivation of college students' legal literacy. The lack of legal education in colleges restricts the improvement of legal literacy of college students and the weak legal consciousness influences the cultivation of legal literacy. It is helpful to improve the legal literacy level of college students by fully implementing the law-based governance of colleges, optimizing legal education in colleges and strengthening the legal beliefs of college students in accordance with the principle of ruling by law.

Thinking on Students’ Legal Education in Art Universities & Colleges

Cultivating college students’ legal consciousness is conducive for college students to have respect and reverence on laws, and beneficial for them to better consciously abide by laws. In addition, it can facilitate them to apply legal consciousness to analyze their rights and obligations, and evaluate behavioral legality. Moreover, it is helpful for them to consciously maintain legitimate rights and interests applying legal weapons, resolve contradictions and disputes with legal measures, and initiatively boycott behaviors damaging law and social order. The public’s belief on law is the important factor for evaluating state legalization. Legal belief is the progressive process from legal knowledge learning, to legal consciousness cultivation, and then to legal accomplishment fostering. Currently, lack of legal education atmosphere in art universities and colleges has become one prevalent phenomenon. Universities & colleges emphasize on the fostering of moral education, but neglect the cultivation of legal education. Moral education and legal education belong to the scope of social value education, but moral education highlights people’s inner world, while legal education is aimed at standardizing people’s behavior. Strengthening college students’ legal education can effectively alleviate and prevent the occurrence of juvenile delinquency, and meanwhile improve their comprehensive quality, which is beneficial for them to rapidly adapt to society after graduation.

The Crime of Rape and Sexual Violence against Women in Nigeria: A Comparison with Other Common Law Countries

This discourse is a comprehensive look at the offence of “rape” as a legal concept, taking into consideration, the premodial, mythical and legal beliefs and meanings associated therewith. It analysed recent statutory changes and developments in this area of the law, particularly under the English common law in contradistinction from the almost static provisions of some African penal statutes relating to the offence of rape. The propelling aim was to appreciate the difficulties associated with efforts to convict persons accused of committing the offence of rape and the legality of calling in aid corroboration in amelioration of these difficulties. It was observed that, the statutory ingredients of the offence do not accommodate such a practice. It became significant that the myths and traditional beliefs surrounding the claim of an alleged victim of rape imported the burden of a rebuttal on the accused. It was observed that sympathy on the part of the courts for alleged rape victims sway their decisions in favour of such victims. This emotional consideration by the courts may have informed he demand for corroborative evidence to seal all escape routes for the accused even when not statutorily provided for. Absence of corroborative evidence may on the reverse, favour the accused though the prosecutrix may concoct one to secure conviction. It was concluded that rape cases should be determined on the basis of the dry provisions of the relevant penal statutes devoid of extraneous considerations, such as corroboration.

Anything Goes: An Apology for Parallel Distributed Legal Science

Doctrinal legal science seems to lack a proper method and purpose. This interpretation clarifies its value. The backbone of the argu- ment consists of two theses. The first is that coherence—in a sense unusu- al in law—plays a crucial role in legal science. The second is that doctrinal legal science is a social enterprise and this should be consid- ered in attempts to understand it. Based on these, a picture of doctrinal legal science is given consisting of parallel distributed constructions of consistent, comprehensive and ex- pansive sets of legal beliefs. Given this, seeming weaknesses of doctri- nal legal science turn out to be actual strengths.

The Role of International Cooperation in Demarcation of Territorial Boundaries in International Law and Procedures

Non-judicial developments in the field of boundary issues, with the aim of achieving stability and preserve it, move toward the ideal of international community. The ideal is to maintain international peace, order and security. Developments and advances are in the service of this ideal and countries take steps in this direction with responsibility than before and with believe in integrity of international peace, order and security, and apply technical and human progresses in this way. International organizations and countries, as the main subjects of international law, with understanding adverse consequences of instability, use all the tools necessary to achieve this goal and non-judicial developments occurring in delimitation of international territorial boundaries, are in line with this excellent goal. Today, countries cooperate wider than past in different ways and in all fields including boundary issues. Deep understanding toward the importance of international peace, order and security and legal belief to necessity of such cooperation, undoubtedly have facilitate today direction. Of course, the role of international institutions and organizations was very dramatic in developing such belief.