Learning Perspective Research Articles

Incumbent inertia, innovativeness, and performance (dis)advantages: A demand-side learning perspective

Strategies of incumbent firms have received considerable attention in marketing and across business disciplines, but findings regarding performance (dis)advantages and innovativeness are mixed. Prior studies on supply-side sources (factors internal to the firm) of incumbent inertia disadvantages are more prevalent than those on demand-side factors, which relate to a firm’s customers and may explain potential incumbent advantages. We introduce an integrated demand-side framework to incumbent inertia, recognizing how the supply- and demand-side factors interrelate through learning mechanisms. On the one hand, incumbent firms learn and develop various routines and assets that influence their product strategies, typically reflecting inertia and incremental innovation. At the same time, customers learn about products in the market, forming preferences that reflect switching costs and network externalities (demand-side factors). Although an incumbent can gain advantages from demand-side effects, this could accelerate the onset of supply-side disadvantages. We present a set of research propositions that specify critical effects, and examine implications for incumbent strategies.

Interaction Between Automation and Humans in Supply Chain Planning

Automation is transforming supply chain planning (SCP) processes, replacing human tasks with technological solutions. While automation offers efficiency gains, the interaction between humans and automated systems presents behavioral challenges. This study investigates how decision-makers in SCP processes learn to correct errors when interacting with automated demand forecasting systems versus human planners. Drawing from psychology and behavioral theories, we examine the effects of interaction type (automated system vs. human) on learning, operationalized as performance improvement over time. Further, we analyze whether this relationship is moderated by cognitive psychological traits (positive attitude towards technology, technology anxiety/dependence) and socio-psychological traits (social influence based on subjective norms, social influence based on image) of the human decision-maker. Our article contributes to supply chain management research by introducing automation-human interaction, providing a temporal learning perspective on performance, and integrating cognitive and socio-psychological moderators. Insights are offered on how to facilitate effective human-automation collaboration by managing socio-psychological influences. Limitations and future research opportunities, including cultural contexts and artificial intelligence, are discussed.

Exploring the role of process control and catalyst design in methane catalytic decomposition: A machine learning perspective

Methane catalytic pyrolysis presents a promising avenue for producing CO2-free hydrogen. However, optimizing catalyst composition and process parameters through experimental studies has been resource-intensive. Machine learning techniques have been increasingly utilized to deepen the understanding of process mechanisms. In this study, machine learning models were developed to deepen the understanding of the effects of process control and catalyst design on CH4 conversion performance. The optimal CH4 conversion model achieved a testing R2 of 0.9999. To further assess the model's real-world applicability, an initial verification experiment was conducted using a catalyst composition and process parameters distinct from those in the dataset. The results reaffirmed the model's good accuracy in real-world scenarios. Delving deeper into the intricacies of methane pyrolysis, the Shapley values and partial dependence plots generated by the model were scrutinized and discussed to provide a new perspective on the influence of process control and catalyst design parameters on methane catalytic decomposition.

Using Simulations to Support Students’ Conceptual Development Related to Wildfire Hazards and Risks from an Experiential Learning Perspective

Using Simulations to Support Students’ Conceptual Development Related to Wildfire Hazards and Risks from an Experiential Learning Perspective

Leader spirituality and organizational innovativeness as determinants of transformational leadership and project success: behavioral and social learning perspectives

PurposeWe examine the relationships among leader spirituality, organizational innovativeness, transformational leadership style and project success. Integrating principles of behavioral learning and social learning theories, we argue that spiritual leadership style is positively linked to project success, and this relationship is mediated by transformational leadership. Furthermore, the relationship between leader spirituality and transformational leadership is moderated by organizational innovativeness.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 180 individuals working in seven large project-based organizations from the telecom sector in Pakistan. The individuals comprise engineers, functional managers, dedicated project managers and individuals who have led and/or worked in project teams. Data are analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling.FindingsResults suggest that the relationship between spiritual leadership style and project success is positive and is partially mediated by transformational leadership. Furthermore, organizational innovativeness positively moderates the spiritual leadership and transformational leadership relationship.Originality/valueResearch calls for examining the relationship between leadership styles and project success. We address this call through examining the role of spiritual leadership style (which is rather ignored in project management literature) for project success. Furthermore, we take a novel evolutionary approach of integrating different leadership styles and indicating determinants as well as contingencies to leadership development.

Investigating the effects of digital platform participation on B&B performance: An organizational learning perspective

Previous research has yet to fully explore the mechanisms through which digital platforms shape the performance of tourism small and medium enterpirses (SMEs). This study, guided by the organizational learning theory, hypothesizes that engagement with digital platforms impacts tourism SMEs' business outcomes primarily through the enhancement of capabilities, specifically marketing and innovation. This study conducted an online survey involving 316 Bed and Breakfast (B&B) owners and supplemented it with semi-structured interviews of 21 owners. The findings reveal that both the intensity of participation (measured by the allocation of human resources to digital platform management) and the diversity of participation (indicated by the number of platforms used) positively correlate with business performance, specifically, revenue per available room. This effect is mediated by marketing capability. Additionally, our results emphasize the valuable role of social media platforms in elevating B&Bs' competitiveness. We provide both theoretical perspectives and practical suggestions based on our findings.

Unraveling interlanguage variability: A psycholinguistic exploration of morphological forms in Iranian ESL learners' written performance

The present research study aimed to investigate the psycholinguistic aspects of interlanguage (IL) variability in English as a second language learners from Iran. Three morphological forms were specifically examined in this study: the plural "-s," past tense forms, and present tense forms. In order to investigate the learners' cognitive processes, the researchers used a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative semi-structured interviews with quantitative analysis of written task performance. Under various task conditions, learners exhibited two opposing patterns of IL variability (increasing and decreasing) in their morphological forms. Various degrees of accuracy were noted for every kind of morpheme. Different students allocated their attention differently to form and meaning in both under pressure and relaxed task environments. The observed variations could have been caused by limited working memory and attention capacity in addition to L1 transfer. The research indicated that the field of second language acquisition could benefit from an explanatory approach to comprehend IL variability from the learner's perspective. It provides recommendations for larger-scale research projects in a variety of educational contexts, along with pedagogical implications.

Driving new product development performance: Intellectual capital antecedents and the moderating role of innovation culture

As the expenses associated with new product development (NPD) continue to rise, intellectual capital (IC) plays a critical yet understudied role in influencing NPD performance (NPDP). To address this, we present a comprehensive theoretical framework to empirically analyze how IC provides pharmaceutical companies with essential capabilities to enhance NPDP through the perspective of organizational learning (OL). This study employs a multi-source, time-lagged, and survey-based approach to gather relevant data from pharmaceutical companies. The findings reveal positive relationships between IC components—human, structural, and relational capital— and OL. Moreover, OL emerges as a pivotal predictor of the link between IC components and NPDP. Notably, we uncover that the association between OL and NPDP is moderated by the presence of an innovation culture within organizations. This research significantly contributes to the existing literature by providing new empirical insights into the strategic role of IC in promoting the creation and dissemination of new knowledge within organizations. These insights have substantial implications for practitioners and academics by bolstering firms' capacity for NPDP in knowledge-based sectors.

Missing log prediction using machine learning perspectives: A case study from upper Assam basin

Missing log prediction using machine learning perspectives: A case study from upper Assam basin

How do we measure? Perspectives for learning, steering, and accountability when measuring the utilisation of sports facilities

ABSTRACT Purpose/rationale We discuss how sports facility managers can use the concepts of bookings, usage, and attendance for learning, steering/controlling, and accountability purposes. Design/methodology/approach First, we present different approaches to the performance measurement of sports facilities and show how using data on bookings, usage, and attendance can illustrate the public value created. Using data collected from 321 indoor multi-use sports halls in Denmark, we then analyse data on bookings, usage, and accountability. Findings We conclude that bookings, usage, and attendance can be used for learning. However, when it comes to steering and accountability, it is primarily data on usage that are relevant. Practical implications Managers can use data on usage to work with learning, steering/controlling, and accountability. Research contribution Research has shown that managers do not sufficiently use data in their daily practice, and if they do use data, they primarily use data on bookings. Based on the data in this study, we suggest how sports facility managers can use data on usage and attendance for learning, steering, and accountability purposes. Originality value The research article combines theoretical insights with empirical findings to shed light on the complexities of measuring and managing the utilisation of sports-for-all facilities.

Exploring leader’s unethical proorganizational behavior and follower attitudes toward knowledge hiding and sharing in the service industry: a social learning perspective

PurposeGrounded in the framework of social learning theory (SLT), the current study explores the impact of leaders’ unethical proorganizational behavior (UPB) on their subordinates’ self-management and moral self-efficacy, which, in turn, affect knowledge hiding and sharing among followers. This study aims to examine how instrumental thinking influences the relationship between leader UPB and subordinate behaviors, shaping knowledge sharing and hiding.Design/methodology/approachUsing a longitudinal approach, this research uses a two-wave data collection strategy with a one-month interval. The study cohort comprises 378 employees drawn from technology service firms situated in China.FindingsEmpirical findings confirm that leader UPB is linked to increased follower self-management and knowledge hiding, as well as reduced moral self-efficacy. Instrumental thinking moderates these effects, amplifying knowledge hiding and diminishing moral self-efficacy while reducing knowledge sharing.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes to the existing literature on UPB by offering insights into the distinct consequences of leader UPB on knowledge-related behaviors of followers. Furthermore, the exploration of employees’ instrumental thinking in the context of leader UPB underscores the strategic manipulation of knowledge to fulfill individual goals, thereby enriching the underpinnings of the SLT. The study underscores the imperative for organizations to grasp the implications of UPB and underscores the necessity for stringent ethical frameworks to mitigate its deleterious impact.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the existing literature on UPB by offering insights into the distinct consequences of leader UPB on knowledge-related behaviors of followers. Furthermore, the exploration of employees’ instrumental thinking in the context of leader UPB underscores the strategic manipulation of knowledge to fulfill individual goals, thereby enriching the underpinnings of the SLT. The study underscores the imperative for organizations to grasp the implications of UPB and underscores the necessity for stringent ethical frameworks to mitigate its deleterious impact.Originality/valueThe present study addresses a gap in the current literature by elucidating the multifaceted outcomes of leaders’ UPB on paradoxical behaviors related to knowledge sharing and hiding among followers. This nuanced examination underscores the need to comprehend the intricate contingencies that accentuate the effects of UPB, particularly in the realm of leadership dynamics. Grounded in SLT, this study delves into leadership dynamics and ethical decision-making.

NEXUS BETWEEN ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE METRICS: EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA

Enterprise risk management practices are key instrument for enhancing the business performance metrics of any business entity, especially pharmaceutical firms. This study examined the nexus between enterprise risk management techniques and business performance metrics (financial perspectives, customers’ perspectives, internal business process, and learning and growth perspectives) among selected pharmaceutical companies in Lagos State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design cum double sampling techniques comprising purposive and convenience. The study further employed a structured questionnaire to gather data from a sample size of one hundred and sixty-four (164) participants. For descriptive statistic, simple regression technique was adopted in the data analysis. The study revealed the positively low relationship between enterprise risk management practices and business performance metrics of selected pharmaceutical companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study recommended that pharmaceutical companies should develop ERM framework that would provide a systematic method for detecting, evaluating, controlling, and overseeing risks. Furthermore, it is crucial to foster a culture of risk consciousness inside these organisations, wherein senior executives exhibit their dedication to risk management as an integral aspect of the business ethos. These officials should promote cooperation and transparent communication with different departments and external stakeholders, such as regulators, customers, and suppliers, to aggressively tackle risks.

Distributed training of CosPlace for large-scale visual place recognition.

Visual place recognition (VPR) is a popular computer vision task aimed at recognizing the geographic location of a visual query, usually within a tolerance of a few meters. Modern approaches address VPR from an image retrieval standpoint using a kNN on top of embeddings extracted by a deep neural network from both the query and images in a database. Although most of these approaches rely on contrastive learning, which limits their ability to be trained on large-scale datasets (due to mining), the recently reported CosPlace proposes an alternative training paradigm using a classification task as the proxy. This has been shown to be effective in expanding the potential of VPR models to learn from large-scale and fine-grained datasets. In this work, we experimentally analyze CosPlace from a continual learning perspective and show that its sequential training procedure leads to suboptimal results. As a solution, we propose a different formulation that not only solves the pitfalls of the original training strategy effectively but also enables faster and more efficient distributed training. Finally, we discuss the open challenges in further speeding up large-scale image retrieval for VPR.

Designing and Implementing a Telehealth Simulation for Pain Neuroscience Education in a Doctor of Physical Therapy Curriculum: A Pilot Study

There is continuing debate over the best pedagogical approach to deliver modern pain science knowledge. Experiential learning, such as simulation, may better promote application and retention of curricular material. This study investigated changes in knowledge of pain neurophysiology, attitudes, beliefs and clinical recommendations towards chronic low back pain (CLBP) after participation in a telehealth simulation for pain neuroscience education (PNE). A convenience sample of twenty-one Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students, age 23.6 (± 3.60), completed the simulation. Students completed a pre- and post-questionnaire consisting of the Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (rNPQ) Healthcare Providers’ Pain and Impairments Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) and clinical vignette. Additionally, the post simulation survey included the Simulation Effectiveness Tool Modified (SET-M). Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze all data. Pre- and post-rNPQ mean (SD) scores improved from 5.38 ±1.24 (44.8%) to 6.48 ±1.36 (54%). HC-PAIRS mean (SD) scores lowered from 51.76 ± 9.64 to 47.14 ±5.41, indicating a positive shift in attitudes and beliefs relating to CLBP. All appropriate clinical recommendations improved after post simulation. The mean (SD) SET-M score was 54.9 ±3.66. Experiential learning via a PNE telehealth simulation improved knowledge of pain neurophysiology, positively shifted attitudes and beliefs towards CLBP, while also improving appropriate clinical recommendations. The SET-M scores present the learners perspective and provide guidance in adapting the simulation in the future. Further research should include a longitudinal design with a long-term follow up, a larger sample size across different curricula and a qualitative component to explore the student experience.

An Overview of the Utilization of TikTok in Improving Young Saudi Learners’ Speaking Skills

The present study sought to examine the effectiveness of social media applications, particularly the TikTok platform, in the improvement of English-speaking skills among young Saudi learners from the perspectives of both learners and teachers. The study attempted to answer three questions: How far is the use of social media, especially TikTok, via mobile devices, effective in improving young Saudi learners’ speaking skills outside the classroom? What are young Saudi English language learners’ perspectives on the use of TikTok via mobile devices as a tool for improving their speaking skills? To what extent is learning to speak English through TikTok more effective than traditional class methods? The researcher used a mixed-methods approach to collect data in the study. The sample consisted of 120 secondary school and university students who participated in the study. To reach valid conclusions regarding their perceptions on the use of TikTok as a language development tool, the participants responded to an online 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Following that step, three experienced English teachers provided their perceptions of the impact of TikTok as an enhancement tool in English-speaking learning. The findings of the study indicated that TikTok is an effective tool for learning English, particularly in relation to speaking skills, since both most young Saudi learners and teachers agreed that they perceive TikTok as an effective learning tool that English learners can utilize to motivate them and enhance their speaking skills.

The Model of Sustainability Balanced Scorecard and Supply Chain in Port Management for Tourism

The development of ports for the sake of tourism is one of the key strategies in developing and strengthening a solid foundation in the tourism industry. The integration of a supply chain into port management for the purposes of tourism that is sustainable balanced can be used as a model for planning sustainable port development for tourism purposes. However, there are scarcely any studies on this topic, while plenty focus on the general concepts involved. To fill this gap, this article presents a model of a Sustainability Balanced Scorecard for ports. The author proposes a new approach to planning port development and supply chain management for tourism, particularity to provide recommendations and further our understandings of the relationships involved in the Sustainable Balanced Scorecard from the stakeholder perspective, the learning and growth perspective, the internal process perspective, the financial perspective and the environmental perspective. Using these five perspectives, the literature review identifies 56 indicators of 15 factors that can be used in the model. Therefore, this research helps to enhance and develop sustainable and efficient conditions in tourism while reducing future risks. Moreover, the research enables stakeholders to gain an understanding of and knowledge about the sustainable development and management of ports and for tourism. The insights can be applied in policy and strategy development according to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to accommodate social movement, environmental risk and economic inequality.

Language as a Tool for Inclusive and Equitable School Education: A Critical Review of NEP 2020

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 begins at the very outset by acknowledging education as the fundamental tool for achieving human potential and for achieving economic and social mobility, justice, equality and inclusion. It further recognises the need for education itself to be ‘inclusive and equitable’ for it to be able to become such a tool. The article drawing from socio-cultural learning perspectives examines the language perspective of NEP 2020. The present article aims to examine the commitment of NEP 2020 towards linguistic inclusion and multilingualism in school education by focusing on how the policy appears to understand the significance of languages and the pathway it suggests for the same.

Dynamic spatial aware graph transformer for spatiotemporal traffic flow forecasting

Accurately predicting traffic flow is a crucial upstream technique in intelligent transportation systems for future travel plans, the efficiency of urban transport, and the regulation of transport departments, etc. The mainstream spatiotemporal graph convolutional neural networks are usually based on prior knowledge to predefine adjacency matrix graphs for spatial dependencies of the road network. However, modeling spatial correlation statically limits these models to accurately predict traffic flow, since the spatial correlations of road segments change over time. To address these issues, we propose a spatiotemporal gated transformer network with a graph latent information learning structure, termed GL-STGTN, for spatiotemporal traffic flow forecasting. First, we propose a graph latent information learning structure to dynamically learn the spatial dependencies for road network conditions from global and local learning perspectives. Second, we design a spatiotemporal gated transformer network (STGTN) block, which consists of a localized geographically aware block to extract the local embedding of spatial correlations and a temporal-aware enlarged block to extract local temporal dependencies. The learned spatial and temporal feature embeddings are further aggregated in a spatial multi-head attention module and a temporal multi-head attention module, respectively. In the end, a spatiotemporal fusion layer fuses the spatial and temporal information from the stacked STGTN blocks. Experiments on two public real-world benchmark datasets show that our model outperforms six state-of-the-art models for multi-step traffic flow forecasting.

리빙랩에서의 집단학습과 매개 활동에 대한 사례연구

Objectives A group of various stakeholders itself cannot automatically guarantee learning for co-creation. For the creation of collective knowledge, intermediary activities that can interconnect and integrate several subjects with different interests, backgrounds, experiences, and knowledge are essential. Living Lab is a place of collective learning based on the horizontal cooperative relationship between private, public, industry, and academia, and is a representative form of co-creation. However, in the case of Living Lab in Korea, research from the perspective of collective learning through co-creation has hardly been conducted. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the collective learning of Living Lab and derive implications, focusing on intermediary activities. Methods A qualitative case study was conducted on the ‘Smart Farm Planning Living Lab for Revitalizing the Old Urban Community’ held in Innovation District, Incheon. In order to structure interactions for collective learning, ac-tivities and tasks for each stage of the Living Lab were organized around the process and results of collective learn-ing, and then classified and analyzed as detailed intermediary activities of facilitating, configuring, brokering ac-cording to the definition of Hakkarainen & Hyysalo(2016). Results In all three stages of Living Lab, the proportion of facilitating was the highest, and brokering were common. This can be interpreted as a result showing that intermediary activities that facilitate actors' activities and broker connections between actors are essential in the process of co-creation to solve social problems. Next, through the three stages of Living Lab, all detailed intermediary activities of the facilitating, configuring, brokering appeared, and it was confirmed that the proportion of detailed intermediary activities was different for each stage of progress. This shows that it is necessary to pay attention to the importance and multifacetedness of interme-diary activities that are overlooked in co-creation through Living Lab. Conclusions This study supports the results of previous studies that the intermediary activities that contribute to collecitve learning and co-creation of Living Lab need to be extended and understood into three types: configuring and brokering as well as facilitating. In addition, the diversity of intermediary activities has important implications for the practical guidelines for Living Lab operation, which are characterized by a spiral development structure that changes according to the results of interaction and learning. Finally, the recognition of the intermediary's unique interactional expertise and the need for research on practical curriculum development and field operation guide-lines based on it were proposed.

Navigating the complex dynamics of anesthesiologists’ professional identity formation in the context of their specialty training program: a phenomenographic perspective

BackgroundA specialty training program is crucial for shaping future specialist doctors, imparting clinical knowledge and skills, and fostering a robust professional identity. This study investigates how anesthesiologists develop their professional identity while navigating unique challenges specific to their specialty. The formation of professional identity in anesthesiology significantly influences doctors’ well-being, teamwork, and ultimately patient care, making it a crucial aspect of anesthesiology education. Utilizing a phenomenographic approach, the research explores the learners’ personal experiences and perspectives of professional identity formation in their specialty training programs, providing valuable insights for enhancing future anesthetic educational programs.MethodThe data for this phenomenographic study were collected through semi-structured interviews with anesthesiology trainees and specialists, guided by open-ended questions. The interviews were conducted at a Swedish university hospital, and participant selection used purposive sampling, providing rich and diverse data for analysis after 15 interviews. Iterative analysis followed the seven-step phenomenographic approach. The research team, comprising qualitative research and anesthesiology education experts, ensured result validity through regular review, discussion, and reflective practices.ResultsThe study reveals three fundamental dimensions: ‘Knowledge of Subject Matter,’ ‘Knowledge of Human Relations,’ and ‘Knowledge of Affect.’ These dimensions offer insights into how anesthesiologists comprehend anesthesiology as a profession, navigate interactions with colleagues and patients, and interpret emotional experiences in anesthesiology practice – all crucial elements in the formation of professional identity. The findings could be synthesized and further described by three conceptions: The Outcome-Driven Learner, the Emerging Collaborator, and the Self-Directed Caregiver.ConclusionThe study uncovers differing learner understandings in the development of anesthesiologists’ professional identity. Varying priorities, values, and role interpretations highlight the shortcomings of a generic, one-size-fits-all educational strategy. By acknowledging and integrating these nuanced learner perspectives, as elucidated in detail in this study, the future of anesthesia education can be improved. This will necessitate a holistic approach, intertwining both natural sciences and humanities studies, focus on tacit knowledge, and flexible teaching strategies, to guarantee thorough professional development, lifelong learning, and resilience.