Azadirachta Indica Leaf Extract Research Articles

Efficacy of Green Silver Nanoparticles (GAbNPs) against Multidrug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from Mastitis-infected Cows

Background: Antimicrobial resistance being the major emerging problem for management of mastitis in cow hence, the research work was undertaken in a geographical area around Shirwal town in Satara district of Western Maharashtra, India to investigate the occurrence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) isolated from mastitic cow milk samples. Further assessment was carried out for antimicrobial efficacy of formulation of Green Silver Nanoparticles (GAgNPs) synthesized from Azadirechta indica against MDRSA of mastitis origin. Methods: A total of 250 milk samples from cows suspected of mastitis were screened by the California Mastitis Test (CMT). The CMT-positive samples were subjected to bacteriological investigation for the presence of S. aureus as an etiological agent. The isolates identified as S. aureus were further authenticated by the molecular method targeting 16s-rRNA and nuc gene. All isolates of S. aureus were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test. The randomly selected MDRSA isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing with GAgNPs formulation were prepared from silver nitrate by reducing with Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Result: Out of 250 cow milk samples suspected for having mastitis were screened with CMT, 170 tested positive. From these milk samples 145 isolates of S. aureus were isolated and bacteriologically identified. When processed for antibiotic sensitivity 60 were detected having multidrug resistance. Maximum resistance was shown against beta-lactam antibiotics. GAgNP synthesized and characterized with visual appearance, spectroscopy and TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) and tested for in vitro antimicrobial efficacy against MDRSA showed significant antimicrobial property.

Insights into Nimbolide molecular crosstalk and its anticancer properties.

Nimbolide, one of the main ingredients constituent of Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract, has garnered attention for its potential as an anticancer agent. Its efficacy against various cancers and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated through numerous in vivo and in vitro studies. This updated review aims to comprehensively explore the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of nimbolide, emphasizing its molecular mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications in oncology. The review synthesizes evidence from various studies that examine nimbolide's roles in apoptosis induction, anti-proliferation, cell death, metastasis inhibition, angiogenesis suppression, and modulation of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Nimbolide exhibits multifaceted anticancer activities, including the modulation of multiple cell signaling pathways related to inflammation, invasion, survival, growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its pharmacological development is still in the early stages, mainly due to limited pharmacokinetic and comprehensive long-term toxicological studies. Nimbolide shows promising anticancer and chemopreventive properties, but there is need for systematic preclinical pharmacokinetic and toxicological research. Such studies are essential for establishing safe dosage ranges for first-in-human clinical trials and further advancing nimbolide's development as a therapeutic agent against various cancers. The review highlights the potential of nimbolide in cancer treatment and underscores the importance of rigorous preclinical evaluation to realize its full therapeutic potential.

Azadirachta indica leaf extract based green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles coated on spent tea waste activated carbon for pharmaceuticals and personal care products removal

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are emerging contaminants in aqueous systems, posing threat to both human health and environment. In prior research, predominant focus has been on examining various adsorbents for removing PPCPs from single-pollutant systems. However, no study has delved into simultaneous adsorption of PPCPs multi-pollutant mixture. This study evaluates performance of Azadirachta indica leaf extract-based green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles coated on spent tea waste activated carbon (ZTAC) for removing sulfadiazine (SZN) and acetaminophen (ACN). Adsorption investigations were conducted in single-component (ACN/SZN) and binary-component (ACN + SZN) systems. The synthesized ZTAC was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, EDX, porosimetry and pHpzc analysis. The study examines impact of time (1–60 min), dose (0.2–4 g/L), pH (2–12) and PPCPs concentration (1–100 mg/L) on ACN and SZN removal. Various kinetic and isotherm models were employed to elucidate mechanisms involved in sorption of PPCPs. Furthermore, synergistic and antagonistic aspects of sorption process in multi-component system were investigated. ZTAC, characterized by its crystalline nature and surface area of 980.85 m2/g, exhibited maximum adsorption capacity of 47.39 mg/g for ACN and 34.01 mg/g for SZN under optimal conditions of 15 min, 3 g/L and pH 7. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model best-fitted the experimental data indicating chemisorption mechanism. Removal of ACN and SZN on ZTAC demonstrated synergistic nature, signifying cooperative adsorption. Overall, valorization of ZTAC offers effective and efficient adsorbent for elimination of PPCPs from wastewater.

Biofabrication, Characterisation and Antimicrobial Activity of CuO/Ag-based Material

In this work, Azadirachta indica leaf extract and the ultrasonic method were applied for the fabrication of a CuO/Ag-based nanocomposite. The CuO/Ag was characterised using different analytical methods such as FTIR, SEM, EDX, and XRD. The well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of non-calcined and calcined CuO/Ag against some hazardous bacterial strains. After the incubation period, remarkable zones of inhibition were observed around the loaded CuO/Ag. The maximum zones of inhibition were found to be 17.9 (± 0.39), 20 (± 0.17), and 14.3 (± 0.31) mm for E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enterica, respectively. Experimental findings indicated that non-calcined CuO/Ag was a more effective antibacterial agent as compared to calcined CuO/Ag.

Effect of Shape and Size on Synthesized Triple (Co/Ni/Zn)-Doped α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles on their Photocatalytic and Scavenging Properties

Co/Ni/Zn triple doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/Azadirachta indica (A. Indica) leaf extract coating. XRD, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, VSM were used to characterize the synthesized NPs. XRD pattern revealed that the crystallite size of NPs ranges from 14[Formula: see text]nm to 21[Formula: see text]nm. Spherical NPs were found by SEM/TEM examination ranging from 16[Formula: see text]nm to 26[Formula: see text]nm of doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs. Analysis of the magnetic properties of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs revealed antiferromagnetic characteristics, convergence between magnetization curves (MS), and switching field distribution dM/dh below an irreversible temperature of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]K. Produced catalyst was used for the degradation of anionic azo dye Malachite green (MG) and Rhodamine blue (RhB) dyes under the influence of UV radiation. RhB and MG were reduced as a result of the doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 catalyzing the conversion of dissolved O2 to hydroxyl radicals (OH) when exposed to visible light. This shows that the main active radical specifically engaged in the photo-catalytic breakdown of dyes is OH. The most effective photo-catalyst was determined by investigating the proposed doped [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs reusability over three cycles. The catalyst was retrieved and utilized three times after the reaction without suffering a substantial loss of catalytic activity. The plant-mediated [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 NPs have significant antioxidant activity due to their higher phenolic content. These have a promising future with potential applications in health, aging, food preservation, cosmetics, agriculture and environmental protection.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their antibacterial activity

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum tenuiflorum and Azadirachta indica leaf extract and their antibacterial activity

Pharmacological Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles of Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Application for its Antibacterial Properties

ABSTRACT Nanoparticles prepared from bio-reduction agents are of keen interest to researchers around the globe due to their ability to mitigate the harmful effects of chemicals. In this regard, the present study aims to synthesize copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). CuNPs show a characteristic absorption peak at 347 nm, while SEM reveals the spherical but agglomerated shape of CuNPs of the size within the range of 51.26–56.66 nm. The crystallite size measured by using XRD was found to be within a range of 23.38–46.64 nm for ginger-doped CuO and 26–56 nm for garlic-doped CuO. The X-ray diffraction analysis shows the crystalline structure of copper nanoparticles with prominent peaks. Bragg’s reflection of copper nanoparticles shows diffraction peaks around 2θ =43.4°, 50.3°, and 74.39°, representing [111], [200], and [220] crystallographic planes of face-centered cubic (fcc). The synthesized CuO NPs tested antibacterial properties against various strains of microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, 25 μg/mL 2.3 ± 0.21 and 100 μg/mL 6.5 ± 0.17, Staphylococcus aureus, 25 μg/mL 2.3 ± 0.29 and 100 μg/mL 11.5 ± 1.17, Streptococcus mutans, 25 μg/mL 01.05 ± 0.21 and 100 μg/mL 15.8 ± 0.17, Enterococcus faecalis). The short novelty of Azadirachta indica lies in its potential relevance to human health, as it has been found to possess bioactive compounds with various medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities, making it a promising natural resource for therapeutic applications.

Guardians of Citrus Groves: An In-Depth Analysis of Neem Leaf Extract's Effects on Asian Citrus Psyllid Attractiveness, Diaphorina citri kuwayama, And its Potential for Integrated Pest Management

Background: The pervasive impact of fungal diseases on wheat crops necessitates the exploration of sustainable and safe pest control alternatives. Neem (Azadirachta indica) is renowned for its medicinal properties and is being investigated for its potential as a biopesticide in agriculture. Objective: To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Azadirachta indica leaf extracts on fungal pathogens in wheat crops, aiming to offer an environmentally benign alternative to chemical fungicides. Methods: Neem leaves were collected, sterilized, dried, and ground to powder. This powder was subjected to solvent extraction using methanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, petroleum ether, and distilled water. The resulting extracts were tested for antifungal activity against Diaphorina citri kuwayama using the agar well diffusion method. Wheat plants treated with the extracts were monitored for fungal disease incidence and yield changes. Results: Methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica showed a significant zone of inhibition of 34.67 mm against Diaphorina citri kuwayama. Additionally, methanolic extracts displayed a zone of inhibition of 31.6±2.04 mm, while the control showed 31.33±0.58 mm. The MIC values ranged from 35 µg/ml for methanol to 24 µg/ml for distilled water, with the control at 20 µg/ml. Treatment of wheat crops with these extracts resulted in reduced fungal contamination and enhanced yield. Conclusion: The study confirms that Azadirachta indica leaf extracts have substantial antifungal properties, demonstrating potential as a natural and environmentally friendly pest management strategy in wheat production. This approach aligns with sustainable agricultural practices and could have a beneficial impact on human health by reducing harmful chemical residues in food.

Protective effect of neem leaf extract and dexamethasone in cigarette-smoke induced liver and kidney injury in Swiss mice: A comparative analysis

Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the leading causes of lung injury where co-morbidity in different organs including liver and kidney can be observed. CS contributes as one of the causes of mortality across the globe. Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid is widely used as an anti-inflammatory medication despite being associated with several side effects with long-term usage. Therefore, the present study focused on the comparison between dexamethasone and Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AILE) for treating hepatic and renal injury caused by CS in mice. The phytochemical screening of AILE revealed the abundance of phytocompounds as sterols, proteins, alkaloids, flavonoids and diterpenes that might have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. In this context, Swiss mice were treated with CS, dexamethasone and AILE. CS-induced mice expressed elevated inflammatory cells, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) with higher levels of both liver and kidney function markers: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine respectively which was reversed by AILE. No mortality was observed in CS or AILE-treated group while dexamethasone-treated mice exclusively resulted in 20% mortality. Moreover, CS-induced mice also exhibited declined SOD levels in the liver and kidney and higher Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) which was modulated by AILE treatment. This is the first report demonstrating in vivo the effects of A. indica ethanolic leaf extract in treating CS-induced hepatic and renal chronic inflammation in an animal model which gave better results when compared to dexamethasone.

Facile green synthesis of novel tantalum doped tungsten trioxide for photocatalytic degradation: Correlation with COMSOL simulation

The facilegreen synthesis techniqueis becoming more and more important, and it has been proposed as a potential substitute for chemical techniques. The current study describes a low-cost, environmentally friendly method for producing tungsten trioxide (WO3) and tantalum (Ta) doped WO3nanoparticles that uses 15 % (w/v) Azadirachta indica (Neem) leaf extract and different concentrations of Ta dopant (1 to 5 %) due to its well-matched ionic radius with WO3. Various techniques FESEM, TEM, EDX, BET, UV–Vis and PL, XRD, and FTIR were used to illustrate the morphological, elemental, optical, structural, and vibrational analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles respectively. Interestingly, the band gap was significantly reduced to 1.88 eV by the addition of a dopant element. For 3 % Ta/WO3, the average particle size was also reduced to 31.6 nm. The synthesized WO3nanoparticles employed in the current study have been used for photocatalytic activitypurposes. Methylene blue (MB), one of the principal water pollutants, was degraded more quickly by the synthesized Ta/WO3nanoparticles when exposed to UV radiation. Among them, 3 % Ta/WO3 gives significantly higher photodegradation 89 % attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect. The significant output of optimized nano-photocatalyst has been observed from the trapping experiment and reusability test. Furthermore, Zeta potential and TOC analysis have been taken to check the stability and mineralization performance. Additionally, the results of the simulation that was carried out using the finite element analysis approach in the RF module of COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a are quite similar to the experimental findings. This simulation method made it easier for readers to understand the numerous aspects of the photocatalytic process that has been discussed here.

Comprehensive antifungal investigation of green synthesized silver nanoformulation against four agriculturally significant fungi and its cytotoxic applications

The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in powder form using the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX. The synthesized AgNPs were in a powdered state and dispersed completely in 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and demonstrated prolonged shelf life and enhanced bioavailability over a year without any aggregation. The resulting silver nanoformulation demonstrated complete inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum falcatum and 68% to 80% inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani respectively, at 2000 ppm. The EC50 values determined through a statistical analysis were 66.42, 157.7, 19.06, and 33.30 ppm for S. sclerotiorum, C. falcatum, C. gloeosporioides, and R. solani respectively. The silver nanoformulation also established significant cytotoxicity, with a 74.96% inhibition rate against the human glioblastoma cell line U87MG at 250 ppm. The IC50 value for the cancerous cell lines was determined to be 56.87 ppm through statistical analysis. The proposed silver nanoformulation may be used as a next-generation fungicide in crop improvement and may also find application in anticancer investigations. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of silver nanoformulation demonstrating complete inhibition against the economically significant phytopathogen C. falcatum.

Br - nanoconjugate enhances the antibacterial efficacy of nimboloide against Flavobacterium columnare infection in Labeo rohita: A nanoinformatics approach

BackgroundThe bacterial pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease in Labeo rohita globally. Major effects of this bacterial infection include skin rashes and gill necrosis. Nimbolide, the key ingredient of the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica possesses anti-bacterial properties effective against many microorganisms. Nano-informatics plays a promising role in drug development and its delivery against infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Currently, studies in the disciplines of dentistry, food safety, bacteriology, mycology, virology, and parasitology are being conducted to learn more about the wide anti-virulence activity of nimbolide. MethodsThe toxicity of nimbolide was predicted to determine its dosage for treating bacterial infection in Labeo rohita. Further, comparative 3-D structure prediction and docking studies are done for nimbolide conjugated nanoparticles with several key target receptors to determine better natural ligands against columnaris disease. The nanoparticle conjugates are being designed using in-silico approaches to study molecular docking interactions with the target receptor. ResultsBromine conjugated nimbolide shows the best molecular interaction with the target receptors of selected species ie L rohita. Nimbolide comes under the class III level of toxic compound so, attempts are made to reduce the dosage of the compound without compromising its efficiency. Further, bromine is also used as a common surfactant and can eliminate heavy metals from wastewater. ConclusionThe dosage of bromine-conjugated nimbolide can be reduced to a non-toxic level and thus the efficiency of the Nimbolide can be increased. Moreover, it can be used to synthesize nanoparticle composites which have potent antibacterial activity towards both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This material also forms a good coating on the surface and kills both airborne and waterborne bacteria.

Synthesis and characterization of ternary nanocomposite based on Ag-Fe3O4/rGO for electrochemical application

In-situ synthesis of a ternary nanocomposite based on Ag-Fe3O4/rGO by utilizing Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a reducing agent has been carried out. The morphological, EDX, and structural analyses confirm the reduction of GO into rGO by forming crystalline Fe3O4 and Ag nanoparticles in the rGO matrix, with a crystalline size of 25.77 nm. Further, the FTIR, UV-Vis, and BET analyses confirmed the effective interaction between Fe3O4 and Ag nanoparticles in the rGO matrix, tunable bandgap, and a higher specific surface area. Various electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been performed in a 2 M KOH electrolyte to investigate its electrochemical performance. The synthesized ternary nanocomposite exhibits a specific capacitance of 493 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1, with notable capacitive retention of 91.5% even after 10,000 cycles. This nontoxic technique provides a substitute pathway for the formation of graphene-based ternary nanocomposites with exceptional structural, morphological, optical, surface, and electrochemical properties. The ternary nanocomposite synthesized through this procedure displays an outstanding specific capacitance, cyclic stability, and corrosion resistance and hence the possibility of using nanocomposite as a promising electrode material can be explored for energy storage devices.

Application of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles to prolong commercial availability of Vitis vinifera L

The objective of the study was to extend shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L.) by the application of green synthesized Magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. juss. and various concentrations of 20 mM, 30 mM, and 40 mM solutions of Magnesium nitrate hexa hydrate salt, were used to synthesize nanoparticles of different size. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by SEM, XRD, and UV. The antimicrobial activity of MgO NPs was evaluated for Azospirilum brasilense and Trichoderma viride, representative of microbes responsible for V. vinifera fruits spoilage. Nanoparticles with crystal size of 28.60 nm has more pronounced effect against microbes. The Shelf life of the Vitis vinifera L. was evaluated by application of 28.60 nm MgO NPs through T1 (nanoparticles coated on packaging), T2 (nanoparticles coated directly on fruit) at 4 °C and 25 °C. T1 at 4 °C was effective to extend the shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L) for an average of 20 days.

Azadirachta indica (AI) leaf extract coated ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles for enhanced antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

With the rise in microbial resistance to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants, there is a pressing need for the development of novel and effective antibacterial agents. Two major approaches being adopted worldwide to overcome antimicrobial resistance are the use of plant leaf extracts and metallic nanoparticles (NPs). However, there are no reports on the antibacterial potential of NPs coated with plant extracts, which may lead to novel ways of treating infections. This study presents an innovative approach to engineer antibacterial NPs by leveraging the inherent antibacterial properties of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO NPs) in combination with Azadirachta indica (AI) leaf extract, resulting in enhanced antibacterial efficacy. ZnO NPs were synthesised by the precipitation method and subsequently coated with AI leaf extract to produce ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures. The structural and morphological characteristics of the bare and leaf extract coated ZnO NPs were analysed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The presence of an AI leaf extract coating on ZnO NPs and subsequent formation of ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of both ZnO NPs and ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles was evaluated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using a zone of inhibition assay. The results showed an NP concentration-dependent increase in the diameter of the inhibition zone, with ZnO-AI nanocore–shell particles exhibiting superior antibacterial properties, owing to the combined effect of ZnO NPs and the poly phenols present in AI leaf extract. These findings suggest that ZnO-AI nanocore–shell structures hold promise for the development of novel antibacterial creams and hydrogels for various biomedical applications.

Elucidating the structural, catalytic, and antibacterial traits of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica leaf extract-mediated synthesis of the Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite.

The present exploration demonstrates the efficient, sustainable, cost-effective, and environment-friendly green approach for the synthesis of silver (Ag)-doped copper oxide (CuO) embedded with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite using the green one-pot method and the green deposition method. Leaf extracts of Ficus carica and Azadirachta indica were used for both methods as reducing and capping agents. The effect of methodology and plant extract was analyzed through different characterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for the Ag/CuO/rGO prepared by the green one-pot method using F. carica. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and the formation of metal oxide was confirmed through functional group detection using FT-IR. Calculation of thermodynamic parameters showed that all reactions involved were nonspontaneous and endothermic which shows the stability of nanocomposites. XRD studies revealed the crystallinity, phase purity and small average crystallite size of 32.67 nm. SEM images disclosed that the morphology of the nanocomposites was spherical with agglomeration and rough texture. The particle size of the nanocomposites calculated through HRTEM was found in agreement with the XRD results. The numerous properties of the synthesized nanocomposites enhanced their potential against the degradation of methylene blue, rhodamine B, and ciprofloxacin. The highest percentage degradation of Ag/CuO/rGO was found to be 97%, synthesized using the green one-pot method with F. carica against ciprofloxacin, which might be due to the lowest band gap, delayed electron-hole pair recombination, and large surface area available. The nanocomposites were also tested against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Facile synthesis of Ag/CuO/rGO nanocomposite using a green one-pot method and the green deposition method. The lowest band gap of 3.0 eV was observed for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using Ficus carica. Least average crystallite size of 32.67 nm was found for nanocomposite prepared by a green one-pot method using F. carica. Highest antibacterial and catalytic activity (97%) was obtained against ciprofloxacin with nanocomposite prepared through green one-pot method using F. carica. A mechanism of green synthesis is proposed.

Green synthesis and characterization of Fe/Mg nanoparticles for their potential applications against aflatoxogenic A. flavus

Natural contamination of agricultural products like crops (red chilies, peanuts, pistachio, walnut, rice, corn, cottonseed, and wheat) by various fungi and their metabolites, may occur at pre and post-harvest levels. Ten thousand Mycotoxins have been known that are produced by various fungi but the metabolites of the genus Aspergillus called aflatoxins are well known due to their most toxic potential. Among the twenty identified types of aflatoxins four types B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), and G2 (AFG2) are well known due to carcinogenic potential. It is a very difficult task to inhibit their growth from food and feed products to get rid from the exposure of aflatoxins. The process of inhibition was employed for this purpose and natural materials with their modified surface was used as antifungal agents. This method was found to be very beneficial and effective for the inhibition of Aflatoxogenic A. flavus from agricultural commodities. This method of inhibition of growth of A. flavus being cost effective and economical to preserved food and feed products before its consumption. In this research work, Fe/Mg nanoparticles was prepared by using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. Optimum conditions for efficient inhibition of A. flavus was initial concentration 5 mg/mL while dose rate for both of these was 15 and 20 mg/mL. For the characterization of synthesized Fe/Mg nanoparticles Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used. Statistical analysis was done by calculating standards errors at 0.05 level of significance.

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticle Enhanced Biodiesel using Azadirachta Indica (Neem) leaf extract

Diesel fuel demand is rising globally but its direct combustion possesses many adverse health and environmental impacts. Biodiesel production has emerged as a promising substitute for commercial diesel. Biodiesel is usually prepared from edible or non-edible vegetable oils. Using edible oils for biodiesel production raises many issues such as availability, food security and cost. While in case of non-edible oils, main issues arise in terms of land use change. Fortunately, waste vegetable oils (WVO) are excellent options to solve all these problems, except for trivial costs associated with their collection and recycling. Despite several scientific breakthroughs, the biofuel production process is a slow process and there are various side reactions which inhibit the transesterification reaction. In the recent decade, nanotechnology has vastly expanded. The unique characteristics of nanoparticles such as high chemical stability, adsorption capacity and catalytic activity makes it attractive for enhancing the biofuel production process. In the present work, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (Ag-NP and CuO-NP) were prepared using a green synthesis method. Three samples of biodiesel were prepared from WVO, one using Ag-NP catalyst, one using CuO-NP catalyst and one without nanoparticles. Prepared biofuel showed a remarkable yield of 72.9% and 64.6%, for Ag-NP biodiesel and CuO-NP biodiesel respectively. Acid values of both the prepared samples of NP biodiesels were decreased by over 7% ensuring a better quality.

Development and Characterization of Electrospun Piper Betle - Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Incorporated Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Composite Mats

Development and Characterization of Electrospun Piper Betle - Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract Incorporated Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Composite Mats

Comparative Extraction and Bioactive Potential of the Leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica for Combatting Postoperative Head and Neck Infections: An In Vitro Study.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) following head and neck cancer surgery are very common postoperative sequelae. Delayed wound healing leads to a poor aesthetic outcome, delay in restarting oral intake, and delay in getting or starting adjuvant therapy. Antibiotic resistance is on the rise necessitating studies that use alternatives to combat the rising antibiotic resistance. Many plant compounds have been studied to explore the possibility.Neem (Azadirachta indica), a high medicinal value plant, possesses a vast array of phytocompounds, which are broadly grouped into isoprenoids and non-isoprenoids. These phytocompounds are crucial for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antipyretic, and various other pharmacological activities. In this study, we examined the impact of the extraction solvents on the bioactive potential of neem. Neem leaf samples were extracted with water and ethanol; followed by their biological activities like extraction yield, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies were performed. The extraction yield was found to be higher in the ethanolic extract than in the aqueous extract, which also corroborates with increased antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem exhibited antibacterial activities against dental biofilm-producing pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Results: Extraction yield was higher in the ethanolic extract of neem. Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in the ethanolic extract than in the aqueous extract. Neem extract has no toxicity, which was observed through hemolytic and zebrafish embryo toxicity assays. The ethanolic extract of neem was shown to be more effective against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug-resistant bacterial pathogen Discussion and conclusion: Thus, the utilization of neem extracts is certainly useful in controlling pathogenic bacterial growth in clinical applications. Further, a detailed mechanism of action of neem extract in bacterial growth inhibition at the molecular level is warranted to utilize their potential in disease management.