Aloe Vera Leaf Extract Research Articles

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles in aloe vera plant extract prepared by a hydrothermal method and their synergistic antibacterial activity

BackgroundThere is worldwide interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by various chemical reactions for use in applications exploiting their antibacterial activity, even though these processes exhibit a broad range of toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. To avoid the chemical toxicity, biosynthesis (green synthesis) of metal nanoparticles is proposed as a cost-effective and environmental friendly alternative. Aloe vera leaf extract is a medicinal agent with multiple properties including an antibacterial effect. Moreover the constituents of aloe vera leaves include lignin, hemicellulose, and pectins which can be used in the reduction of silver ions to produce as AgNPs@aloe vera (AgNPs@AV) with antibacterial activity.MethodsAgNPs were prepared by an eco-friendly hydrothermal method using an aloe vera plant extract solution as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs@AV were characterized using XRD and SEM. Additionally, an agar well diffusion method was used to screen for antimicrobial activity. MIC and MBC were used to correlate the concentration of AgNPs@AV its bactericidal effect. SEM was used to investigate bacterial inactivation. Then the toxicity with human cells was investigated using an MTT assay.ResultsThe synthesized AgNPs were crystalline with sizes of 70.70 ± 22-192.02 ± 53 nm as revealed using XRD and SEM. The sizes of AgNPs can be varied through alteration of times and temperatures used in their synthesis. These AgNPs were investigated for potential use as an antibacterial agent to inhibit pathogenic bacteria. Their antibacterial activity was tested on S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. The results showed that AgNPs had a high antibacterial which depended on their synthesis conditions, particularly when processed at 100 oC for 6 h and 200 oC for 12 h. The cytotoxicity of AgNPs was determined using human PBMCs revealing no obvious cytotoxicity. These results indicated that AgNPs@AV can be effectively utilized in pharmaceutical, biotechnological and biomedical applications.DiscussionAloe vera extract was processed using a green and facile method. This was a hydrothermal method to reduce silver nitrate to AgNPs@AV. Varying the hydrothermal temperature provided the fine spherical shaped nanoparticles. The size of the nanomaterial was affected by its thermal preparation. The particle size of AgNPs could be tuned by varying both time and temperature. A process using a pure AG phase could go to completion in 6 h at 200 oC, whereas reactions at lower temperatures required longer times. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of this hybrid nanomaterial was sufficient that it could be used to inhibit pathogenic bacteria since silver release was dependent upon its particle size. The high activity of the largest AgNPs might have resulted from a high concentration of aloe vera compounds incorporated into the AgNPs during hydrothermal synthesis.

Plant-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nano-particles and their effect on growth, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide contents in soybean

Zinc oxide nano-particles have been produced by physical and chemical methods for a long time, but recent developments explored the critical role of biological systems for this purpose. In the present study, zinc oxide-nano-particles were prepared by leaf extract of Aloe vera and their effects were evaluated on growth and physiological parameters of soybean. Properties of zinc oxide-nano-particles were determined by UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering. Synthesized zinc oxide-nano-particles were confirmed by the absorption maxima at the wavelength of 360 nm. Scanning electron microscopy image revealed that zinc oxide-nano-particles were oval in shape. Zinc oxide-nano-particles of average size of 70 nm were synthesized by ecofriendly method. Investigations of zinc oxide-nano-particles on soybean have shown accelerated germination and enhanced growth of plants exposed to nano-particles. Treatment of zinc oxide nano-particles showed increase in lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide contents.

Green synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticle: A prospective drug against oxidative harm

Cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeONP) of size 2–3nm was synthesized by a new, simple and green method at ambient temperature, using cerium nitrate as prime precursor and Aloe vera leaf extract as stabilizing agent. Of the two oxidation states (+3) and (+4) of cerium, it was dominantly present in (+3) state in CeONP and cyclic conversion of Ce(III)O→Ce(IV)O→Ce(III)O by reaction with H2O2 implied uninterrupted antioxidant property of CeONP. Moreover, the higher oxygen defect in the crystal lattice produced particles with higher antioxidant activity. CeONP was found to neutralize the deleterious effects of H2O2 viz., cell death, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and loss of connectivity in mouse neural cells. Therefore, CeONP might have potential use in future as an anti-oxidant drug.

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Aloe Vera Collected from Different Climatic Regions of India

In this study Aloe vera accessions were collected from 12 states covering different climatic zones of India. The aqueous crude extracts were investigated for qualitative phytochemical diversity analysis, quantitative estimation of total phenol, alkaloid and flavonoid content and their antibacterial potential against ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) bacterial reference strains. Pearsoncoefficient correlation was used to correlate the quantitative estimation between tested bio-active compounds. Antibacterial potential was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against 9 bacterial reference ATCC strains. MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) values were calculated by microbroth dilution method. Different Aloe vera accessions showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugar, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins. Significant correlation was observed between alkaloids and phenols, and flavonoids and alkaloid contents. The correlation analysis also revealed the significant negative correlation between temperature and phenol (-0.803), and temperature and alkaloids (-0.779). Antibacterial activities measured in term of zone of inhibition against tested bacterial strains varied in different accessions of Aloe vera. Aqueous leaf extract of Aloe vera showed good antibacterial potential against both type of bacterial strains, gram positive S. aureus as well as gram negative E. coli and S. typhi. Highland and semi-arid zone accessions showed maximum phytochemical and antibacterial potential as compared to other Aloe vera accessions. Minimum MIC value of 1.2 mg/ml was shown by Highland samples against most of the reference strains. The results also concluded that phytochemical composition of Aloe vera is influenced by various environmental factors especially temperature and it is further correlated with antimicrobial potential of the plant.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and characterization of their inhibitory effects on AGEs formation using biophysical techniques.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) resulting from non-enzymatic glycation are one of the major factors implicated in secondary complications of diabetes. Scientists are focusing on discovering new compounds that may be used as potential AGEs inhibitors without affecting the normal structure and function of biomolecules. A number of natural and synthetic compounds have been proposed as AGE inhibitors. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) in AGEs formation. AgNPs (~30.5 nm) synthesized from Aloe Vera leaf extract were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The inhibitory effects of AgNPs on AGEs formation were evaluated by investigating the degree of reactivity of free amino groups (lysine and arginine residues), protein-bound carbonyl and carboxymethyl lysine (CML) content, and the effects on protein structure using various physicochemical techniques. The results showed that AgNPs significantly inhibit AGEs formation in a concentration dependent manner and that AgNPs have a positive effect on protein structure. These findings strongly suggest that AgNPs may play a therapeutic role in diabetes-related complications.

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of neem and Aloe vera leaf extracts in comparison with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine against E. faecalis and C. albicans

Aim: The aim of study was to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of alcoholic neem and Aloe vera leaf extracts against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans in comparison with 3% sodium hypochlorite (3% NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (2% CHX). Materials and Methods: In the present study, indigenously prepared neem and Aloe vera leaf extracts were serially diluted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at which the E. faecalis and C. albicans were sensitive, and compared it with 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX by the agar-well diffusion method. Results: The MICs of the alcoholic neem extract to E. faecalis and C. albicans were determined as 0.94% and 1.88%, and for Aloe vera extracts they were 1.88% and 3.75%, respectively and the zones of diffusions that were formed around the extracts in the respective agar plates were significantly greater than with 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX within the groups when analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Conclusion: The antimicrobial efficacy of extracts was well demonstrated from the present in vitro observation of the agar-well diffusion method, and hence it may be advantageous if we use these extracts as irrigating solutions in endodontics. However, it requires further preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Effect of Aloe vera leaf extract on blood glucose levels in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly rising worldwide at an alarming rate. Over the last 30 years, the status of diabetes has changed from being considered as a mild disorder of the elderly to one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality affecting the youth and middle aged people. Aloe vera has been used in folk medicine as a remedy for various diseases. It is extensively studied in treating diabetes mellitus. Aims and Objectives: This study evaluates the hypoglycemic effect of A. vera leaf dried powder and compares it with standard Metformin in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg. A pure extract of A. vera leaf was given orally once daily for 5 weeks in three graded doses of 100, 200, 400 mg/kg and compared with control (2 ml distilled water) and standard (metformin 50 mg/kg). Results: The elevated blood glucose levels in diabetic rats were reduced by the treatment with A. vera leaf extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg which was comparable to 50 mg/kg of metformin with no statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our study concludes that A. vera leaf extract has a favorable effect in reversing alloxan induced hyperglycemia in rats.

Green synthesis of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for arsenic(V) remediation with a novel aspect for sludge management

A simple, single step and eco-friendly approach was taken for synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles using Aloe vera leaf extract. The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques and used for arsenic(V) remediation in synthetic system with an initial concentration range of 2–30mg/L. The effect of pH, particle dosage and initial arsenic concentration on arsenic adsorption was investigated using response surface methodology involving five levels Central Composite Design (CCD) considering adsorption capacity as the response. The nanoparticles showed a high sorption capacity of 38.48mg/g in the experimental range of concentration compared to other inorganic oxide based adsorbents.A novel approach was adopted for utilization of arsenic contained sludge. As(V) sorbed nanoparticles were used in the preparation of colored soda lime silicate glass. The basic properties such as density, thermal and optical properties were measured for the experimental glass sample and compared with samples containing commercial Fe2O3.The overall study indicates that the green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticle is a prospective candidate for arsenic remediation in contaminated water. The arsenic contained sludge may be used in preparation of coloured glasses which have wide application in making container bottles and building glasses.

Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of three plants used in Cameroonian ethnoveterinary medicine: Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) leaves, Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) seeds or leaves, and Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) leaves in Kabir chicks

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Xanthorrhoeaceae), Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) and Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) are widely used in the Cameroonian ethnoveterinary medicine as a panacea, and specifically for gastrointestinal disorders as well as an anthelmintic and antibacterial. Aim of the studyThe present study evaluated the potential toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera leaves, Carica papaya leaves or seeds, and Mimosa pudica leaves after acute and sub-chronic administration in chicks. Materials and methodsFor the acute toxicity test a single administration of each of the four hydroalcoholic extracts was given orally at doses ranging from 40 to 5120mg/kg (n=5/group/sex). In the sub-chronic study, these extracts were given orally as a single administration to chicks at doses of 80, 160, 320 and 640mg/kg/day for 42 days. The anti-angiogenic properties of these extracts (5–320µg/mg) were investigated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. ResultsIn the acute toxicity test, none of the four studied hydroalcoholic extracts induced mortality or significant behavioural changes. The sub-acute treatment with the four plant extracts did not alter either the body weight gain or the food and water consumption. However, the results indicated that Aloe vera leaf extract acute treatment by oral route at doses up to 2560mg/kg did not produce death in 50% (5/10) of chicks during 24h or 14 days of observation, but 20% (2/10) chicks died. The haematological and biochemical analyses did not show significant differences in any of the parameters examined in female or male groups, with the exception of a transient rise in white blood cell counts at high doses (640mg/kg). Additionally, these extracts did not have the potential for anti-angiogenic effects through the inhibition of neo-angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane in vivo. ConclusionThe results showed that the therapeutic use of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Aloe vera leaves, Carica papaya leaves or seeds and Mimosa pudica leaves had very low toxicity in oral acute high dose administration and no toxicity in oral sub-chronic low dose administration and indicate that the plants could be considered safe for oral medication in chicks.

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Aloe vera Leaf Extract and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Fish Bacterial Pathogens

The present study reports biologically oriented process for green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles by using eco-friendly and non-toxic Aloe vera leaf extract. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis revealed that synthesized CuO nanoparticles are in monoclinic phase with average particle size of 20 nm. The antibacterial activity of green synthesized CuO nanoparticles was tested against three bacterial fish pathogens “viz:” Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Flavobacterium branchiophilum, which are responsible for causing severe infectious diseases in fishes. CuO NPs exhibits enhanced antibacterial activity against all the fish pathogens even at lower concentrations, i.e. above 20 μg/mL.

The Effects of Co-administration of Immobilization Stress and Aloe vera on Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Rats

Background:: Immobilization has been used extensively and accepted widely for studying stress-induced alterations. To determine the protective effects of Aloe vera leaf extract, we evaluated the effects of co-administration of immobilization stress and Aloe vera leaf extract on serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor marker in male rats. Materials and Methods:: In this experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of 5 rats in each including: 1) control, 2) normal saline receiving, 3) Aloe vera extract receiving, 4) acutely immobilized, 5) chronically immobilized, 6) acutely immobilized+Aloe vera extract, 7) chronically immobilized+Aloe vera extract, 8) acutely immobilized+normal saline and 9) chronically immobilized + normal saline. The animals were exposed to chronic or acute immobilization stress for 2 h/day or 8 h/day for a period of 3 weeks or one week, respectively. Aloe vera extract (300 mg/kg/day) was fed by gavage feeding orally. Blood samples were collected and following serum collection, CEA level was determined by radioimmunoassay method. Data were compared statistically between groups using ANOVA. Results:: Serum CEA level was significantly increased in acutely (0.640±0.025 ng/mL) or chronically immobilized (0.647±0.023 ng/mL) rats compared with control animals group (0.564±0.014 ng/mL) (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between serum CEA levels of acutely or chronically immobilized Aloe vera extract received animals compared with control rats (0.622±0.027 ng/m and 0.616±0.044 ng/mL, respectively). Conclusion:: Our findings indicate that immobilization stress enhances serum CEA level, however, intake of Aloe vera extract can withstand against.

Inhibitory Effects of Extracts from Plant Materials on In Vitro Glycation and Oxidation

Extracts from Aloe vera leaves, Aloe arborescens leaves, Aloe vera callus, Portulaca oleracea and cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) bean husk (CBH) were prepared using acetone, chloroform, ethanol, hexane, and water. Solvent extracts of Aloe vera leaf had very high antioxidant activities showing IC 50 values in the ranges of 0.02-0.17 mg/ mL, and had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content among the tested samples. We hypothesized that Aloe vera leaf and CBH extracts might possess considerable in vitro anti-glycation activities. Indeed, these extracts strongly inhibited the formation of advanced glycation end-products from RNase in the presence of ribose. The chloroform extract of Aloe vera leaf showed the strongest inhibition of AGE formation (99.9%), followed by the 95% acetone extract (92.8%) at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, exhibiting higher anti-glycation activities than those of AG and rutin (73.4% and 96.1% at 1 mg/mL, respectively). The anti-glycation activity of all extracts was correlated positively with their total contents of phenolics and flavonoids. We conclude that Aloe vera leaf extracts and their constituents may be used as anti-glycation agents.

Mosquitocidal and antibacterial activity of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera extracts: towards an effective tool against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi?

Mosquitoes represent an important threat for lives of millions of people worldwide, acting as vectors for devastating pathogens, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile. In addition, pathogens and parasites polluting water also constitute a severe plague for populations of developing countries. Here, we investigated the mosquitocidal and antibacterial properties of Aloe vera leaf extract and silver nanoparticles synthesized using A. vera extract. Mosquitocidal properties were assessed in laboratory against larvae (I-IV instar) and pupae of the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against An. stephensi also in field conditions. Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles were evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In laboratory conditions, the A. vera extract was toxic against An. stephensi larvae and pupae, even at low dosages. LC50 were 48.79 ppm (I instar), 59.09 ppm (II instar), 70.88 ppm (III instar), 83.58 ppm (IV instar), and 152.55 ppm (pupae). Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were highly toxic against An. stephensi. LC50 were 3.825 ppm (I instar), 4.119 ppm (II instar), 4.982 ppm (III instar), 5.711 ppm (IV instar), and 6.113 ppm (pupae). In field conditions, the application of A. vera-synthesized silver nanoparticles (10 × LC50) leads to An. stephensi larval reduction of 74.5, 86.6, and 97.7%, after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Nanoparticles also showed antibacterial properties, and the maximum concentration tested (150 mg/L) evoked an inhibition zone wider than 80 mm in all tested bacterium species. This study adds knowledge about the use of green synthesis of nanoparticles in medical entomology and parasitology, allowing us to propose A. vera-synthesized silver nanoparticles as effective candidates to develop newer and safer mosquitocidal control tools.

Effects of Aloe Vera Leaf Extract on Growth, Clinical Chemistry and Histology of Selected Organs in Turkey Poults Challenged withEscherichia coli

A 6-weeks feeding trial was carried out to elucidate the effect of different levels of aloe vera leaf extract on the performance and health of turkey poults challenged with Escherichia coli. Sixty (60) turkey poults were randomly grouped into five treatments which were further replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The first group of poults was without infection and fed on the basal diet alone, and served as the positive control (P-CON). Out of the rest four infected groups, one was fed the basal diet alone to serve as the negative control (N-CON), while the others were fed the basal diet with tetramycin (ANT), or aloe vera at 2-mL (ALV2) and 3-mL (ALV3) per litre of water. The response of turkey poults to the challenge were assessed in terms of their growth performance, histology, haematology and serum constituents. The growth parameters, such as survival, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency were significantly (P<0.05) higher in poults given ALV3. Histological results of the organs (breast muscle, liver, spleen and ileum) showed normal morphological pattern for poults subjected to ALV2 while those kept on ALV3 showed normal for breast muscle, spleen and ileum but not for the liver. Similarly, birds raised on ANT showed normal organ morphology compared with the positive control. However, the birds challenged with E. coli without (N-CON) showed abnormal morphological pattern for all the organs investigated. There were also no adverse effects of aloe vera leaf extract on turkey poults health, as determined from the analysis of various haematological parameters and serum metabolites. The results indicated that Aloe vera leaf extract inclusion at 2mL (ALV2) in drinking water could successfully replace antibiotics in the rearing of turkey poults.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Aloe vera leaf extract and antifungal activity against Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp.

Silver nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention in the field of agriculture. This study aims at evaluating the antifungal properties of green synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Aloe vera leaf extract against two pathogenic fungus Rhizopus sp. and Aspergillus sp. Results revealed that synthesised nanoparticles showed strong absorption maximum at 400 nm corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. From the scanning photograph it is clear that particles are heterogeneous in shape such as rectangular, triangular and spherical with uniform distribution. FT-IR study showed sharp absorption peaks at 1,631 and 3,433 cm−1 for amide and alcoholic hydroxide groups, respectively. On the other hand, synthesised silver nanoparticles showed highest antifungal activity against Aspergillus sp. than Rhizopus sp. by application of 100 μL of 1 M silver nanoparticles with maximum inhibition of the growth of fungal hyphae. However, microscopic observation revealed that synthesised nanoparticles caused detrimental effects on conidial germination along with other deformations such as structure of cell membrane and inhibited normal budding process of both the tested species. Therefore, it has been concluded that Aloe vera leaf extract origin silver nanoparticles have tremendous potentiality towards controlling pathogenic fungus. However, further research is needed to check the efficacy of size-dependent AgNPs on different species of fungus.

Antibacterial activity testing of ethanolic extract of aloe vera leaf and gel against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Introduction: The interest on Aloe vera based herbal products is fast growing during recent years, particularly in medication regarding their antibacterial properties which had a lot of active components such as saponin and anthraquinone. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has emerged as one of the most important human pathogens causing nosocomial infections and became the first priority as a consequence of their resistancy. The purpose of this study is to determine the minimum levels of ethanol extract of leaves and Aloe Vera gel that can inhibit MRSA and find out whether there are differences in antibacterial power between of ethanol extract of leaves and Aloe Vera gel. Methods: Ten isolates of MRSA were investigated for their sensitivity to Aloe vera leaf and gel extract using the serial dilution method by doing two times repetition and statistically analyzed according to t-test method. Result: The result shows that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Aloe vera leaf and gel extract each located at a concentration of 25% and 12,5%. There is a significant difference in antibacterial power between the ethanol extract of leaves and Aloe Vera gel in inhibiting MRSA with MIC values of 25% and 12.5% Conclusion: There was a difference between Aloe vera leaf and gel extract antibacterial activity, where the gel extract is more effective than leaf extract.

The antimicrobial and wound healing effect of Aloe Vera in induced diabetic rats

The study was conducted on sixteen streptozotocin induced diabetic rats to investigate whether the topical application of Aloe Vera gel and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extract could improve the wound healing in diabetic rats. The rats were weight, matched, and placed in to four groups 4 rats of each group. Full thickness circular skin wound (2cm in diameter) was experimentally created dorsal to the neck area of each rat. Animals in group (1) left without dressing as a control group. Animals in group (2 and 3) were treated topically with Aloe Vera gel (100%) and alcoholic Aloe Vera leaf extracts (100%) respectively, while the animals of group (4) were treated with povidone iodine (4%). Treated groups were dresses twice daily for 14 successive days. The treated wound in groups 2, and 3 were significantly healed faster in comparison to the wound of control group. The effect produced by the Aloe Vera with reference to the wound contraction, wound closure, decreased in surfaces area of wound, and tissue regeneration at the wound site. Histologically wounds treated with Aloe Vera show increase in macrophages, fibroblast migration, collagen regeneration and epithelialization compared with the control group. The wet, dry granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content increased significantly when compared to control. Aloe Vera was seen exhibited antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microorganism. In conclusion Aloe Vera have strong wound healing property and effective as topical preparation and formulated as fairly economical therapeutic agent for wound management.

Effect of oral administration of Moringa aloevera leaf extract on neutrophil phagocytic activity in petrol exposed Wister rats (701.8)

Reduced immunity has been implicated in rats following inhalation of petrol. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade reduces inflammation in hypertension. The aim of this work is to assess the phagocytic effect of neutrophil in rats exposed to petrol and moringa alovera leave concurrently; petrol and candesartan and petrol and captopril.Methodology: 25 adult male rats were grouped to 4 with 4rats per group. All groups were exposed to petrol for 5 minutes everyday for 2 weeks except control group. Group 1 (control) Group 2, 3 and 4 had moringa aloevera plus feed, candesartan pre‐treatment, captopril pretreatment respectively while group 5 had petrol exposure only. At the end of the exposure, rats were anaesthesized with chloroform and blood collected into EDTA bottles from the heart. In vitro phagocytosis assay was conducted using 0.1ml of autologus chemotactically inactive serum. Phagocytosis ability (PHC) was considered as the percentage of phagocyting neutrophils by microscopic field at 405nm per charge.Results: There was significant increase in the phagocytotic activity of the moringa aloevera (+7.2%) group compared with control (2.15%). A reduction that was not significant was seen in the captopril group.Conclusion: Moringa alovera ameliorates the inflammation induced by exposure to inhalation of petrol by increasing phagocytotic activity of Neutrophils. The effect in the captopril [(Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor)] group was higher compared with the Candesartan an AT1 receptor blocker. The moringa aloevera effect seem to have been carried out through the ACE inhibitor.

Electrochemical noise investigation of Aloe plant extract as green inhibitor on the corrosion of stainless steel in 1 M H2SO4

The inhibition action of Aloe Vera leaf extract as environmentally friendly inhibitor for the corrosion protection of stainless steel in 1M H2SO4 solution was studied by electrochemical techniques as well as scanning electron microscope. The results of linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy proved the effectiveness of Aloe Vera extract as concentration increased. Corrosion inhibition of Aloe extract was also studied by electrochemical noise (EN). Employing EN, different aspects like transient analysis, noise resistant and characteristic charge were characterized. Moreover, a literature review of Aloe Vera characterization using high-performance liquid chromatography and GC-MS was carried out.

Antioxidant activity and preventive effect of aqueous leaf extract of Aloe Vera on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male Wistar rats.

In the present study, the nephroprotective and curative effects of aqueous extract of AV on gentamicin-induced tubular toxicity in male Wistar rats were investigated. Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of AV were also determined. In a preclinical study, 60 male Wistar rats were designated into 6 groups of 10 and treated as follows: Group I: Treated with vehicle (distilled water) and kept as control. Group II: Received 300 mg/kg/d AV for three days then, AV plus GM (80 mg/kg; intraperitoneally) for 7 more days and sacrificed. Group III: Received 300 mg/kg AV orally for 10 days, then sacrificed. Group IV: Received GM for 7 days and sacrificed. Group V: Received GM for 7 days and saline for ten days and sacrificed on 17th day. Group VI: Received GM for 7 days, then AV for 10 days and sacrificed. The levels of flavonoid and phenolic compounds in Aloe vera extract were 43 ± 3.8 mg/g (Rutin equivalent) and 80.1 ± 3.8 mg/g (Gallic acid equivalent), respectively. The antioxidant activity of the extract was 38%. The intensity of nephrotoxicity in group 2 that received AV 300 mg/kg/d as prophylaxis was not significantly different from the group I and from the group II which treated with 300 mg/kg/d AV without GM. This finding reveals that AV as prophylaxis could potentially attenuate the GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Aole vera significantly protects the renal cells and reduces the severity of tubular damage caused by gentamicin. However, it cannot regenerate tubular damage.