Left Teeth Research Articles

Odontometric Analysis of Permanent Mandibular Canine to Determine Sexual Dimorphism: A Preliminary Study

Introduction: Crown diameters of a teeth are reasonably accurate predictors of sex and are good adjuncts for sex determinations. The aim of the study was to determine the reliability of mesiodistal width of mandibular canine in sexual dimorphism.
 Materials and methods: Medical students of Nepalgunj Medical College, Chisapani, Banke, Nepal were selected for data collection. Sample consisted of 300 subjects which included 150 males and 150 females of age group 18-25 years. The mesiodistal width of the mandibular right and left canine teeth were recorded by Vernier calliper. Descriptive statistical analysis was done from odontometric measurements data to calculate sexual dimorphism for mandibular right and left canine. The student t-test was used to determine the level of significance among the parameters measured.
 Results: The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular right canine for male and female subjects were 7.1665±0.28576 and 6.3777±0.37875 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular right canine was calculated to be 12.368%. The mean values for mesiodistal width of mandibular left canine for male and female subjects were 7.3875±0.35506 and 6.2847±0.41115 respectively. The sexual dimorphism for mandibular left canine was calculated to be 17.5%.
 Conclusion: Statistical analysis showed significant sexual dimorphism in odontometric analysis of permanent mandibular canines between male and female with the mandibular left canine showing the highest percentage.

APLICABILIDAD DE LOS MÉTODOS DE DEMIRJIAN Y CHAILLET EN LA ESTIMACIÓN DE LA EDAD DENTAL DE NIÑOS DEL ESTADO ZULIA, VENEZUELA

Introducción: la edad dental (ED) es empleada en disciplinas clínicas para evaluar si el individuo se encuentra avanzado o atrasado en su desarrollo dentario, o bien para asignar la edad de sujetos vivos o fallecidos sin documentos válidos de identificación, y es de utilidad en la práctica forense. Objetivo: estudiar la aplicabilidad de los métodos de Demirjian et al revisado (1976) y Chaillet et al en la estimación de la ED en una muestra de niños y adolescentes venezolanos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y de campo; para ello se analizaron 516 radiografías panorámicas de pacientes de ambos sexos con edades cronológicas entre 6 y 18 años. El desarrollo dental fue evaluado en los siete dientes inferiores izquierdos mediante los estadios de maduración propuestos en el método de Demirjian et al, mientras que el cálculo de la ED fue realizado de acuerdo a las tablas de referencia proporcionadas por cada método. Se obtuvieron estadísticas descriptivas, así como diferencias de media entre la edad cronológica (EC) y la ED estimada mediante un test de Student. Resultados: se observó sobreestimación de la edad por el método de Demirjian hasta los 15 años de edad, así como subestimación de la edad con el método de Chaillet. Considerando el total de la muestra, ambos métodos subestimaron la edad (Demirjian 0,20 ± 1,46; Chaillet 0,34 ± 1,39), y la diferencia entre EC y ED fue significativa (Demirjian p = 0,0002; Chaillet p = 0,000). Conclusiones: ambos métodos pueden ser empleados en la muestra estudiada, teniendo en cuenta que la ED debe ser valorada en conjunto con otros indicadores de maduración para la evaluación del desarrollo del individuo.

APPLICABILITY OF MIXED DENTITION PREDICTION EQUATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY POPULATION OF PASHTUNS

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of Tanaka and Johnston and Bherwani’s prediction equations when applied to a sample of Pashtun population of Pakistan.METHODS: Odontometric data from casts of 180 subjects (90 males and 90 females, ages 13-19 years) of Pashtun origin was collected using digital callipers. Mesiodistal widths of mandibular incisors, mandibular and maxillary canines and premolars were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20. RESULTS: Data was analysed for 90 male and 90 female subjects with a mean age of 15.7±1.7years and 15.4±1.5 years, respectively. Statistically significant right and left tooth size difference was found only for upper arch in males (mean 0.08, p=0.027). Statistically significant gender dimorphism was noted for tooth sizes tooth sizes with males showing larger tooth sizes. Tanaka and Johnston equations significantly overestimated the sizes of canine and premolars segments for upper (mean difference=0.72+0.96, p=0.000) and lower (mean difference=0.75+0.94, p=0.000) arches when applied to ethnic Pashtun population. Customized Regression equations represented by y=a+b(x) were derived for unerupted canine and premolars segments of Pashtun population. The values for coefficient of correlation (r) ranged from 0.59 to 0.73 and the coefficient of determination (r2) ranged from 0.36-0.52.CONCLUSION: Tanaka and Johnston equations developed for North American population (at 75th percentile) should be used with caution for mixed dentition analyses in local Pashtun population as it overestimates tooth sizes in males and females. Regression equations developed in this study can be used for diagnostic planning in local Pashtun children.KEY WORDS: Linear Regressions (MeSH); Mixed Dentition (MeSH); Space Maintenance (MeSH); Space Closure (MeSH); Tanaka and Johnston (non-MeSH).

A 30 year old female with continuous dull pain following perforation during root canal treatment in lower left first molar tooth

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 30 year old female reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the complaint of continuous dull pain in her lower left first molar tooth. She told that the tooth was attempted for endodontic treatment three weeks before and the perforation might occur at that time. On clinical examination, although the tooth was found sealed coronally with a temporary cement but it was sensitive to percussion and palpation. The mean probing pocket depth was within the normal level of 2 mm. Radiographic examination revealed a destruction of pulpal floor area with radiolucency.

A 42 year old female with thermal sensitivity in the lower left first molar tooth

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below: A 42 year old female presented with the complaints of thermal sensitivity and impaction of food during mastication on her lower left posterior region. On clinical examination, carious lesions involving proximal surface was detected at the lower left first molar tooth which extended up to the dentin. The vitality test showed that the affected tooth was vital and the tooth was also non-tender to percussion.

Assessment of the Gingival Zenith Positions and Levels of the Maxillary Anterior Teeth among Saudi population: Comparison between males and females

Introduction: Understanding of the dentogingival interface allows the clinicians to achieve a more satisfactory esthetic outcome during interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment planning of beautiful smile. Aim: To evaluate the gingival variations in the maxillary anterior teeth by quantifying the following esthetic parameters; marginal gingival zenith positions (MGZP), gingival zenith level (GZL) and to assess the difference of these parameters among males and females.Materials & Methods: A total of 20 maxillary casts (10 males and 10 females) were analyzed. Digital caliper and protractor was used to measure; the marginal Gingival Zenith Position (MGZP) from the vertical bisected midline (VBM) of 120 sites in the maxillary anterior teeth, the Gingival Zenith Level (GZL) of 40 sites related to the lateral incisors, the data were analyzed using Mann Whitney u test.Results: According to the mean, all the maxillary anterior teeth displayed distal (MGZP) from (VBM), with mean average of 1 mm in the central incisors, 0.4 mm in the lateral incisors, and 0.2 mm in the canines among the study samples. Comparisons between males and females presented no statistically significant differences. The Gingival zenith level (GZL) showed statistically significant differences between right and left teeth in males and females and revealed positive values in all 40 sites (100%) when appeared coronal to the gingival aesthetic line. The mean of the males and females (GZL) in mm were 1.05 and 0.95 respectively with no statistically significant differences between both gender. Conclusions: The marginal gingival zenith position (MGZP) is located distally in all anterior teeth. The gingival zenith line (GZL) was found to be coronal to the gingival aesthetic line in all teeth with significant differences between right and left sides within each group (males, females). In all recorded parameters there were no differences between males and females. These clinical parameters applied to the gingival contours may serve as reference points during esthetic anterior oral rehabilitation.

Magnetic Attachment Retained Complete Overdenture as Treatment for Maintaning Alveolar Ridge Height – A case report

Background: Magnetic attachment can be used as a retentive devices in overdenture technique in prostheses. The magnets are attached with remaining root structure transfer the occlusal load to the bone through the periodontal ligament of retained roots and then prevent resorption of the alveolar ridge. Alvelar ridge plays an important role for the retention and stability of the denture as they will support the denture base. Magnetic assembly consist of magnet and coping with a keeper on the remaining tooth structure since magnetic attachment can provide support, stability and retention. Purpose: The purpose of this case report was to report magnetic attachment retained complete overdenture design and fabrication as a preserve to alveolar bone height to achieve retention and stability of the denture. Case: A 69 years old female patient, a baker and private English teacher with partial edentulous ridge came to Dental Hospital of Airlangga University asked for dentures. Clinical examination shown a complete edentulous in the upper jaw and partial edentulous in the lower jaw. The remaining teeth were 33, 34, 35, 43 and 44. 33 and 35 are chronic gangrene radix, 35 shown a slightly mobility. 34 non vital, 44 and 45 are vital with moderate resorption. Case management : All the left teeth in the lower jaw were consulted for endodontic treatment. Magnetic attachment retained complete overdenture was choosen for the lower jaw and complete denture for the upper jaw. The remaining teeth in the lower jaw kept the alveolar ridge from resorption and the magnet provided extra retention for the complete overdenture. Discussion: Overdentures supported by magnet attachment achieved greater satisfaction, gives better retention and stability for the denture. On the other side, the natural abutment teeth in overdentures preserved better proprioception and psychologically beneficial as the patient had not undergone extraction. As a conclusion, overdenture supported by magnetic attachment can be used to increase support, retention and stability especially in the lower jaw and also prevent further alveolar ridge resorption. Conclusion: Overdenture supported by magnetic attachment can be used to increase retention and the residual root also prevent further alveolar ridge resorption.

Endodontic management of mandibular canine with two roots and two canals: a rare case report

BackgroundIn general, mandibular canines have a single root and a single canal. The occurrence of two roots and two canals is a rare entity ranging from 1 to 5%. The anatomy of root canal morphology plays a decisive role in determining the conditions under which endodontic treatment can be performed effectively. Successful endodontic treatment comprises proper diagnosis, meticulous cleaning and shaping followed by three dimensional obturation. Failure to do so may lead to postoperative diseases, pain and further complications. This paper reports successful management of a mandibular canine with two roots and two canals.Case presentation45-year-old Nepalese women with a non-significant medical history presented with a chief complaint of pain in a lower left front tooth. The pain disturbed her sleep and lingered for several minutes even after removal of a thermal stimulus. Clinical examination and testing revealed generalized severe attrition with tenderness to percussion in the mandibular left canine. Electric pulp test for all the mandibular anteriors revealed almost no response in the mandibular left canine. Intraoral periapical radiographs in different angulations were taken which revealed two roots and two canals. A clinical diagnosis of chronic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis was made and root canal therapy was performed following the standard protocols.ConclusionAlthough the prevalence of two roots and two canals in mandibular canine is very low, the clinician should always be mindful of variations in the number of roots and canals for proper management of such cases.

Parosteal osteosarcoma of the maxilla: A case report and review of the literature

This study reports a rare case of parosteal osteosarcoma, a low-grade malignant lesion diagnosed in a 67-year-old female who presented with a slow growing oval-shaped, well circumscribed, bony hard, left maxillary swelling of 4 months' duration; extending from the region of the left upper lateral incisor tooth (22) to the left upper first molar tooth (26) and fixed to the overlying gingival. Oblique lateral radiograph showed the left maxillary alveolar ridge with lobulated ossified mass. The clinical differential diagnoses of the lesion were osteoma, and fibrous dysplasia histopathological diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma was made after incisional biopsy of the lesion. Surgical resection (with a wide margin) of the affected maxillary segment and the associated teeth was performed, and postsurgical biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma. Parosteal osteosarcoma shares similar clinicopathological characteristics with some periosteal lesions. However, special imaging techniques and histopathological evaluation remain the most reliable tools for definitive diagnosis of these lesions.

Clinical evaluation of two bleaching regimens

Objectives Evaluate the color regression, postoperative sensitivity, and patient's satisfaction after bleaching with different regimens over a period of 1 year clinical service. Participants and methods Twenty highly educated adolescents (age range: 18–25 years) seeking for better esthetics were enrolled into the study. Their teeth shade was A3 or darker. Participants were enrolled in a split mouth study design divided into four groups according to bleaching materials and/or desensitizer used. Groupgroup I: right mandibular anterior teeth will receive over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching material followed by desensitizer application. Group II: left mandibular anterior teeth will receive OTC bleaching material. Group III: right maxillary anterior teeth will receive in-office bleaching material followed by desensitizer usage. Group IV: left maxillary anterior teeth will receive in-office bleaching material. The color change, teeth sensitivity and patient's satisfaction were recorded along the evaluation periods at baseline, before any treatment, directly after bleaching, and in 3 months intervals for a year postoperatively. Results One-way repeated measure analysis of variance test was performed to investigate the effect of time on the color change for each tested group. A highly significant difference was recorded regarding the color change for all tested groups with P value equals 0.000. Considerable postoperative sensitivity was recorded in 13.3, 36.7, 1.7, and 30% for group I, II, III, IV, respectively. Treatments were generally well-tolerated, a percentage of zero (n = 0) patient terminated the treatment prematurely. There was no postoperative hypersensitivity at any tooth after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months evaluation periods. Additionally, after 1 year evaluation periods, five (25%) patients recorded moderately satisfaction, nine (45%) patients were satisfied, and six (30%) patients were extremely satisfied with their teeth color. Conclusion and recommendations The degree of whitening is superior in the power bleaching compared with the OTC bleaching technique. The higher incidence of tooth sensitivity was found in teeth bleached using OTC technique. It is recommended that over-the-counter products should be used under strict manufacturer's directions.

Mastication in goats shows achewing side preference

Developmental instability theory suggests that variation in some body parts in part can reflect the ability to buffer development from key environmental and genetic perturbations. Support for this approach comes mainly from assessment of fluctuating asymmetry, or deviations from symmetry of body features that are symmetric at the population level. In order to study dental asymmetry in domestic goats, we sampled 22 adult goat skulls. Bucco-palatine and mesio-distal distances (width and length) of the second molar on each side for each skull, on their occlusal aspect, were measured and compared using standard lineal methods. There was evidence of directional asymmetry, that is, unilateral mastication habits, being the left teeth of the arch slightly but systematically longer than the right. This directional change supported a right chewing side preference in the sample. It is important to highlight that the sample comes from non-pathological specimens. Therefore, it does depict the sample population of animals used in general. The observed asymmetries was not associated with any other cranio-facial abnormalities.

Single-visit apexification with Biodentine and platelet-rich fibrin

Apexification is the process of induction of calcific barrier across the open apex or the continued apical development in an immature tooth with infected necrotic pulp. The presented case was of a 19-year-old male patient with discolored and fractured upper front left tooth and open apex. Immature permanent teeth pose difficulties during endodontic treatment because of the wide-open root apex and thin dentin walls. This article describes single-visit apexification using Biodentine, a new calcium silicate-based material as an apical barrier along with platelet-rich fibrin as internal matrix.

Esthetic correction of calcified tooth discoloration by walking bleach technique

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:A 33 year old male patient came to the outpatient Department complaining of the bad appearance of his upper left central incisor tooth. He had no history of trauma in that area but the tooth was discolored gradually (Figure 1A). Furthermore, the tooth was asymptomatic. There was no pain and discomfort during mastication. The patient had gastric irritation for the last 5 years and still using omeprazole irregularly. The clinical examination indicates that the left central incisor tooth was yellowish in color and the dentine was found to be exposed (Figure 1B). There was gross tooth tissue loss at the labial surface that includes the incisal edge of the tooth.

HEMISECTION TREATMENT AT VERTICAL ROOT FRACTURE: A CASE REPORT

Background: Dentistry science and technology, especially in the field of endodontics has experienced rapid development. The advancement of dentistry has been able to keep the teeth in order to function as long as possible in the mouth. Patient awareness to maintain current teeth is higher and prefer to be treated root canal on her teeth rather than revocation action. This is supported by the presence of advanced dental care techniques and satisfactory results for the long term. Case: This case report aims at reporting that hemisection treatment is a treatment with considerable success. Case management: A 40-year-old female patient, coming to PPDGS RSGMP Dental Conservancy University of Airlangga with complaints of perforated lower left molars, has often been patched but always loose and sick when used to chew food. Clinical features appear to be cavities in the left lower left occiput. On the objective examination obtained negative vitality test, positive percussion. On the radiographic appearance radiolucency appears to all distal roots extending to bifurcation, deep carious lesions, vertical fracture lines at distal roots. Treatment options are the hemisection and restoration of the metal fusion porcelain crown with cantilever on the lower left second mesial tooth. Conclusion: 4 weeks post-hemisection control is not found subjective or objective symptoms, it is expected that hemisection treatment with enough success rate to maintain the remaining tooth structure and functioning for as long as possible in the oral cavity.

Comparison between one-step self-etch adhesive and along with additional hydrophobic layer in the retention of giomer at non-carious cervical lesion

The purpose of the present study was to assess the giomer retention following application of one step self etch adhesive and one-step self-etch adhesive plus an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer in non-carious cervical lesion. Twenty four participants having bilateral cervical lesion at the maxillary premolars teeth were selected. Following cleaning of the cervical lesions, 24 left premolar teeth were restored with giomer by using the one-step self-etch system (Group A) and 24 right premolar teeth were restored with giomer by using one-step self-etching plus extra hydrophobic adhesive layer (Group B). Participants were recalled at 6 and 15 months for evaluating the clinical outcome. The results showed that at 15 months, 18 giomer restorations in Group A and 21 in Group B were intact inside the cavity and no significant difference was found between the two groups. It can be concluded that giomer restoration used with one-step self- etching plus additional adhesive layer slightly improved the retention of the material.

PERAWATAN PADA PASIEN ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Background: Ankyloglossia (tongue tie) is a congenital aberration characterized by a thick, toned, or short frenulum that causes limited tongue movement. Lingual frenectomy is performed for the treatment of patients with ankyloglossia. After surgery the patient can lift the tongue to the palate and can reach the labial portion of the maxillary left and right teeth. The purpose of this case report is to report frenectomy treatment in the lingual frenulum. Case Management: The 14-year-old female patient felt the tongue could not be lifted to the palate and it was difficult to clean the labial portion of the maxillary left and right teeth. On clinical examination the patient’s lingualis frenulum is short. The patient get prophylaxis treatment followed by a lingualis frenectomy surgery. Result: After 1 month control, the patient can lift the tongue to the palate and can clean the labial portion of the maxillary right and left teeth

Behavioral inferences from the high levels of dental chipping in Homo naledi.

A variety of mechanical processes can result in antemortem dental chipping. In this study, chipping data in the teeth of Homo naledi are compared with those of other pertinent dental samples to give insight into their etiology. Permanent teeth with complete crowns evidencing occlusal wear were examined macroscopically. The location, number, and severity of fractures were recorded and compared to those found in samples of two other South African fossil hominin species and in samples of nonhuman primates (n=3) and recent humans (n=7). With 44% of teeth affected, H. naledi exhibits far higher rates of chipping than the other fossil hominin samples. Specifically, 50% of posterior teeth and 31% of anterior teeth display at least one chip. The maxillary teeth are more affected than the mandibular teeth (45% vs 43%, respectively), 73% of molar chipping occurs on interproximal surfaces, and right teeth are more often affected than left teeth (50% vs 38%). Results indicate that the teeth of H. naledi were exposed to acute trauma on a regular basis. Because interproximal areas are more affected than buccal and posterior teeth more than anterior, it is unlikely that nonmasticatory cultural behavior was the cause. A diet containing hard and resistant food, or contaminants such as grit, is more likely. The small chip size, and steep occlusal wear and cupped dentine on some molars are supportive of the latter possibility. This pattern of chipping suggests that H. naledi differed considerably-in terms of diet, environment, and/or specialized masticatory processing-relative to other African fossil hominins.

Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Case Report

Aim: Odontogenic keratocysts are aggressive lesions characterised by a high recurrence risk ratio due to dental lamina residues in mandibular and maxillary regions. Odontogenic keratocysts appear distinct from other jaw cysts.
 Methodology: In this report, a 35-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with numbness in the left mandible; the patient had also been admitted approximately 1 year previously complaining of paraesthesia, which subsequently progressed to complete numbness. During intraoral examination luxation was detected in the mandibular left second molar tooth. No carries or periodontal abnormalities were observed. In panoramic images a radiolucent lesion was detected, with regular boundaries, in the area of interest. Results: The mass was enucleated under local anaesthesia and second molar teeth were extracted. During histopathological examination the mass was determined as a keratocyst.
 Conclusions: In the present case, surgical treatment was performed. 
 How to cite this article: Koparal M, Adiguzel O. Treatment of Odontogenic Keratocyst: A Case Report. Int Dent Res 2017;7:17-9.
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Oral Verruciform Xanthoma: A Case Report and a Literature Review

Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon lesion confined mainly to the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. The definitive diagnosis is always made during a histologic examination of the submitted biopsy specimen. Histologically, it is characterized by verrucopapillomatosis, parakeratosis, with aggregates of lipid-laden foam cells (called ‘xanthoma cells’) in the connective tissue papillae. The immunohistochemical study and special stain show foam cells that are positive for CD68 and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)-positive, diastase resistant. We present a case of oral VX in a 37-year-old Thai female after an incidental finding during a routine oral check-up. The slightly raised lesion with a verrucous surface at the buccal attached and marginal gingiva of the left second lower premolar tooth was observed. In oral examination, clinical differential diagnosis and incisional biopsy were performed. The histopathology, immunohistochemical study and special stain confirmed the diagnosis of oral VX. The aim of this article is to describe a rare case diagnosed as oral VX based on clinical and histopathological findings, and present a brief review of the literature.

Management of a Complicated Crown Fracture in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Restoration of a fractured tooth is routinely performed in clinical practice. Many factors are considered in an effort to provide optimal mechanical properties, aesthetics, longevity as well as patient acceptance. In this type of challenging endeavour, main effort should be made to save as much of the coronal tooth structure to increase survival rate of endodontically-treated teeth. This case report presents a 35-year-old male with an oblique complicated crown fracture of maxillary left central incisor tooth. The procedure used to repair the fracture was gingivectomy followed by endodontic treatment. The root canal was filled with a root canal sealer and gutta-percha points. After root canal obturation, the tooth was restored with a glass fiber post and composite resin without additional crown coverage. The restoration made it possible to maintain the remaining tooth structure in a good occlusion and resulted in a high level of patient satisfaction.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(1): 35-38