Leaf Powder Research Articles

Nutritional composition, protein digestibility and consumer acceptability of sorghum‐based mahewu enriched with Moringa oleifera leaf powder

SummaryIn this study, the effect of different levels (1%–5%) of whole and defatted Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on the nutritional composition, physicochemical properties, protein digestibility and consumer acceptability of sorghum mahewu was investigated. The MOLP was boiled and added to the fermented sorghum mahewu. The results demonstrated that sorghum mahewu enriched with whole and defatted MOLP had higher amounts (P < 0.05) of protein, ash and fibre content compared to the control sample. Moreover, minerals, amino acid contents and protein digestibility of the enriched sorghum mahewu samples were significantly improved compared to the control sample. The pH decreased with an increasing proportion of MOLP ranging from 4.36 to 4.09 (mahewu enriched with whole MOLP) and from 4.36 to 4.17 (mahewu enriched with defatted MOLP). Sorghum mahewu samples enriched with whole and defatted MOLP had higher contents of total titratable acid compared to the control sample, while the total soluble solids and viscosity decreased. In terms of colour profile, the b*, and chroma values of sorghum mahewu increased with an increasing percentage of whole and defatted MOLP while L* and a* values decreased. Regarding overall liking, sorghum mahewu enriched with 1% whole and defatted MOLP did not differ (P > 0.05) from the control sample. Therefore, sorghum mahewu must be enriched with low percentages of MOLP to improve its acceptance among consumers. These findings suggest that incorporating medicinal plants such as boiled MOLP to basic foods produced from sorghum flour could improve their nutritional profile and protein digestibility.

Combined effects of the assassin bug alloeocranum biannulipes mont. And sign. (hemiptera: reduviidae) and botanical powders in the control of the stored yam chips beetle, dinoderus porcellus lesne (coleoptera : bostrichidae)

Background Dinoderus porcellus Lesne (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is the main pest of stored dried yam chips that causes significant losses in a few months. The assassin bug, Alloeocranum biannulipes (Montrouzier & Signoret) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) and the Khaya senegalensis (Desv.) A. Juss. (Meliaceae), Blighia sapida K. Koenig (Sapindaceae) and Bridelia ferruginea Benth. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf powders have proven to be efficient in the control of this pest. Methods This study aims to evaluate the compatibility of the leaf powders of these medicinal plants and the predator A. biannulipes in the integrated management of D. porcellus under laboratory and farm conditions. Various leaf powders were tested at a concentration of 6% (w/w) with or without the predator. Yam chips mixed with leaf powder from each species served as negative and those mixed with a synthetic insecticide as positive controls. Results The results revealed that no combination of leaf powders and predators could induce complete mortality of D. porcellus like the synthetic insecticide. No significant difference in terms of the survival of A. biannulipes exposed to botanical powders was observed compared to the positive control. Under farm conditions, B. ferruginea leaf powder showed a sub-lethal effect on the predator A. biannulipes and no impact on the abundance of D. porcellus. However, the survival of D. porcellus was significantly reduced by the combination of K. senegalensis leaf powder and A. biannulipes, which did not allow the reproduction of the predator. Conclusions We recommend the combination of K. senegalensis leaf powder and A. biannulipes for the short-term conservation of yam chips as part of an augmentative biological control program. For long-term conservation, we suggest the use of a combination of B. sapida leaf powder with the predator A. biannulipes because it presented a reduced population of D. porcellus after 8 weeks of storage and offspring of A. biannulipes.

Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Seed Powder on the Quality and Viability of Probiotic Fermented Milk

Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf and Seed Powder on the Quality and Viability of Probiotic Fermented Milk

Anticoagulation activity of sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose/Azadirachta indica leaf powder-based bio-composite.

Polymeric bio-composites synthesized via a green approach using natural herbs have fascinating anticoagulant activity due to their eco-friendly and non-toxic behavior towards various physical and chemical actions. Herein, we introduce a simple and eco-friendly approach for the fabrication of a new hybrid type of bio-composite based on sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (S-CMC) and Azadirachta indica leaf powder (S-CMC/NLP). First, a non-toxic sulfating agent called N(SO3Na)3 was used to modify carboxymethyl cellulose into S-CMC. With an ion exchange capacity of 0.25 meq. g-1, the level of sulfation (%) of S-CMC (modified polysaccharide) was measured to be 12.01%. Three types of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites were developed by varying the concentration of NLP. FE-SEM, EDX, and XRD were used to characterize the structural features of S-CMC/NLP bio-composites. FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite possesses COO-, -OH and SO3- groups, suggesting the structural similarity to heparin. In addition, the anticoagulant effect of the S-CMC/NLP bio-composite was investigated using PT and APTT assays. The APTT investigation confirmed that following the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation system, 2-NLP/S-CMC bio-composite dose-dependently (0.045-0.28 mg mL-1) prolonged the time of blood coagulation compared to control (pure plasma). The S-CMC/NLP bio-composite showed its potential as a new, safe, and effective candidate for anticoagulant activity.

Optimization strategies for mulberry leaf powder supplementation in Zhedong White Geese diets: an analysis of growth performance and meat quality

Optimization strategies for mulberry leaf powder supplementation in Zhedong White Geese diets: an analysis of growth performance and meat quality

Effect of supplementing Bael (Aegle marmelos) leaf powder on the growth, nutrient utilization, carcass quality, and blood parameters of broiler chickens

Effect of supplementing Bael (Aegle marmelos) leaf powder on the growth, nutrient utilization, carcass quality, and blood parameters of broiler chickens

Enhancing environmental sustainability: Butea monosperma leaves as a key component in WO3-based composites for water purification and therapeutic applications.

In this research, a novel nano-biocomposite material, namely, tungsten trioxide-Butea monosperma leaf powder (WO3@BLP), is an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent used for the mitigation of congo red (CR) and crystal violet (CV) dyes from its aqueous phase. The as-prepared WO3@BLP was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DLS analysis, and TGA. Many factors such as solution pH, WO3@BLP dose, temperature, contact time, and initial CR/CV dye concentrations were exploited to monitor the adsorption efficiency of WO3@BLP composites. The biosorption of both CR and CV dyes followed the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) reaching 84.91 mg g-1 for CR at pH 2.3 and 162.75 mg g-1 for CV at pH 8, fitting of kinetics data to the PSO model with closed values of qeexp (mg g-1) and qecal (mg g-1), i.e., 25.69 to 25.38 mg g-1 for CR dye and 29.06 to 29.08 mg g-1 for CV dye. The interaction mechanism behind the adsorption of CR and CV dyes onto the WO3@BLP bionanocomposite includes electrostatic interaction and surface complexation. The synthesized materials were tested for antifungal activity against three different Candida cells, i.e., C. albicans ATCC 90028, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750, by using broth dilution method on the minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC). Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of nano-formulated WO3@BLP was studied by in vitro hemolytic assay on a human host. Overall, this research presents a pioneering nano-biocomposite, WO3@BLP, as a sustainable adsorbent for CR and CV dye removal, adhering to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Its multifaceted approach includes elucidating interaction mechanisms, demonstrating antifungal activity, and assessing cytotoxicity, marking a significant advancement in environmental remediation.

Cordyline fruticosa leaf powder supplemented in the diet of weaned pigs: effect on growth performance, heamatological and serum biochemical indices

In Sumitra Research Institute, Gujarat, a total of 50 cross-bred male piglets (Yorkshire × Landrace) with an initial body weight of 9.77 ± 0.06 kg weaned at 28 days were randomly distributed 5 treatments of 10 replicates containing 1 animal each in 60 days’ trial. According to the Nutritional Research Council’s recommendation in 2012, a basal diet was adequate in all nutrients. Pigs in treatment 1 were fed a basal diet without C. fruticosa leaf powder while treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5 were fed the same diet supplemented with C. fruticosa leaf powder at 20 g, 40 g, 60 g, and 80 g respectively. Animals were given unrestricted access to fresh clean water and a completely randomized design was adopted. The experimental result showed that average daily weight gains and average daily feed intake which took the form of 0.29-0.46 kg and 0.68-0.77 kg were higher in the C. fruticosa leaf powder-supplemented group relative to the control (p < 0.05). The treatments significantly influenced the best feed conversion ratio and mortality rate from 1.73-2.34 to 1.0-3.0% (p < 0.05). Haemoglobin, red blood cell, pack cell volume, total platelet count, mean platelet volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell, lymphocytes, and monocytes count follow a similar trend as values were greater in treatment 3, 4 and 5, an intermediary in treatment 2 and lower in treatment 1 (p < 0.05). The treatment significantly influenced total protein, glucose, cholesterol, Calcium, and Phosphorus values (p < 0.05). In contrast, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, sodium, chloride, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase values were similar among the treatments (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Cordyline fruticosa leaf powder can be supplemented in the diet of weaned pigs without causing any negative effect on the growth and health status of weaned pigs.

MnO2 decoration onto the guava leaves: A sustainable and cost-effective material for methylene blue dye removal

Excessive number of dyes in water is becoming the main cause of water pollution, which is very important to remove because it is harmful. Dye contaminated water is being treated by various methods. Adsorption method can be considered best for the study of dye removal due to several technological reasons. The adsorption method has also been emphasized in this study. In the present work, a nano-bio-composite was fabricated by growing manganese oxide nanoparticles on abundant cellulosic guava leaf powder. This allows nanocomposite to be prepared in large quantities at nominal cost. The characterization technique confirmed the irregular growth of manganese oxide nanoparticles onto the guava leaf powder. The electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions was confirmed in between manganese oxide nanoparticles and the carbon structure of guava leaf powder. The massive functional groups were found to be in the prepared nano-bio-composite. The grain size of prepared material was in nano range. The developed nano-bio-composite was used to remove methylene blue from water. This showed a very good adsorptive capacity for methylene blue. The analyzed adsorption data was modelled through isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics models. The nature of the adsorption process was determined to be spontaneous and exothermic. The reusability test was carried out for five adsorption-desorption cycles. The reusability results suggested the better removal efficiency (%) in the first two cycles with only 20 % reduction in removal efficiency (%). The leaching test result revealed the good stability of MnO2/GL at neutral pH. It was a unique and cheap adsorbent of its kind, which had not been noticed anywhere before.

EVALUATION OF CERTAIN BOTANICALS AGAINST PULSE BEETLE, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) ON DIFFERENT PULSES

Pulses are regarded as the second most significant crop category globally and in many underdeveloped nations, they represent a major source of plant protein. Pulses can be used as a meat substitute that suffer losses from insect pests in both field and storage conditions. Among other pests, the pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L., causes significant losses when stored. In this instance, the efficacy against Callosobruchus chinensis L. was assessed using five readily available natural ingredients found locally: Neem, Mint, Garlic and Onion in powder form and in different doses (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%). On five distinct pulse seeds—Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Kidneybean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Soyabean (Glycine max) and Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). The results revealed that the lowest weight loss was recorded from the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in Chickpea, Kidneybean, Lentil, Soyabean and Pigeonpea i.e.1.34%, 2.36%, 2.55%, 2.89% and 2.93%, respectively. Maximum was found in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Also, adult emergence was recorded minimum in seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) in all pulses i.e. 26.22 % in Chickpea, 23.42% in Kidneybean, 19.24% in Lentil, 17.12% in Soyabean and 19.51% in Pigeonpea and maximum was recorded in seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%). Whereas, adult mortality was observed highest in the seeds treated with Neem leaf powder (0.4%) which was 81.23% in Chickpea, 77.24% in Kidneybean, 75.24% in Lentil, 71.23% in Soyabean and 68.34% in Pigeonpea while lowest was observed in the seeds treated with Onion leaf powder (0.1%).

Effects of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) powder on liver enzymes, lipid profiles and carcass traits of finisher broiler chickens

Thirty-two (32) three-week old Anak Acre unsexed broiler chicks were used to evaluate the effects of bitter leaf powder (BLP) on liver enzymes, lipid profile and carcass characteristics. The birds were acclimatized for one week and thereafter allocated to 4 treatments: T1 (Control), T2 (2.5g BLP/bird), T3 (5g BLP/bird), and T4 (7.5g BLP/bird) in a completely randomized design and each treatment was replicated twice, with each replicate containing 4 birds. The birds received BLP through drinking water (2ml drench) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, data obtained from serum parameters and carcass traits were subjected to analysis of variance and significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Results showed that BLP supplements had no significant effect (P>0.05) on liver enzyme markers and lipid profiles. The group treated with BLP at 2.5 g/bird had lowest ALP and ALT liver enzymes and lowest lipid and highest good cholesterol (HDL). The carcass characteristics showed that T3 differed (P<0.05) from other groups in live, slaughter, plucked, eviscerated and dressed weights and body parts including the thigh, breast, neck and the shank weights. The drumstick, back and the gizzard weights did not differ significantly (P>0.05) across the groups. The control group outperformed (P <0.05) other groups in intestinal and liver weights whereas the abdominal fat was numerically (P>0.05) highest in the group treated with 2.5 g/bird. It can therefore be concluded that liver enzyme markers and lipid profile of broiler chickens were at their best in broilers treated with BLP at 2.5 g/bird while the carcass characteristics showed superiority in broilers treated with BLP at 5 g/bird.

Carcass Characteristics, Meat Antioxidative State, and Gut Microbiota of Broilers Fed With a Mixture of Bitter Melon and Basil Leaves Powder

The impact of a mixture of bitter melon leaf and basil leaf powder (BBLPB) on the carcass characteristics, meat antioxidant state, and gut microbiota of broilers was investigated. Three hundred one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were allocated to five diets: diet 1 (negative control), diet 2 (positive control; 0.1% blend of probiotic, prebiotic, and acidifier (BPPA) supplementation), diets 3 (0.25% BBLPB), 4 (0.5% BBLPB), and 5 (0.75% BBLPB) randomly. The 0.25% BBLPB supplementation improved (P < 0.05) slaughtered weight, dressed weight, dressing %, and growth rate of broilers, while organ weights remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Slaughtered weight recorded in diets 2 and 3 was higher (P

Effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf powder on the gelatinization, rheology, and gel properties of sweet potato starch

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of employing Eucommia ulmoides leaf powder (ELP), which is a novel medicinal and food homologous material, to improve the physicochemical properties of sweet potato starch (SPS) gel. The effects of ELP on the gelatinization, rheology, and gel properties of SPS were investigated. The Brabander viscosity test results showed that ELP could reduce the peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and setback value of SPS. The rheological tests showed that the SPS-ELP gels had shear-thinning behavior, and that the ELP could decrease the apparent viscosity, shear stress, G′, G″ of SPS-ELP gels and make the gels exhibit stronger liquid-like behavior. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the ELP could decrease the relative crystallinity and retard retrogradation of SPS-ELP gels, which was cofirmed by microscopic structure analysis. The ELP had a significant effect on the color difference of the gels, resulting in a yellow-green color. The addition of ELP also reduced the hardness of SPS-ELP gels, and increased the median particle size D50, volume mean diameter D [4,3], and area mean diameter D [3,2] of gel particle size distribution. These findings suggest that ELP has a good potential in improving starch gel properties.

Mulberry Leaf Powder as Protein Alternative for Poultry: A Review

Mulberry Leaf Powder as Protein Alternative for Poultry: A Review

Anti-obesity Effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf Powder Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats

Anti-obesity Effect of Ocimum gratissimum leaf Powder Supplementation on High Fat Diet-induced Obesity in Male Wistar Rats

Effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Effects of mulberry leaf powder water extract supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant, meat quality and intestinal microbiota of yellow feather broilers

Effects of Moringa Leaf and Fruit Powder Supplementation on Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance in Kacang Goats

Effects of Moringa Leaf and Fruit Powder Supplementation on Hematological Parameters and Growth Performance in Kacang Goats

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Tejpatta (Cinnamomum tamala) Leaf Powder as Feed Additive on Growth Performance and Haemato-biochemical Parameters of Broilers

Background: Tejpatta leaves are well known for their use as spice in food for taste and aromatic purposes. It is mainly used for flavoring food and widely used in pharmaceutical preparation because of its hypoglycemic, stimulant, carminative, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-ulcer and antimicrobial properties. Keeping the aforementioned properties in view, the present study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Tejpatta leaf powder on growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters of broilers for boosting poultry industry production. Methods: Two hundred and twenty five day-old chicks were randomly assigned into five dietary treatment groups (T1-T5) using CRD, each consisting of 45 chicks with roughly equal average body weights. Each group of 45 chicks was subdivided into three replicates (R1, R2 and R3) having 15 chicks per replicate. The T1 group fed basal diet only, while T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups were fed Tejpatta leaf powder @ 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25% and 1.75%, respectively, along with basal diet. Result: Significant (P less than 0.01) effect on growth characteristics was noticed in broiler chicks due to dietary supplementation of Tejpatta leaf powder. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher body weight, weekly body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and performance index was noticed in T4 group and lowest was observed in T1 group. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher feed intake was observed in T5 group and lowest was in T1 group. Lowest feed conversion ratio was observed in T4 group and highest in T1 group. Non-significant effect on hemoglobin, packed cell volume, red blood corpuscle count, serum glucose, total protein and cholesterol and creatinine levels was observed in various treatment groups. It was concluded that supplementing broiler diet with Tejpatta leaf powder @ 1.25% could be beneficial for improving broiler chick growth performance and hemato-biochemical parameters while having no adverse effects on broiler chicks.

Insecticidal activity of Aguaria salicifolia leaf extracts on cowpea bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

The protection of foodstuffs against insect pests constitutes a serious problem across the world. Synthetic chemical insecticides are the most widely used method for grain protection. Unfortunately, the harmful effects of these insecticides on human health and environment have increased the interest of researchers for botanical insecticides which are recognized as eco-friendly products. Therefore, the efficacy of Aguaria salicifolia Hook. f. ex Oliv. leaf extracts was tested against Callosobruchus maculatus F. on cowpea grain, at the dosage of 2, 4, 8 and 16 g/kg. To estimate the biological activity of leaf powder and aqueous extract, adult mortality, insect population growth reduction, grain damage and weight loss reduction tests were carried out. The repellency effect of A. salicifolia was assessed using the aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts. The mortality was recorded at 1, 3, 5 and 6 days post-exposure. All treatments were submitted to four replications, and the experiment was carried out in a completely randomised design in the fluctuating laboratory conditions (Temp. = 23.71 ± 1.03 °C; RH. = 81.38 ± 2.03 %). Overall, all the extracts significantly exhibited insecticidal activities against cowpea bruchids. The highest dosage induced the highest mortality rates; 79.26 % and 84.08 % with aqueous extract and leaf powder, respectively. The different plant extracts considerably reduced insect population, grain damage and weight loss. The complete reduction of C. maculatus population was achieved by aqueous extract of A. salicifolia. The different solvent extracts had repellent property with repellency percentage values ranging from 30 % to 73.75 %. Considering these results, insecticidal products derived from A. salicifolia could constitute an alternative to the chemical synthetic insecticides used against C. maculatus. However, further studies are needed to be carried out concerning the mammalian toxicity and evaluation of suitable formulations of the extracts under field conditions before their promotion for grain protection.

Characterization of phosphate modified red mud-based composite materials and study on heavy metal adsorption.

In this paper, Bayer red mud (RM) and lotus leaf powder (LL) were used as the main materials, and KH2PO4 was added to modify the material. Under the condition of high-temperature carbonization, RMLL was prepared and phosphate modified red mud matrix composite (PRMLL) was prepared based on KH2PO4 modification, which can effectively remove Pb2+ from water. The optimum preparation and application conditions were determined through orthogonal experiment: dosage 0.1g, ratio 1:1, and temperature 600 °C. The effects of pH, dosage, and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb2+ were studied. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, Timkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal adsorption models were used to fit the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with Langmuir model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of RMLL and PRMLL was 188.1 mg/g and 213.4 mg/g, respectively. It is larger than the adsorption capacity of their monomers. Therefore, the use of RMLL and PRMLL as the removal of Pb2+ from water is a potential application material.