Inclusive Education Learning Research Articles

Educational leadership for social transformation: An inclusive approach for schools as places of belonging

Education is the medium through which society can be transformed to ensure we live in a world free from discrimination and exclusion, where human beings coexist peacefully. One of UNESCO’s sustainable developmental goals is quality education that is inclusive and equitable. ‘Education for all’ and ‘places of belonging’ are therefore imperatives for educators if this goal is to be realised. This paper reports on selected educational leaders’ views on implementing inclusive approaches in teaching-learning activities. A qualitative approach was employed to collect data from 242 educational leaders from Caribbean Visionary Educators across 25 countries. Most respondents see inclusive education as beneficial. Others view it as a theoretical construct that increases workload. Lack of resources, infrastructure, administrative support and professional learning are viewed as barriers to inclusive education practices. There appears to be some incongruity between educators’ professional learning in inclusive education and their ability to implement inclusive education practices. Respondents revealed that despite receiving professional learning in inclusive education, their current level of training has inadequately prepared them to teach in an inclusive environment. Therefore, an inclusive approach requires educators to be prepared to teach all learners regardless of their challenges, and learners must become active participants in their schooling. The paper, therefore, concludes that it is necessary for leaders to operate in a transformative mode to promote inclusive education. This action should make schools become places of belonging that will benefit all learners.

Using hope theory to understand changes from professional learning in inclusive education

AbstractProfessional learning for quality teaching is a lifelong enterprise. Nevertheless, it entails a considerable cost with varying outcomes. Drawing on Snyder's hope theory and Pantic's teacher agency, this paper aims to present a model aimed at deepening our understanding of teachers' intentions and competencies in inclusive education. The model formulates a professional learning cycle tailored to address their unique needs. This study draws on data from a larger qualitative dominant mixed‐methods study exploring 18 teachers' professional learning experience with the inclusionEd online platform. The process involved a pre‐training online survey and interviews and employed multiple strategies for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for pre‐training survey data to assess teacher‐participants' attitudes towards inclusion and efficacy levels in this area. Subsequently, using Snyder's hope theory and Pantic's teacher agency, we deductively analysed interview data. The quantitative results showed that teacher‐participants had positive beliefs about inclusive education with high efficacy. However, qualitative data analysis uncovered a misalignment between their stated beliefs and enacted beliefs, revealing diverse pathways to both success and challenges in their implementation of inclusive practices. The qualitative analysis, combined with the preliminary survey findings, unveiled the fluidity of hope and identified the influences on shifting hope and maintaining a positive stance. We offer an illustration of teacher professional learning pathways. Understanding how these pathways might be used to increase the value and outcomes of professional learning programmes is discussed. This study concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.

The Role of Gamification in Teacher Training for Educational Inclusion

This research sought to evaluate the impact of a gamified resource program on inclusive education learning and the strengthening of inclusive skills in university students in the city of Machala, Ecuador; focusing on knowledge and understanding. The research has a quantitative approach, with a quasi-experimental design, used an Educational Inclusion questionnaire with multiple options which was based on a Likert scale, was used as a data collection instrument, with a representative sample of 60 students of the seventh semester of the Pedagogy of Experimental Sciences career. After the implementation of the learning sessions, a significant improvement was observed in the experimental group, evidenced by an increase in the "Achieved" category and a significant reduction in the "Start" category. Inferential analysis showed that the program had a significant impact compared to the control group, with a significance level of 0.001. In conclusion, the program proved to be an effective tool to strengthen the dimension of knowledge and understanding in university students, thus contributing to Sustainable Development Goal number 4 on quality education.

Inclusive Education Learning Process in Islamic Religious Education Subjects for Children with Special Needs

Inclusive education is a fundamental right that provides children with disabilities access to education alongside their peers. This study examines the implementation of inclusive learning within Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at the Creative Islamic Elementary School (SDIK) Makkah in Padang City. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation from school principals, PAI teachers, and special guidance teachers (GPK). The findings reveal that the lesson planning in PAI classes is inclusive, covering all students, including those with special needs (ABK), with additional objectives tailored by GPK according to ABK abilities. In the learning implementation phase, GPKs actively support ABK, prioritizing their participation. Evaluations are customized to ABK’s unique capabilities and learning characteristics, differing from standard assessments. Key supportive factors include knowledgeable principals, dedicated GPKs, and adequate infrastructure, while challenges arise from fluctuating ABK moods, teachers’ instructional dilemmas, and limited parental engagement due to busy schedules. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on inclusive education by providing insights into effective practices and obstacles, offering a valuable reference for future studies on inclusive learning in PAI subjects.

Making Computer Science Accessible through Universal Design for Learning in Inclusive Education

The field of technology and computer science (CS) is developing dynamically. Just as anyone can learn computers at any age, students with special educational needs (SEN) also aspire to acquire IT (information technology) knowledge on an equal footing with all other students. However, one of the obstacles facing students with SEN is the lack of educational materials and programs for CS in secondary schools. The authors have designed teaching materials and assignments that promote inclusion. This study aims to evaluate the impact of teaching resources developed based on universal design for learning (UDL) to make the school’s CS course accessible to all students. The experiment involved 16 students and five teachers. For 8 weeks, students studied computer science using training materials based on UDL. Assessment of knowledge outcome indicators, particularly programming skills, was conducted before and after the experiment. After studying computer science through specific tasks, the interviewees demonstrated a higher level of assimilation of the subject, as indicated by the subsequent test results (mean = 12.13, standard deviation = 1.20), compared to the pre-experimental test (mean = 8.94, standard deviation = 1.12). The study demonstrated that using special UDLbased tasks to teach CS makes it more accessible and has a positive impact on students with special educational needs.

Implementation of Universal Design For Learning In Inclusive Education : A Scoping Review In Asian Countries

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) derives from the Universal Design (UD) architecture, challenging traditional product adaptation by advocating for designs that consider every individual (King-Sears, 2009). The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) extended UD to learning environments, resulting in the development of UDL with three core principles outlined by CAST in 2020. These enduring principles emphasize multiple ways of engagement, various means of representation, and multiple means of action and expression, aligning with the brain's learning networks (CAST, 2021). UDL goals encompass inclusivity, equity, flexibility, and accessibility. Methods include diverse means of representation, engagement, and action and expression, utilizing accessible texts, multimodal resources, and technology tools. Assessment in UDL involves formative assessment, varied formats, clear criteria, and consideration of learning styles. Implemented in Asian countries, UDL positively impacts education, particularly for special needs students. Shifting from instructor-centered to student-centered approaches enhances student involvement, satisfaction, and self-efficacy. UDL empowers teachers to diversify methods, adapting to student abilities and improving learning quality. The effect of UDL on inclusive education is substantial, increasing accessibility, individualized paths, engagement, breaking barriers, empowering diverse learners, and enhancing academic performance. UDL's multifaceted approach ensures effective use of materials and activities by students with diverse needs. In conclusion, UDL is a robust framework fostering inclusive and effective learning environments. Its principles, methods, and materials contribute to overall inclusive educational success. Limitations, including educator training gaps, pose barriers to rigorous implementation. Scoping review data unveils UDL's multidimensional implementation in various Asian educational contexts, providing crucial insights into its regional applications and implications.

Collaboration in Education Services for Children with Special Needs Inclusive School

Based on the observations and explanations of special guidance teachers in schools, inclusive education providers that the form of collaboration between teachers and stakeholders is still diverse. In general, this study aims to find out and obtain information about the implementation of collaboration between teachers and stakeholders in education services for children with special needs in schools providing inclusive education in Sukabumi. This research is a quantitative research. Data collection techniques are carried out by distributing questionnaires and recording initial data in the form of records that are understood by researchers without reducing the actual data. The results of the study can be concluded that collaboration in several aspects is still lacking such as teacher collaboration with SLB, teacher collaboration with related experts, lack of teacher collaboration with resource centers, teachers are also still lacking collaboration in carrying out learning activities. Meanwhile, there are several aspects that have begun to develop well, including teacher collaboration with parents, as well as teacher collaboration with special guidance teachers in inclusive schools, although not yet dehydrated, maximum results are expected to be a reference in building good collaboration between teachers and related stakeholders in creating effective learning in inclusive education. This study illustrates that inclusive education in its implementation process requires support from teachers and related stakeholders in order to run optimally.

Inclusive Education and Digital Learning: From the NEP Perspective

One of the key objectives of the 2030 Sustainable development goals is to guarantee inclusive and equitable quality education for all people, regardless of their skills, qualities, and socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. The National Education Policy's (NEP 2020) introduction in this context paves the way for inclusive practises in mainstream education. In order to evaluate the success of integrating digital learning in inclusive education while looking at it from a NEP viewpoint, this research analyses secondary materials. From obtaining study materials to receiving comments and evaluations to accelerating the learning process, ICT may play a significant role in teaching and learning. By critically examining our New Education Policy and its effects, this article primarily focuses on how technology helps to make inclusive education more accessible and equal for everyone. The results of this study will serve as a foundation for future research, giving vital insights into how inclusive education is seen from a NEP perspective and how digital learning fits into it. Keywords: Inclusive education, Digital learning, NEP, ICT

Inclusive Education Learning Model for Students with Learning Difficulties

This study aims to obtain data about a learning model specifically designed for children who experience learning difficulties at Tanjung Jabung Timur Public Elementary School. The research was carried out using the Research and Development method with a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis (observation and documentary studies). The population is an elementary school providing inclusive education in East Tanjung Jabung with a sample size of 11 schools, the sampling technique used is random sampling. The research instrument used a questionnaire. The results are: 1) Not a single school uses a special learning model for children with learning difficulties, and 2) The learning model used still uses conventional learning models where children are treated the same as normal children (no learning difficulties).

Development of Inclusive Education Learning Design in the Era of Society 5.0

Era of Society 5.0 has had a significant impact on the implementation of education for students in Indonesia, which presents opportunities and challenges for educators in each education unit. One of the education units that feels this impact is inclusive education. Inclusive education learning designs in which there are special assistant teachers have a more dominant social constructivist tendency than those with regular education teachers. The development of the right inclusive education learning design will help children with special needs in achieving their optimal potential development according to their conditions and needs in the community. This study aims to propose inclusive education learning designs that are relevant to Era of Society 5.0 based on national education standards including standard processes, standards for educators, and standards for infrastructure. This study employs a descriptive qualitative study, and. the primary data collection instruments were in the form of observations and interviews, as well as documentation as a secondary data collection instrument. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique and they were from five inclusive schools in the province of South Kalimantan. The data analysis technique uses content analysis. The results of the study show that Era of Society 5.0 is in line with the development of inclusive education learning designs and is relevant to the Indonesian national education system which includes standard processes, standards for educators, and standards for infrastructure.

TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED ONLINE OPPORTUNITIES FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

The article deals with T the technologically enhanced online opportunities for language learning in inclusive education. The author supposes theoretical background of the issue to be processes of globalization and digitalization, and as the result - learners need to be additionally aware of human rights and to act as cultural agents, contributing to a more peaceful and tolerant cultural existence. 
 The author stresses, that overall objectives of global education overlap with the goals of an inclusive and diverse education: being a global citizen means being an advocate of tolerating the individuality of people on different dimensions of cultural exchange. This joined perspective on sameness and difference is crucial to understand the necessity of inclusion and by following the objectives of global education, the EFL classroom can provide learners with the mindset and attitudes to achieve this view on a changing world. He also gives the description of online course, consisting of 6 compulsory modules. The module structure pattern (goals, theoretical background, practice, EFL application, reflection) is given. It is stated, that other teaching resources such a sample units of secondary school materials or teacher guidelines have also been elaborated.

The Development of Model Design Inclusive Education Learning

The learning of inclusive education will run in accordance with the national education goals, characteristics, and culture of the Indonesian social system when applied in a clear and measured model of inclusive education learning. However, the learning process of inclusive education in Indonesia does not mean there are no challenges and failures, and so far, there has not been a model based on local wisdom. Therefore, the development of inclusive learning design models based on local wisdom becomes more important. This research aims to produce a product development model of inclusive education learning design based on local wisdom. This model was developed using a combination of the Borg & Gall model that accommodates the local wisdom of inclusive education. Local wisdom in inclusive education is reflected in three characters, namely: respect for diversity, cooperation, and a sense of brotherhood. This research was conducted in 100 schools that provide inclusive education. The result is that the design of inclusive education learning must follow components such as: the process of identification and assessment of special needs, the curriculum is developed with a modification model, the availability of human resources (GPK), and assessment of learning processes for special needs students is arranged and adapted to the conditions/characteristics of students and system culture Indonesian social society. The implications of the findings above schools need to prepare human resources, infrastructure, funding allocation, and regulations set by schools in the implementation of inclusive education.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Inklusif di SD Pelita Bangsa Global Islamic School (GIS) Tangerang Selatan

In this study the researchers attempted to investigate, find, describe, and explain how SD Pelita Bangsa Global Islamic School (GIS) implements inclusive education learning properly so that the school's existence is still good until now, even more than 2 prospective students with special needs per year who list and want to go to school at the school and the majority of all students with special needs are complete until grade 6. The research uses descriptive research with the data analysis technique model of Miles and Huberman, namely the analysis consists of three flow activities that occur simultaneously, namely: data reduction, data presentation, withdrawal . The results of this study indicate that SD Pelita Bangsa GIS has attempted to plan lessons, especially in Arabic language subjects that are appropriate for students with special needs as described in the General Guidelines for the Implementation of Inclusive Education by the Directorate of PPK-LK Basic Education, Ministry of Education and Culture in 2014 Then, the implementation of inclusive learning, especially in Arabic subjects at SD Pelita Bangsa GIS, has been done well. And lastly, SD Pelita Bangsa GIS has carried out relevant assessments and reports of what schools implementing inclusive programs should do.

장애학생 통합교육을 위한 중학교 미술 교사의 보편적 학습설계에 대한 중요도와 실행도 분석

연구목적: 이 연구는 성공적인 통합교육을 위한 교육적 접근 방법인 보편적 학습설계(Universal Design for Learning: UDL)에 대해 중학교 미술 교사가 그 중요도와 실행도를 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 분석하고, 이에 근거하여 미술 교과에서 UDL을 구현하기 위한 지원 및 후속 연구의 방향성을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 부산광역시 특수학급 설치 중학교에 재직 중인 미술 교사 115명에게 설문지를 배부하였고, 최종적으로 장애학생 지도 경험이 있는 미술 교사 75명이 응답한 설문지 75부를 분석하였다. 연구결과: 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학교 미술 교사의 배경변인에 따른 UDL 중요도 인식은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 중학교 미술 교사의 배경변인에 따른 UDL 실행도 인식 또한 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 셋째, UDL 실행도는 UDL 중요도보다 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UDL의 중요도와 실행도 인식은 정적인 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 미술 수업에서의 UDL 적용 필요성을 높게 인식하는 교사일수록 UDL을 실천하는 수준이 높을 개연성을 드러내는 것이다. 결론: 이상의 연구 결과를 토대로 현직교사 대상 특수교육 및 UDL 관련 양질의 연수 기회 확대, 예비교사 양성과정에서의 UDL 관련 교육, UDL이 적용된 미술과 교육과정과 교과 자료 개발 및 보급, 미술 교사와 특수교사의 협력체제 구축 등 향후 통합교육 환경 미술 수업에서 UDL을 구현하기 위한 지원 및 후속 연구의 방향성을 제시하였다.

The development of inclusive education management model: Practical guidelines for learning in inclusive school

This research aimed to explore the current conditions, problems, and needs in the implementation of inclusive education, to examine the best model of the implementation of inclusive education and to investigate the effectiveness of the inclusive education model. This research was mixed method researchs which was conducted in three stages. Stage one was exploring the current conditions, problems, and the needs on inclusive education implementation. Stage two was formulating an inclusive education learning model and stage three was determining the efficiency of the inclusive education model. Findings reveal that students and learning are the biggest obstacle in implementing inclusive education, while management, students, and learning are the most important factors to be considered in implementing inclusive education model. Based on the findings, the whole school inclusive education model was developed which consisted of three stages namely input, process, and output. It was suggested that during the implementation of this model collaboration should be emphasized.

Student teachers’ attitudes towards cooperative learning in inclusive education

Past research points to cooperative learning as a potentially effective means of fostering the academic and social development of students in inclusive education. This study examined the attitudes of student teachers towards the use of cooperative learning in inclusive education as well as correlating variables. In addition, potential differences between future teachers’ attitudes towards the use of cooperative learning methods in inclusive classrooms were investigated according to the teaching programme they were enrolled in and the students’ type of impairment. In two consecutive studies, we collected data from a total of 544 student teachers. Analyses revealed relationships between student teachers’ knowledge, self-efficacy, attitudes, and subjective norms regarding the use of cooperative learning in inclusive education. Results also showed differences in attitudes towards the use of cooperative learning in inclusive education depending on the students’ type of impairment, with the least positive attitudes held towards students with impaired social-emotional development.

Mapping Schools’ Strength in Inclusive Education Learning for Building Language Competence in Wetland Ecological Awareness

This research aims at mapping schools’ strength in facilitating the inclusive education learning towards for building language competence in wetland ecological awareness. It is descriptive in qualitative approach. The respondent is teachers in three schools, namely state junior high school 13, 15, and 21 in Banjarmasin. The instrument used is questionaire and interview. The results state that there has been positive teachers’ perception about inclusive education dealing the adaptation of the curriculum and/or individual learning plans, teaching and learning materials for learners with special needs, communication skill in accordance with the characteristics of children with special needs, and the minimum completeness criteria for children with special needs that are in accordance with their abilities and needs. There is also positive perception about Banjarmasin as the peat area, loving the river as the manifestation of taking care of the river, and the ecological education to maintain and keep Banjarmasin as a city of a thousand rivers inserted in certain subject. However, in practice, all teachers do the task based on limited knowledge and experience. Strengthening language competence so that the teacher can interact wih the learners for special needs inspite of limited knowledge and experience should be conducted.

Saradničko učenje u kontekstu inkluzivnog obrazovanja

The paper focuses on the application of collaborative learning in the context of inclusive education. The first part of the paper highlights the theoretical foundations of collaborative learning, a concept that emerged from the constructivist paradigm and interactive teaching. The authors emphasize the importance of social interactions and cooperation for children with developmental difficulties, as well as their adequate placement in the full-time teaching process. An overview of the research findings on the effects of implementing collaborative learning in the context of inclusive education is also provided. The effects of the implementation of this teaching strategy are discussed from the perspective of teachers and the role they play in fostering collaboration among students. The research findings on the application of collaborative learning confirm its positive effects on an overall achievement and social development of both children with developmental difficulties and their peers. The application of collaborative learning in inclusive teaching is a great resource for discovering the preserved potentials of children with developmental difficulties and their development as a whole. The problems that teachers face while implementing collaborative learning in inclusive education are discussed as well. These problems relate to the need for a continued commitment of teachers to adequately plan, monitor and evaluate the effects of applying this approach on students and their relationships. The key pedagogical implications for the implementation of collaborative learning are given in relation to teachers' work, school organization and the education system as a whole.

Social Inequalities as Determinantof Variations in Parental Expectation for Involvement in Education of Learners with Special Needs (SENs) in Nigeria

Although parent’s involvement is growing in popularity all over the world, little systematic research has focused on parents’ expectation for involvement in education of learners with special educational needs (SENs) in inclusive education. Grounded in the parental involvement literature, and using the Ecological and Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model (1995) as theoretical and conceptual frameworks, this study investigate why there were considerable variations in parents’ expectations for involvement in education of learners with (SENs) in Nigeria. The investigation is based on this research question: Do family structural characteristics, such as gender, marital status and education have significant influence on parental expectations for involvement in inclusive education in Nigeria? Employing a quantitative research method, this study gathered data from 372 parents of learners with SENs in 10 regular primary schools in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and used a survey instrumenton Parental Involvement in Inclusive Education (PII) for data collection. The study found that socio-cultural and economic values attached to marital status, education and gender, influenced the expectation for involvement among parents of learners with SENs in Nigeria. Finally the study recommended that government and educational administrators should embrace actions and programmes that promote parental expectations for involvement by establishing parents’ support groups, where parents of learners with SENs can share their knowledge and work together in order to promote their children’s learning in inclusive education.

Inclusive Education in Nigeria—A Myth or Reality?

As democracy entails freedom of association, so should it be for inclusive education in Nigeria. This paper therefore jettisoned the current practice of segregational effort on special education for the challenged and thereby recommended total inclusive education as a better practice for Nigeria classrooms. Practically, it recommended a policy twist in favour of inclusive education as part of the National Policy on Education as well as adequate retraining of teachers in inclusive education pedagogies and provision of abundant resources to support inclusive education learning.