LED Light Research Articles

Dimerized Non-Fullerene Acceptor-based organic photovoltaics for Round-the-Clock functioning

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a key sustainable energy technology capable of efficiently generating electricity from both direct sunlight and low-intensity indoor lighting. Despite ongoing research to improve their performance, limited efforts have been undertaken to develop OPVs that can operate consistently (24/7/365) under versatile lighting conditions. For effective utilization, OPVs must demonstrate efficient operation under both outdoor and indoor illumination conditions, generating sufficient electrical power to drive microelectronic devices. Low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) in OPVs are limited by low open-circuit voltage (VOC) under indoor lighting, restricting their performance. While high-bandgap NFAs can improve indoor power-conversion efficiency (PCE) by elevating VOC, they may often reduce outdoor performance owing to reduced light harvesting. Thus, we developed OPVs using the oligomeric dimerized NFA DYBO, which simultaneously achieved an excellent PCE of 16.7 % under simulated solar illumination and a remarkable maximum power output density (Pmax) of 0.079 and 0.396 mW/cm2 under a 5,200 K LED and halogen lamp (1000 lx), respectively, attributed to elevated VOC and reduced short-circuit current density (JSC) losses. The optimized OPVs demonstrated PCEs nearly equivalent to those of the current state-of-the-art under indoor illumination, with a remarkable Pmax capable of autonomously powering a variety of microelectronic devices.

Exposure dose, light distribution and wavelength affect the fate of introduced bacterial biological control agents in the phyllosphere of greenhouse grown tomato

Societal Impact StatementThe use of chemical plant protection products must be reduced to promote sustainability in food production. One possible alternative is biological control agents (BCAs), but their efficacy under commercial conditions does not always reach the standard of chemical control agents. Previously, light has been found to induce mechanisms in bacterial BCAs that can affect their distribution and establishment. This could promote BCA efficacy. We looked into how monochromatic and polychromatic (which is what growers use) light treatments affected the occurrence of three BCAs post‐application. By combining two non‐chemical methods: a biological (BCA) and a cultural (light) control method, this offers a new integrated pest control strategy.Summary The dynamics and functionality of beneficial and non‐beneficial, non‐phototrophic bacteria can be influenced by light quality. We investigated if light could aid the survival of three bacterial biological control agents (BCAs; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM7, Pseudomonas chlororaphis 50083 and Streptomyces griseoviridis CBS904.68) in the canopy of greenhouse‐grown tomatoes at four light treatments. Tomato plants were exposed to 50 μmol m−2 s−1 of either polychromatic light (white) or monochromatic light (blue: 420 nm, green: 530 nm and red: 660 nm) using DYNA LED lamps for a total of 48 h post foliar application of the BCAs. Leaves were harvested from two levels in the canopy at the top and middle of each plant at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post inoculation. The occurrences of the BCAs were quantified by plate count and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). S. griseoviridis persisted under most treatments, whereas P. chlororaphis and B. amyloliquefaciens preferred the polychromatic and green light treatments as depicted by the viable count analyses. Significant differences between the DNA and cDNA concentrations were only noted for P. chlororaphis, with prominent wavelength effects. Light exposure dose, placement in the canopy and wavelength were found to be decisive factors for BCA re‐isolation, indicating that they have different optimal light environments.

An Ecoflex-encapsulated interlayer-structured triboelectric nanogenerator for Sports activity monitoring

Incorporating self-powered devices with flexible sensors not only tackles the power obstacles linked to wearable electronics but also greatly broadens their capability and application fields. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) have garnered significant interest in the wearable electronics sector because of their distinct ability to harness ambient energy. Several techniques have been suggested to improve the efficiency of TENG, but these strategies often result in higher intricacy and manufacturing expenses. This study presents an interlayer structure that efficiently increases the surface contact area of TENG, consequently improving their output performance. Using this structure, a cost-effective, highly sensitive, and easily manufacturable sensor called the Ecoflex-encapsulated interlayered triboelectric nanogenerator (EI-TENG), has been developed. The EI-TENG demonstrates superior performance compared to a monolayer TENG (M−TENG) of identical dimensions, exhibiting a 1.6-fold increase in voltage output., a fivefold enhancement in minimum measurement precision, and a 2.29-fold increase in sensitivity. In addition, the EI-TENG exhibits exceptional endurance, as it maintains a consistent output even after undergoing 10,000 cycles. Furthermore, it reliably functions under different temperature and humidity situations. The energy produced by the EI-TENG is adequate to power 45 LED lamps directly. The EI-TENG, when affixed to an athlete’s hand, is capable of sensing the distribution of pressure while dribbling and shooting a ball, which assists athletes in honing their methods and making necessary adjustments to their hand strength. This study not only demonstrates the creation of interlayer-structured TENG, which produces a high amount of electrical energy and is durable and stable in many environments, but also provides valuable information for the future advancement of affordable, self-sustaining electronic devices.

Tubular nanofiber membranes combined with Z-scheme CuS@Co3S4 heterojunction catalyst for high-efficient removal of polyvinyl alcohol from waste water with high COD

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a typical water-soluble polymer with huge global production, is becoming one of the most ubiquitous pollutants and indeed the villain of the piece contributing high chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater. Membrane technology is an effective method for wastewater purification, in particular, with the combination of peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-assisted advanced oxidation or photocatalytic process, is capable of maintaining high water flux and anti-fouling. Herein, a ZIF-67 derived Z-scheme CuS@Co3S4 heterojunction catalyst immobilized by poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) tubular nanofiber membrane (CuS@Co3S4/PMIA-TNM) is designed using a polyester braided tube as interior reinforcement. The resultant membrane features with outstanding superhydrophilicity and commendable porosity (82.1%), leading to a significantly enhanced permeability (water flux > 82.3L·m-2·h-1). Meanwhile, the membrane shows promising PVA removal efficiency (> 99.9%) with a high COD removal efficiency (~ 83.4%) and enhanced antifouling capacity (flux recovery ratio > 99.7%) with the assistance of PMS driven by an ultra low-power LED lamp. The universal applicability and environmental adaptability are also verified in various reaction conditions. In terms of ecotoxicological impacts of the PVA wastewater before and after treatment on aquatic organisms, Zebrafish embryonic development dynamically demonstrated that the treated PVA waste water by the developed hybrid membrane is healthy for fish to grow. Our study definitely opens up a new avenue to develop high-performance catalytic membranes for PVA-based wastewater treatment.

Production of Ag nanowires with high yield and narrow size distribution by promoting nucleation through hot injection and their application to disposable paper electrodes

The polyol method has been the most commonly used technique for fabricating silver nanowires (Ag NWs), wherein additive reagents facilitate precise control over their morphology. In this work, we introduced a straightforward approach to synthesize Ag NWs with minimal impurities and uniform diameter by using hot injection method. The underlying mechanism and final product are evaluated, and the scalable process was optimized to achieve a high yield (∼87.8 %). It was found that the hot injection of a Ag precursor at 170 °C significantly accelerated the reduction of Ag ions. The issue of the uniformity of Ag NWs was addressed by adding an organic halide to control the nucleation rate of Ag. The resulting Ag NWs solution was used to impregnated cellulose paper, forming an enhanced electrical network compared to other substrates. Given the low commercial cost of paper, this approach holds significant potential for widespread use in disposable electrodes. Furthermore, after subjecting the fabricated paper electrodes to various forms of damage, the connected LED bulbs consistently maintained their brightness. This demonstrates the network stability and suitability of these electrodes for flexible applications.

Multifunctional organohydrogels enabling sensitive strain sensing and self-powered triboelectricity

Hydrogels have broad application prospects in portable strain sensors and triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), and have attracted great attention in the field of wearable electronic devices and energy transfer devices. However, the development of multifunctional gels that can meet a variety of application scenarios is still a challenging problem. In this study, a multifunctional poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid)/lignosulfonate/Zr4+ organohydrogel noted as “P(AM-co-AMPS)/LS/Zr4+” was fabricated based on dynamic metal coordination bonds and hydrogen bonds, which could be used as flexible strain sensor and TENG electrode material. The organohydrogel based strain sensor could monitor both large and tiny human movements due to the high sensitivity (GF = 4.37, up to 200 %) and circulation stability. The assembled organohydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerator (O-TENG) could generate an open-circuit voltage of 70.47 V and a short-circuit current of 25.21 μA. It is worth mentioning that the O-TENG could light up 44 LED bulbs by tapping with the palm at −20 °C, and the electronic output performance of the O-TENG after self-healing was unaffected. Additionally, the O-TENG exhibited enormous potentials in the biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered motion sensors in the areas of human movements detection, human–computer interaction, electronic skin and self-powered devices.

Finite Element Analysis of LED Heat Dissipation Performance Based on Graphene Composites

Abstract With the gradual development of integrated circuits to thin, high-performance and versatile of electronic products is becoming more and more powerful, and its integration and assembly density continue to improve, which will lead to the increase of its working power consumption and heat. If not timely treatment of heat dissipation problems, which will lead to heat concentration in the diode PN junction, it will reduce the service life of LED lights, and in severe cases, it will even burn the LED device. Therefore, it is crucial to improve heat dissipation efficiency of LED and reduce the junction temperature of chip. An LED structure with aluminum material and an LED structure with graphene material are analyzed by finite element method to study the heat dissipation efficiency of the graphene material. The results reveal that the heat dissipation effect of high conductivity graphene composites provides a convenient evaluation method for the subsequent use of the new materials. The research in this paper shows that the software simulation method can effectively analyze the thermal conductivity of practical engineering applications.

Plant-synthesis of co-doped tin dioxide nanocomposite with magnetic activity and its photocatalytic performance assessment on dyes and pesticides

The hydrothermal method was used to introduce different amounts of Praseodymium ion (Pr3+) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at.%) and Yttrium ion (Y3+) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at.%) into existing SnO2 nanoparticles. A novel nanocomposite was created by combining Fe3O4 and SnO2:Pr3+,Y3+ nanoparticles, resulting in a material with magnetic properties, i.e., Fe3O4/SnO2:Pr3+,Y3+, named FPYS. Subsequently, the hydrothermal synthesis approach was utilized to produce nanocomposites of FPYS in the presence of plant extract. The photodecomposition efficiency of as-synthesized nanocomposite was studied with some selected dyes and pesticides under 50W LED light. The present study focused on experimentally optimising the key parameters like the initial concentration, photocatalyst quantity, photocatalyst reuse, and pH level. By employing the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, we successfully calculated the rate at which RhB, MB, 2,4-DCP, and MB undergo photocatalytic degradation under optimal conditions (pH = 7, pollutant concentration = 8 ppm, volume of pollutants = 20 mL, and photocatalyst amount = 3 mg). The model showed that MB, RhB, 2,4-DCP, and TCAA have k values of 0.061, 0.062, 0.051, and 0.036 min−1, respectively. The breakdown rate for MB dye was 81% and for RhB dye was 78% with nanocomposite made in the presence of 2 mL of Parkia speciosa extract, which was subjected to LED radiation for 150 min at pH 7. The degradation rates of 2,4-DCP and TCAA differed, i.e., the former was degraded by 68% and the latter by 52%. Pr3+ and Y3+ ions co-doped with SnO2 enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and pesticides.

Constructing AlOOH-PVA/ZIF-67/AgCl/Ag composite membrane for the efficient photodegradation of organic pollutants under visible light irradiation

This study effectively fabricated photocatalytic membranes (∼5 cm diameter) assembled by γ-AlOOH-PVA (BOP) decorated heterostructural ZIF-67/AgCl/Ag composites by combing seeded secondary growth and photoreduction methods. First, the ZIF-67-seeded BOP membrane was shaped in a petri dish, followed by submerging in a 2-methylimidazole ligand for secondary growth to obtain the BOP/ZIF-67 membrane. Next, AgCl/Ag was formulated on the membrane by dipping it in an AgNO3 solution, followed by a photoreduction under visible LED light, resulting in a BOP/ZIF/AgCl/Ag membrane. The characterization showed that the membrane contained heterostructures of ZIF-67/AgCl/Ag anchored onto the BOP membrane. The BOP/ZIF/AgCl/Ag composite membranes exhibited enhanced light absorption and appeared the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag0, giving it a bandgap energy of ∼2.10 eV. Photodegradation under visible LED light irradiation showed that the BOP/ZIF/AgCl/Ag membrane efficiently removed tetracycline (TC) and Rhodamine B dye (RhB) with corresponding degradation efficiency of ∼99% (90 min) and ∼95% (140 min), giving reaction rates of ∼0.046 min−1 and 0.019 min−1, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism and photodegradation pathways analyses provided insights into the degradations of organic pollutants. Significantly, the designed BOP/ZIF/AgCl/Ag membrane quickly recovered from the solution and was of good durability. The study provided an effective strategy for constructing heterostructural ZIF-67/AgCl/Ag composite membranes, which are efficient and eco-friendly photocatalyst materials.

Low-energy red light-emitting diode irradiation enhances osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating miR-146a-5p.

The study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146a-5p in osteogenesis of hPDLSCs irradiated with low-energy red LEDs. After irradiation with 5 J/cm2 red LED, miR-146a-5p expression was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and osteogenic markers expression was determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed by ALP staining, and mineralization was assessed by Alizarin Red staining, respectively. Lentiviral vectors were designed to regulate miR-146a-5p expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeted relationship between miR-146a-5p and MAPK1. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to regulate MAPK1 expression. RT-qPCR and western blotting revealed that 5 J/cm2 irradiation elevated the levels of the osteogenic markers osterix (OSX) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) in hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p is downregulated in hPDLSCs under the low-energy red LED light irradiation. miR-146a-5p underexpression markedly promoted the osteogenic potential of hPDLSCs. miR-146a-5p targeted MAPK1. 5 J/cm2 red LED irradiation rescued the inhibitory effects of upregulated miR-146a-5p on osteogenic differentiation, and the positive influence of red LED irradiation could be reversed by downregulated MAPK1. These findings confirm that miR-146a-5p is involved in the effect of LED irradiation on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by targeting MAPK1. Red LED irradiation may be a potential clinical adjunct therapy for periodontal regeneration.

Sintering Driven Void Formation in PS@WO3 Core-Shell Composites: A Photodegradation Enhancement Strategy

Background: Polystyrene nanospheres are used as a substrate for the hydrothermal coating of tungsten trioxide (WO3) to form a core-shell composite of PS@WO3. The core-shell structure is used for the next sintering step. This produces porous WO3. The focus of this study is on the role of porous WO3 in enhancing photocatalytic performance. Methods: The hydrothermal method was employed for coating, and the surface morphology, as well as the structural properties of WO3-coated PS spheres, were systematically investigated using SEM and XRD analyses. Additionally, the sintering process was introduced to enhance the material by inducing rupture in the PS sphere core, creating voids that significantly increased the material's surface area. Results: The evaluation of the effect of sintering temperature on photodegradation efficiency highlighted the crucial role of sintering temperature. Un-sintered and 300°C sintered WO3, both having a hexagonal crystalline structure, exhibited superior degradation efficiencies compared to samples sintered at higher temperatures (400°C and 500°C). In particular, the 300°C sintered WO3 outperformed its un-sintered counterpart despite identical crystalline structures. The performance of the PS@WO3 composite was assessed to determine the enhanced role of porous WO3. The porous WO3 obtained, in particular by the sintering of the core-shell PS@WO3 composites at 300°C, showed a remarkable improvement in the degradation efficiency. These composite demonstrated over 95% efficiency within 10 minutes and achieved near complete (100%) degradation for a further 10 minutes, surpassing the performance of pure WO3. It is important to clarify that while the final product was predominantly WO3 after the sintering process, the inclusion of PS served a critical purpose in creating voids during sintering. The PS@WO3 composite structure used as a resource for the preparation of porous WO3, even with a potentially reduced PS composition, has been found to play a significant role in influencing the surface area of the material, and consequently the photocatalytic performance. Conclusion: The study has highlighted the importance of crystalline structure and sintering conditions in optimizing the efficiency of photocatalytic materials. The porous WO3 obtained, in particular by the sintering of the core-shell PS@WO3 composites at 300°C, showed promising potential for applications under UV and visible LED light irradiation. These results provide valuable insights for the development of advanced photocatalytic materials with improved performance, highlighting WO3 as the key contributor to the observed improvements.

Tough strippable hydrogel films based on acrylic acid/acrylamide/zirconyl chloride for surface radioactive decontamination at low temperatures

Strippable films are extensively utilised for the decontamination of radioactive surfaces because of their cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and minimal liquid waste. However, traditional strippable detergents are formulated for use at normal ambient temperatures and typically lose their efficacy at low temperatures because of poor performance or excessively long film-forming time. In this study, we have developed an anti-freezing and sprayable AMZW detergent based on acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), zirconyl chloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O), and water (H2O), which possesses a freezing point of approximately −34 ℃ due to the solvation interaction between Zr4+ and H2O. Even at temperatures as low as −25 ℃, the AMZW detergent can be easily sprayed using a conventional apparatus and rapidly cured into a strippable hydrogel film under irradiation by 365 nm UV LED light (LED@365 nm), household LED panel light, or sunlight. The coordination bond formed between Zr4+ and the carboxyl group of the polymer chain imparts excellent mechanical properties to the hydrogel while the carboxyl group can complex with uranyl nitrate hexahydrate (UO2(NO3)2·6H2O)—a radioactive simulant. As a result, the strippable hydrogel film demonstrates high tensile strength (6.1 ∼ 19.3 MPa), excellent flexibility (elongation of 90 ∼ 855 %), moderate peel strength (0.05 ∼ 3 N/cm, room temperature (RT)), and high decontamination efficiency (>91.6 % on stainless steel and glass; >81.3 % on concrete) over a wide range of temperatures (−25 ∼ 25 ℃). This work presents a novel approach for producing anti-freezing, fast-forming, flexible, and high-strength strippable hydrogel films for surface radioactive decontamination at low temperatures.

Effects of LED Light on Aromatic Medicinal Plants from Lavandula, Salvia, and Thymus Genera: A Systematic Review

LED light technology has been used in recent years in plant breeding due to its proven energy efficiency, low cost, and high quality for the enhancement of crops, including some aromatic medicinal plants (AMPs). Nonetheless, although several studies have shown that specific wavelengths can increase the content of bioactive compounds used by pharmaceutical, medical, and perfumery industries, there is limited information on this topic and the possible implications for plant stress in AMPs. The current systematic review focused on the effects of LED light on the physiological response, metabolite synthesis, and flowering induction in three important AMP genera: Lavandula, Salvia, and Thymus, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. A literature search was performed in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The bibliographic analysis highlights the significant variation in physiological responses to different light spectra between species, even within the same genera, implying a need to optimize light conditions in each species to achieve the best results. Finally, this review provides essential information for laying the groundwork for future research focused on enhancing AMPs using LED light to overcome various types of stress.

Design of robotic assistant for search and rescue operations

The need for search and rescue (SAR) operations arises in various situations: natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or avalanches, accidents, etc. It is known that the large volume and diversity of the identified area, the limited view, dangerous conditions and the presence of victims in remote or hard-to-reach places complicate such work. The use of advanced technologies such as robotics in improving the efficiency of search and rescue operations to solve problems in these cases allows us to obtain rational solutions. A robotic assistant for search and rescue operations has been developed, a 3D model has been developed. The robot is controlled autonomously or remotely, overcome difficult terrain, collect data and perform tasks that contribute to the search and rescue process. Internet of Things devices and sensors interact over the network, allowing you to collect, analyze and share data in real time. The Arduino board was chosen to create the project. The device circuit was assembled and the operation of the sensors was combined. The device used an ultrasonic sensor, a camera, LED lamps and a speaker for the sound of a siren. The robot assistant works in both offline and manual modes. The device is controlled via a web interface, and the video received by the camera is provided in real time. The wheels of the device can move over any terrain, and the device is designed so that it can move on both sides (under and over).

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of g-C3N4/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 as a Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic and Rhodamine B (RhB) dye

Photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic pollutants using natural sunlight is a rapidly advancing area of research, particularly involving binary or ternary component photocatalysts with Z-type heterojunctions. In this study, ternary g-C3N4/BiOBr/Bi2MoO6 photocatalysts were fabricated using a simple one-pot solvothermal method. The morphology and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using various techniques, including X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirming the presence of BiOBr, Bi2MoO6, and g-C3N4 components. The inclusion of g-C3N4 increased the BET surface area of the composite up to 46 m2/g, compared with BiOBr. In addition, g-C3N4 also enhanced the light absorption capability of the composite into the visible light range, while BiOBr and Bi2MoO6 significantly improved separation of electron-hole pairs, as evidenced by photoluminescence (PL) intensity. Under visible light illumination (LED lamp), the prepared photocatalyst showed high efficiency, achieving 94 % degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic in 180 min and 92 % degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye in 240 min. Moreover, under natural sunlight irradiation, the photocatalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of approximately 91 % for CIP and 100 % for RhB within 180 minutes. The photodegradation of the pollutants followed first-order kinetics with a Z-scheme type heterojunction. The photogenerated electrons played a crucial role as the main active species involved in detoxification of the organic contaminants. The photocatalyst exhibited excellent structural stability and good cycling ability, maintaining its original photocatalytic performance even after five cycles of use. This work demonstrates a promising strategy for developing sunlight-active ternary heterojunctions for environmental remediation.

Design, Development and Evaluation of Smart Lighting System for Physically Challenged Person

This study determined the effectiveness of the propose project smart home lighting system for physically disabled person. Specifically, it deals the main usage of the proposed project, its functionality, applicability, durability and safety and how this project works properly in other to help people as a new innovation. The project is tested out of 20 respondents that has knowledge regarding electricity, enough to understand the flow of the project its material used, functions, usage and how it works. The proposed project has a very good application. It helps physically disabled person to use the device even if they are alone without the help of others. Device allow users can customize lighting environment. The conclusions are drawn based on the findings of the study. Enhanced control smart lighting systems provide individuals with physical disabilities the ability to control their lights using voice commands or mobile applications. Energy efficiency often incorporate energy-saving features, such as LED bulbs and automated scheduling. Physically impaired person this device had a very important usage by providing them with convenient and accessible control over their lighting environment. Future researchers are encouraged to conduct studies similar to the present investigation in their domain school..

IoT-Enabled Medication Reminder System with Alarm Delay Function

Medication compliance is essential to support the recovery of one's health. Prescribed medication for patients should be taken in accordance with the instructions, such as taking it after a meal, so patients should adhere to these guidelines for the medication to work optimally. Typically, medication reminder devices that have been designed continuously sound alarms until the user takes the medication. This allows users to meet the requirements before taking the medication, for example, having a meal if necessary. This medication reminder device is built with a snooze button that allows users to postpone the alarm so they can complete the necessary tasks before taking the medication. It also features LED lights to indicate the medication box that needs to be taken. The LCD displays real-time information, the next medication time, and the type of medication to be taken. The result of creating this device is that it can activate alarms according to the specified schedule and activate the LED lights corresponding to the medication box to be taken. The snooze function works when the snooze button is pressed and when the medication is not taken for 1 minute. After being postponed, the alarm will reactivate after 3 minutes. Additionally, notifications are also successfully sent to the Telegram application connected to the device. There is a delay of approximately 15-30 seconds when activating the alarm. Messages are sent to Telegram at three (3) times.

UI/UX Redesign of SH-UPI App Using Design Thinking Framework

The rise of smart home technology has significantly impacted people’s behavior and lifestyle, especially when controlling household electronics remotely. Smart homes have become increasingly commoditized in the last decades, resulting in several vendors offering various commercial products and their variants. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI) has created the smart home platform “SH-UPI,” which includes the Smart LED Bulb RGB. The platform’s mobile app can be downloaded from the Play Store or the official website (www.sh-upi.com). The SH-UPI is one of Indonesia's leading smart homes that adopted Internet-of-Things (IoT). However, customers have reported issues with the app’s user interface (UI) and user experience (UX), prompting a redesign to address these concerns and stay competitive. This study employs the design thinking method of empathizing, defining, imagining, prototyping, and testing. The define stage to prototype stage resulted in a newly designed prototype for the SH-UPI app. Testing involved evaluating the prototype using metrics like the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) and System Usability Scale (SUS). The test results showed an increase in the UEQ parameter value, exceeding the initial average scores of -0.8 to 0.8. Additionally, there was an improvement compared to benchmark scores, which initially ranged from below average to poor but now range from above average to excellent. The SUS score also improved, rising from 59.75 (grade D) to 83.625 (grade A). The findings of this study can be a valuable resource for developing SH-UPI apps with significantly enhanced UI/UX.

Chlorin e6-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Targeted by Angiopep-2: Advancing Photodynamic Therapy in Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor known for its resistance to standard treatments. Despite surgery being a primary option, it often leads to incomplete removal and high recurrence rates. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise as an adjunctive treatment, but safety concerns and the need for high-power lasers have limited its widespread use. This research addresses these challenges by introducing a novel PDT approach, using chlorin e6 (Ce6) enclosed in nanostructured lipid carriers (Ang-Ce6-NLCs) and targeted to GBM with the angiopep-2 peptide. Remarkably, a single 5-min irradiation session with LEDs at 660nm and low power density (10mW cm- 2) proves effective against GBM, while reducing safety risks associated with high-power lasers. Encapsulation improves Ce6 stability and performance in physiological environments, while angiopep-2 targeting enhances delivery to GBM cells, maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing off-target effects. The findings demonstrate that Ang-Ce6-NLCs-mediated PDT brings about a significant reduction in GBM cell viability, increases oxidative stress, reduces tumor migration, and enhances apoptosis. Overall, such treatment holds potential as a safe and efficient intraoperative removal of GBM infiltrating cells that cannot be reached by surgery, using low-power LED light to minimize harm to surrounding healthy tissue while maximizing tumor treatment.

Photodynamic activity of curcumin against Candida biofilms on toothbrushes

Oral hygiene is necessary for maintaining human health, and regular brushing is recommended to control oral microbial biofilm. Toothbrushes are manufactured free of microorganisms, but after the first use they become contaminated and can represent a potential source of cross-contamination. Regular replacement or decontamination of toothbrushes is recommended. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a technology based on the production of reactive oxygen species, when light-absorbing compounds (photosensitizers) react with light and oxygen. The products of these reactions have antimicrobial activity and are used in dentistry to control microbial biofilms. Take into account, this study evaluated the activity of curcumin photoactivated with 450nm LED light against Candida krusei Ck7 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 biofilms adhered to toothbrushes. Curcumin without photoactivation reduced the number of viable cells by 77.5% and 91.73%, respectively. Photoactivated curcumin reduced the biofilm of C. krusei Ck7 by 97.94% and C. albicans by 98.8%. Therefore, photoactivated curcumin provided a powerful reduction in the number of viable yeasts associated with the biofilm and may represent a promising complementary technique to conventional antimicrobial agents.