Leading Research Institutions Research Articles

ТОПОГРАФО-ГЕОДЕЗИЧЕСКОЕ И КАРТОГРАФИЧЕСКОЕ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Предложен вариант проекта концепции топографо-геодезического и картографического обеспечения Арктической зоны РФ на основе использования современных средств и методов, а также приведено ее содержание. Последовательно изложены результаты внедрения в Арктике разработок, выполненных с участием авторов в 1961-1967 и 1975-1992 годах. Подчеркивается стратегическое значение и большое внимание государственных структур к освоению Арктической зоны. Приведены ключевые моменты развития топографо-геодезического и картографического обеспечения для этого региона. Показана роль ведущих научно-исследовательских институтов в этом процессе. Предлагаемая концепция включает шесть этапов. При создании плановой геодезической основы авторы рекомендуют альтернативный инновационный алгоритм определения высоты Н без предварительного вычисления широты В с использованием только спутниковых измерений. Рассмотрен чрезвычайно важный вопрос о преобразовании геодезических координат B, L в плоские прямоугольные координаты x, y. Для территории РФ предложены новые разработки, использующие данные спутниковых определений, новый подход к определению нормальных высот и преобразования пространственных прямоугольных координат в плоские прямоугольные координаты, необходимые для целей картографирования. Показаны необходимые положения, которые должна содержать нормативно-техническая документация по топографической съемке шельфа. Показана важность реализации концепции в связи с определением внешней границы континентального шельфа Северного Ледовитого океана.

Scientific misconduct at an elite medical institute: The role of competing institutional logics and fragmented control

The incidence of revealed fraud and dishonesty in academia is on the rise, and so is the number of studies seeking to explain scientific misconduct. This paper builds on the concepts of competing logics and institutional fields to analyze a serious case of medical and scientific misconduct at a leading research institute, Karolinska in Sweden, home to the Nobel Prize in Medicine.By distinguishing between a market-oriented, a medical and an academic logic, the study analyzes how various actors − executives, research leaders, co-authors, journal editors, medical doctors, science bloggers, investigative journalists and documentary filmmakers − sustained or tried to expose the misconduct. Despite repeated warnings from patient-responsible doctors and external academic reviewers, Karolinska protected the surgeon, Paolo Macchiarini, until a documentary film at the Swedish national public TV exposed the fraud which led to public inquiries and proposals for a new national ethics legislation.The analysis illustrates the power of a market-oriented logic focused on brand and image at the research institute and at a leading journal, but also the perseverance of the logics of scientific scrutiny and medical care among practicing doctors and independent academics although the carriers of these logics were less well organized than the carriers of the market-oriented logic. Furthermore, the analysis shows the problem of fragmented control in the academic institutional field. The discussion of remedies compares the Karolinska case, where media actors were instrumental in sanctioning the perpetrators, with a similar instance of medical misconduct at Duke in the US where the government agency (ORI) intervened and shows the limitations of both types of actors. The conclusion highlights the importance of studying misconduct management and institution-building in different fields to develop effective remedies.

Canyons pride and prejudice: Exploring the submarine canyon research landscape, a history of geographic and thematic bias

We mapped submarine canyon research using a scientometric approach to define and characterize its scientific landscape based on a comprehensive bibliographic dataset. The abundance of studies covering structural and functional aspects of submarine canyons allowed us to identify the existing knowledge clusters, historical trends, and emergent topics in canyon research. Our analysis documented a network of knowledge clusters of which four were particularly relevant: a strong cluster on “Geology & Geophysics”, well established since the beginnings of canyon research; a cluster on “Biology & Ecology” that gained strength primarily over the past two to three decades; a cluster on “Oceanographic Processes” which occupied a central position in the network and connected strongly to almost all the other clusters and especially to the fourth main cluster on “Modelling”. A smaller, but also well connected, cluster on “Biogeochemistry” related closely to “Biology & Ecology”, and three other small clusters (“Sedimentology”, “Sediments & Tidal Currents”, “Canyon Sampling”) bridged the main clusters. Finally, we identified three small, but specific satellite clusters (“Oil & Gas”, “Chemosynthetic Communities”, “Molecular & Symbionts”). The high-level structure of the knowledge network reflects a latent interdisciplinarity in canyon research. However, the evolution of the research lines over the past nine decades suggests that this pattern arose mostly in the new millennium. Emergent research topics in the last decade also reveal a concern regarding anthropogenic impacts and climate-driven processes. Our results also show a well implemented and international collaboration network, although research efforts have been mainly directed towards only a few canyon systems. A geographical and thematic bias also characterizes canyon research, with specific topics addressed preferentially in particular canyons by different leading research institutions. This spatial and thematic bias, together with the paucity of truly inter-disciplinary studies, may be the most important limitation to integrated knowledge and development in canyon research and hinders a global, more comprehensive understanding of canyon patterns and processes. The scientific landscape mapping and the complementary results are made available as an open and interactive platform that canyon stakeholders can use as a tool to identify knowledge gaps, to find key players in the global collaboration network and to facilitate planning of future research in submarine canyons.

Seismic hazard map of the Middle East

The collaborative project Earthquake Model of the Middle East (EMME, 2010–2015) brought together scientists and engineers from the leading research institutions in the region and delivered state-of-the-art seismic hazard assessment covering Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Pakistan, Syria and Turkey. Their efforts have been materialized in the first homogenized seismic hazard model comprising earthquake catalogues, mapped active faults, strong motions databank, ground motion models and the estimated ground motion values for various intensity measure types and relevant return periods (e.g. 475–5000 years). The reference seismic hazard map of the Middle East, depicts the mean values of peak ground acceleration with a 10% chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a mean return period of 475 years. A full resolution poster is provided with this contribution.

Innovation and its importance and recent popularity

In the last 40+ years, I have served industry in various capacities. I have been corporate planning manager for a major research funding organization, responsible for overall funding strategies and allocations; director of technology strategies for a leading research institute, managing numerous large projects around the world; and founder of a premier technology consulting company, helping major corporations and government agencies in developing technology investment strategies. I have also reviewed, managed, and participated in thousands of technology innovation and entrepreneurship projects. As chair of the TEMS Innovation and Entrepreneurship Technical Activity Committee, I will share some of my insights gained over the years in a regular series in the Technology Manager's Notebook for Engineering Management Review. I will seek to promote interest in both research and best practices in innovation management as well as elicit feedback from and discussion with kindred spirits in the field.

Professionalization of bibliometric research assessment. Insights from the history of the Leiden Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS)

In recent years, the use of quantitative metrics in research evaluation has grown considerably. This article recasts the emergence of evaluative bibliometrics as an academic research field and quantitative research assessment as a field of professional experts in the Netherlands by focusing on one expert organization that has shaped both: the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at the University of Leiden. Based on Abbott’s theory of professions and drawing on a comprehensive data set, including both archival and interview data, we show that the new professional field has been fostered by political actors in the Dutch science policy arena and that expertise was predominantly institutionalized in CWTS as a leading research institute and a provider of bibliometric research assessment services. Since the 2010s, CWTS has been challenged by ready-made bibliometric solutions provided by large database providers and publishing houses that increasingly attract non-experts to perform bibliometric assessments.

Constructing as Internationally Leading Research Institutes with High-level of Internationalization

Constructing as Internationally Leading Research Institutes with High-level of Internationalization

XXVI НАУЧНАЯ СЕССИЯ СОВЕТА РАН ПО НЕЛИНЕЙНОЙ ДИНАМИКЕ

XXVI Scientifc Session of the Council of Nonlinear Dynamics of the Russian Academy of Sciences took place in Shirshov Institute of Oceanology December 18-19. This is a traditional event since 1992. Results of current researchers in topical problems of the modern physics and applied mathematics were presented by professionals from leading research institutions of Russia. Unfortunately, our colleagues from Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Moldova who participated in previous sessions have not arrived this year. More than 50 oraltalks and poster presentations were discussed. Abstracts and presentations are available athttps://ocean.ru/index.php/novosti-left/ob-yavleniya/item/757-xxvi-nauchnaya-sessiyasoveta-ran-po-nelinejnoj-dinamike. We are looking forward for seeing the next Session in a year at regular days: Monday-Tuesday just before the Christmas.

Professionalization of bibliometric research assessment. Insights from the history of the Leiden Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS)

In recent years, the use of quantitative metrics in research evaluation has grown considerably. This article recasts the emergence of evaluative bibliometrics as an academic research field and quantitative research assessment as a field of professional experts in the Netherlands by focusing on one expert organization that has shaped both: the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS) at the University of Leiden. Based on Abbott’s theory of professions and drawing on a comprehensive data set, including both archival and interview data, we show that the new professional field has been fostered by political actors in the Dutch science policy arena and that expertise was predominantly institutionalized in CWTS as a leading research institute and a provider of bibliometric research assessment services. Since the 2010s, CWTS has been challenged by ready-made bibliometric solutions provided by large database providers and publishing houses that increasingly attract non-experts to perform bibliometric assessments.

Докторська підготовка у вітчизняній вищій школі: досвід та перспективи європейського виміру

Мета: Розгортання докторської підготовки в Україні згідно з європейськими стандартами є об’єктивною умовою повноцінної інтеграції нашої держави до єдиного освітньо-наукового простору. З метою забезпечення результативності цього процесу актуалізується необхідність досліджень європейського досвіду та перших здобутків і труднощів у вітчизняній вищій школі, визначальних чинників, зокрема, стану та перспектив розвитку правового поля реалізації нової моделі. Методи: Для досягнення мети дослідження були використані загально- та конкретно-наукові (спеціальні) методи. Використання методів першої групи дало можливість окреслити тенденції трансформації докторської підготовки в країнах Європи та в Україні. За допомогою порівняльно-правового методу проаналізовано особливості розвитку нормативно-правового поля докторської підготовки у вітчизняній вищій школі та визначено напрями його удосконалення. Результати: Визначено особливості розбудови докторської підготовки в європейському освітньому просторі та перспективи її запровадження у вітчизняній вищій освіті. Аргументовано сформованість правового поля докторської підготовки в України та окреслено шляхи його удосконалення. На прикладі Національного авіаційного університету, як одного з провідних науково-дослідницьких університетів, узагальнено перший досвід розгортання європейської моделі підготовки наукових кадрів. Обговорення: Однією з провідних тенденцій удосконалення докторської підготовки стає питання забезпечення якості виконання освітньо-наукових програм доктора філософії, посилення автономності та відповідальності аспірантів та наукових керівників, підвищення академічної та географічної мобільності науковців, збільшення фінансування наукових досліджень та підвищення їх інноваційності. У проекції цього питання на вітчизняну університетську освіту потребує дослідження проблема методології докторської підготовки, спрямованої на особистість молодого науковця як провідного суб’єкта створення нового знання, імплементації та розвитку нормативно-правового забезпечення цього процесу.

Instrumental in Setting up of the First Large Scale Education and Research Network in close Collaboration with the Leading Educational and Research Institutions Dr

Cyber security expert Gulshan Rai will now take charge as special secretary for cyber security as the first cyber security chief under the Prime Ministers Office. Before the current appointment he was heading the Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) at the Department of electronics and information technology (DeitY). Rai’s appointment comes at a time when cyber security assumes importance in the backdrop of growing network intrusions and hacking attempts on not just businesses but also on the government.

More Haste, Less Speed: Could Public-Private Partnerships Advance Cellular Immunotherapies?

Cellular immunotherapies promise to transform cancer care. However, they must overcome serious challenges, including: (1) the need to identify and characterize novel cancer antigens to expand the range of therapeutic targets; (2) the need to develop strategies to minimize serious adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome and treatment-related toxicities; and (3) the need to develop efficient production/manufacturing processes to reduce costs. Here, we discuss whether these challenges might better be addressed through forms of public–private research collaborations, including public–private partnerships (PPPs), or whether these challenges are best addressed by way of standard market transactions. We reviewed 14 public–private relationships and 25 underlying agreements for the clinical development of cancer cellular immunotherapies in the US. Most were based on bilateral research agreements and pure market transactions in the form of service contracts and technology licenses, which is representative of the commercialization focus of the field. We make the strategic case that multiparty PPPs may better advance cancer antigen discovery and characterization and improved cell processing/manufacturing and related activities. In the rush toward the competitive end of the translational continuum for cancer cellular immunotherapy and the attendant focus on commercialization, many gaps have appeared in our understanding of cellular biology, immunology, and bioengineering. We conclude that the model of bilateral agreements between leading research institutions and the private sector may be inadequate to efficiently harness the interdisciplinary skills and knowledge of the public and private sectors to bring these promising therapies to the clinic for the benefit of cancer patients.

3rd International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2017)

PrefaceThanks to the support and contributions from participants of more than 35 countries, the 3rd International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences (ABS 2017) was held successfully from June 26th to June 29th in Qingdao, Shandong, China.Promoting scientific and technological progress in the field of agricultural and biological sciences has become the consensus of all the countries in the world. Further challenges come from the climate change caused by global warming, environment pollutions, shortage of water resources and various animal and plant diseases pose new requirements for sustainable agricultural development. ABS conference series was held accordingly to provide a platform for scientists and researchers from all over the world to exchange their researches and new findings in those fields.The previous two ABS Conferences ABS 2015 and ABS 2016 brought together a forum of renowned scientists from the fields of agriculture, horticulture, soil and biology from the leading research institutes and universities from around the world that made them successful international events. Specializing the scope of ABS fields, we have this year interesting studies on animal biology and plant breeding in the field of biological sciences.More than 300 papers were submitted to ABS2017, and 50 submitted manuscripts have met the scope of IOP Conference Series on Earth and Environmental Sciences to form this special book. After pre-review on the originality and language, peer review process was arranged by the editorial committee. The editorial board was led by the Guest Editor Prof. Mohammad Golabi and reviewers like Dr. Jesus Rodrigo-Comino, Dr, Burak Kocak, Dr. Miguel Sanchez-Monedero etc and 21 best manuscripts were selected after the pre-review and peer review, and those manuscripts provide some insights in the field of soil, environmental and biological sciences.List of interesting pictures from ABS2017 and Editor information can be found in this pdf

The Development of QM-Fudan Higher Education Online Course Quality Standards: Some Results and Analysis

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine whether and how the US-based Quality Matters (QM) Higher Education Rubric-Design Standards for Online and Blended Courses apply to the Chinese higher education environment. Suitability and matchability of QM Standards are respectively examined through a questionnaire and course reviews at Fudan University, a leading research institution in China, with which Quality MattersTM has an exclusive five-year cooperation agreement to develop an adapted Chinese rubric based on the QM Standards. Cross-referencing the dimensions of suitability and matchability, QM Standards are divided into four categories, namely, Perfect, Challenging, Potential and Chicken-ribs standards. This classification helps to identify what standards are ready for adoption and what standards need to be adapted. It is found that most QM Standards are thought to be suitable for the Chinese higher education environment, but China has a long way to go to meet these standards. On the whole, QM Standards on course format, function, and basic quality elements are relatively easy for Chinese online courses to meet while the advanced standards on course quality, particularly those relating to learning outcomes, assessment and evaluation, interaction and other aspects of course design remain challenging at the present time. The research findings not only show areas of course design in China that need improvement, but also lay a solid foundation for the development of QM-Fudan Standards, which will be supplemented and improved by future practice and research based on the actual condition and progress of online education in China.

Security and Intelligence Studies in Israel

ABSTRACTAcademic research on various aspects of national security and intelligence is flourishing in Israel, both by university scholars and at several leading research institutes. The official intelligence establishment has also launched interesting research initiatives in the field. In addition, study options in national security and intelligence have also expanded recently. This article seeks to portray a broad picture of both academic research and teaching in the fields of national security and intelligence in Israel, and to review the various aspects of the cooperation between the Israeli academia and the State’s security and intelligence community.

2011 Kiep Visiting Scholarss Paper Series

The Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) was founded in 1989 as a government-funded economic research institute. It is a leading institute focusing on international regional studies with strong cooperative relationship with the world’s leading research institutes. The Center for Emerging Economies Research (CEER) has been enforcing visiting fellows program since 2008 in an effort to vitalize exchange among internal and external institutions and enrich competence in regional studies. This program cultivates close network and promotes cooperation through sharing of research outcomes and information among eminent scholars and experts of regional studies. ‘KIEP Visiting Scholars’ Paper Series’ is an accomplishment of this program that enabled higher understanding of international regional studies.

The New Scientific Policy: The Early Soviet Project of “State-Sponsored Evolutionism”

The aim of the present paper is to show that the fundamental transformation of Russian society that had been realized by the Soviet government since the early twenties included not only the reforms of scientific institutions or the creation of a new educational system but also a radical reevaluation of the social role of the expert knowledge. It proposes a transversal analysis of the institutional history of the Soviet science and its complex relations with the state apparatus in order to show that the research policy of the twenties should be considered not only as an attempt to stimulate a “catch up growth,” but rather as an anticipation of some essential problems discussed in the contemporary social epistemology. The early Soviet government had a very particular vision of “social engineering” that was both utopian and extremely pragmatic. The Soviet Union was considered as the first truly “scientific state,” based on the idea that the historical development could be accelerated due to a party lead popular mobilization. The result of this conviction was the policy of “state-sponsored evolutionism” that created a high demand for the experts in all fields of knowledge. First, it focuses on the dualism of scientific institutions in the twenties when the “old” Academy of Sciences composed of the scientists formed under the Old Regime was disputing the role of the leading research institution with the newly created Communist Academy. This period could be described as the era of “New Scientific Policy” or some kind of “primitive accumulation” of the expert knowledge. Later it explores another dualism that existed since the creation of the Soviet Union: it consisted of the opposition between two rival projects of state building. The first one was promoted by State Planning Committee (Gosplan) and made an emphasis on the administrative division based on economical basis, the second one was a project of People’s Commissariat of Nationalities (Narkomnats), that proposed a creation of multiple soviet “national states” based on the principle of self-determination. Both projects required a large amount of data in various fields of knowledge and promoted a creation of new research institutions and favored the pioneering study in both central economy planning and social engineering. The aim of this article is to place the soviet experience in the comparative perspective, claiming that the communist modernization should be analyzed in the context of elaboration, in Foucault’s terms, of new “governmental technologies” which are supposed to be the products of new research institutions directly or indirectly influenced by a modern state.

New Talent: (Small 36/2016)

SmallVolume 12, Issue 36 p. 5100-5100 Back CoverFree Access New Talent: (Small 36/2016) First published: 22 September 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201670185AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Graphical Abstract SINANO celebrates its 10th anniversary with this special issue in Small. In the past 10 years, SINANO has built up a talented group of faculties and staff, who have established today's SINANO as one of China's leading research institutions in nanoscience and technology, with a great international reputation. For its bright future, SINANO welcome talented young scholars to join SINANO and start their academic careers. Volume12, Issue36Special Issue: SINANO 10th AnniversarySeptember 28, 2016Pages 5100-5100 RelatedInformation

The new instantaneity: how social media are helping us privilege the (politically) correct over the true

The recent sacking of the eminent scientist Tim Hunt from one of the United Kingdom’s leading research institutions is only the latest in a series of cases where public individuals have been derided for comments made in jest on social media, with serious consequences for their professional and personal lives. This article discusses the case of Tim Hunt as an example of the extent to which the privileging of the correct over the true which has long pervaded media discourse is taken to the extreme by the instant-response culture of social media. It points to the emergence of a new form of instantaneity enabled by these networked forms of communication that serves to reinforce systemic inaction rather than the change widely associated with these technologies. It draws on philosophy and critical theory as useful conceptual frameworks for highlighting the ways in which Twitter and co. increasingly call us to action but crowd out thought, thereby passing over opportunities for real social change.

Institutional core facilities: prerequisite for breakthroughs in the life sciences: Core facilities play an increasingly important role in biomedical research by providing scientists access to sophisticated technology and expertise.

Scientific progress often goes hand in hand with technological advances and interdisciplinary research. Major breakthroughs in the life sciences, such as the deciphering of whole genomes, stem cell therapy or precision medicine, are the result of both new technologies and joint efforts of biologists, physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists. Moreover, each of these accomplishments would not be possible without support infrastructures that provide specific technologies and expertise. Such high‐end research infrastructures, which are often consolidated as core facilities, have helped to foster a collaborative research environment that is crucial for competitive interdisciplinary science and have become an integral part of life science research. The current third biomedical (r)evolution, manifested by the ever increasing speed of technological innovations, means that an individual researcher can no longer afford and master all state‐of‐the‐art techniques. In the current life sciences ecosystem, core facilities are essential and the only means of providing cutting‐edge technologies and expertise in an affordable manner. Based on our experience operating core facilities, we would like to go even further and take the core facility concept beyond single institutions towards institutional alliances. Providing and maintaining all technologies necessary for the interdisciplinary approaches employed by scientists at leading research institutes have become difficult to impossible at the institutional level. Research projects become more technologically challenging and more expensive. At the same time, technologies turn over ever faster, which imposes a financial burden on the institute and creates a need to find expert scientists to implement, run, improve and adjust those technologies to researchers’ needs. An institute has to focus on a few areas in which it will strive to be at the cutting edge and commit a continuous investment in order to stay there, but it also needs to guarantee access to other technological platforms that cannot be provided in‐house. With this …