Leadership Style Questionnaire Research Articles

Leadership Style and Work Performance among Security Officers of Narcotic Addiction Recovery Centre, Malaysia

This study explores on leadership style and work performance among the security officers of the Narcotic Addiction Recovery Center (NARC). This research uses quantitative methods with the distribution of questionnaires to the officers in NARC. The study employs research tools on the Leadership Style Questionnaire (LSQ) by Northouse (2015) for the independent variable and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) by Koopmans (2014) for the dependent variable. A total of 89 respondents were involved in this study. The reliability analysis was conducted on the leadership style had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.819. Meanwhile, the work performance had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.726. The results of this study found that there is a significant relationship between leadership style and work performance among NARC officers where the correlation value (r=0.426, p=0.000).

Senior Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance in Katsina Zonal Education Quality Assurance of Katsina State, Nigeria

This study explored how Katsina State Zonal Education Quality Assurance principals' leadership styles effect student achievement. The study revealed that principals must involve all stakeholders in school decisions. Simple random sampling was used in this investigation. The study included 19 principals and 114 instructors. Data was collected using the principals leadership style questionnaire (PLSQ) and students' previous test questions. Mean, standard deviation, and related sample t-test were employed to answer research questions and test hypotheses at 0.05 significance. The study found that democratic leadership affects SSCE performance more than other approaches. At the end, it is suggested for the state education ministries to establish workshops to train principals on successful leadership styles. Similarly, principals should use democratic leadership approaches that involve the entire school community in decision-making. Furthermore, school principals should adopt transformational leadership, involving individual involvement in decision-making. Finally, there is need to address academic deficits through regular meetings between principals, teachers, and students. Keywords: School, Students, Academic Performance, Education, Quality Assurance and Nigeria

Middle-Level Leadership Style and the Effects of Stress among Nurses in Primary Health Care, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Nursing is an important profession in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with nurses comprising more than 80% of the individuals providing health care services, which will increase by 2030. Therefore, developing and maintaining effective nursing leadership is critical to achieving organizational goals and maintaining quality of care despite the challenging healthcare environment. Methods: The data were collected through the distribution of two tools, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, as a tool to evaluate stress, and the Leadership Style Questionnaire, among 204 nurse workforce members and 57 middle-level nurse managers who belong to Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study used a cross-sectional survey design and descriptive correlation analysis. Results: The study indicated associations of age, nationality, and years of working experience as demographic characteristics with the level of stress experienced by the participants. No association was found between demographic characteristics and depression. Moreover, the study illustrated that middle-level leaders show different leadership styles. The findings also indicated an association between years of working experience and a democratic leadership style. In conclusion, no single leadership style is appropriate for every leader in every situation. Demographic characteristics such as age, nationality, and years of working experience showed associations with the level of stress experienced by the nurse workforce. However, they had no association with depression. Conclusion and Recommendation: Investigating the key reasons for the development of stress and depression in nursing staff is crucial. Accordingly, nurses must have opportunities to voice their complaints and ideas about improving the work environment. Educating nurse managers and head nurses about the different styles of leadership; and, how they should select suitable managerial aspects to fit the situation is also important. Further investigations are indicated to explore what triggers stress and depression among the nursing workforce.

Estimation of Psychometric Properties of Leadership Style Questionnaire at Higher Education

This study aimed to validate the Even & David-Hadar (2021) leadership style questionnaire for assessing head leadership in the context of Indian higher education. The three-factor structure (transformational, transactional, laissez-faire) was tested with data from 400 university teachers across science, engineering, humanities, and social sciences from both public and private institutions in Punjab.
 Purposive random sampling was employed in two separate studies (n=200 each). Study 1 utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reveal three dimensions explaining 65.46% of the variance, with good internal consistency (>0.80). Study 2 confirmed these findings through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), demonstrating moderate goodness of fit (CMIN/DF=2.114, GFI=0.89, TLI=0.92, CFI=0.93, RMSEA=0.074).
 These results support the validity and reliability of the adapted questionnaire for measuring leadership styles in Punjab higher education. This 15-item, three-dimensional scale can be valuable for addressing behavioral and management issues among university teachers.

Investigating the relationship between the leadership style of school principals and the job satisfaction and conscientiousness of primary school teachers

Background and purpose: The leadership styles of school principals, according to their approach to teachers, are effective in the growth of creativity or its reduction. This research was conducted to explain the relationship between the leadership style of school principals and the job satisfaction and conscientiousness of primary school teachers. Methodology: The research design was descriptive and correlational. The research's statistical population included all teachers and principals of the elementary school in Shahrood city in the academic year of 2014-2016. The statistical sample of this research was selected and studied by a simple random sampling method of 120 teachers. Leadership style Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Work Conscientiousness Questionnaire were used to collect data. After collecting and extracting data, participants' scores were analyzed using Pearson's correlation and multivariate regression using statistical software (SPSS). Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between the leadership style score with job satisfaction and work engagement at the level of 0.001. Also, there is a positive correlation between humanistic leadership style and job satisfaction at the level of 0.001 and work conscientiousness at the level of 0.05. The table results showed a positive correlation between conscientious leadership style with job satisfaction and conscientiousness at the level of 0.01. The leadership style of humanistic management, with a beta coefficient of 0.82, and task-oriented management, with a beta coefficient of 0.36, could predict work conscientiousness in teachers. Moreover, the humanistic management leadership style with a beta coefficient of 0.15 and the duty-oriented management leadership style with a beta coefficient of 0.46 could predict teacher job satisfaction. Conclusion: Planning training courses related to improving transformational leadership skills for school staff, especially managers and teachers, is an inevitable necessity for the success and excellence of the school. Effective leadership requires the use of both transformational and exchange leadership styles. Therefore, while creating the necessary conditions and space for teachers' internal motivation and self-efficacy, school administrators should also pay attention to external incentives and rewards.

Relationship between authentic leadership style and staff nurse’s loyalty

Background Nowadays, achievement of staff nurse’s loyalty is a critical problem that worries health organization and head nurses. Several ways are proposed to solve this problem, through improving leadership styles, especially authentic style. Aim To assess the relationship between authentic leadership style and staff nurse’s loyalty. Design A descriptive correlational design was used. Setting The study was conducted at New Kasr El-Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt. Patients A convenient sample of 200 staff nurses was selected to participate in the study. Tools Two tools were used: (a) staff nurses’ loyalty questionnaire and (b) authentic leadership style questionnaire. Results The current study revealed that staff nurses’ perception of the authentic leadership style levels showed low level (48%) among their leaders, and nearly half (49.05%) of staff nurses had low loyalty level. In addition, the current study revealed that there was a statistically significance correlation between authentic leadership styles and loyalty (P<0.05). Conclusion The study concluded that there was a statistically significant correlation between head nurses’ authentic leadership styles and staff nurse’s loyalty. Recommendations A strategic plan should be created by hospital management to increase nurses’ loyalty. Hospital administrators should select head nurses based on pre-requisite criteria not only based on their years of experience, on their capabilities as a leaders to lead others in their job, and on their level of goal achievement as a leader.

Educational Leadership Styles and its Relationship to Job Engagement in Secondary Schools in East Jerusalem schools from School teachers perspective

هدف الدراسة: هدفت الدراسة التعرف على أنماط القيادة التربوية، وعلاقتها بواقع الانغماس الوظيفي في المرحلة الثانوية بمدارس شرقي القدس من وجهة نظر معلميها. منهجية البحث: اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتم استخدام أداتين؛ الأولى لدراسة الأنماط القيادية، والثانية لدراسة أبعاد الانغماس الوظيفي، وبعد التأكد من صدقهما وثباتهما، تم تطبيقهما على عيّنة عشوائية بسيطة تكونت من (224) معلمًا ومعلمة من (8) مدارس ثانوية بشرقي القدس. نتائج الدراسة: وقد أظهرت النتائج أن واقع ممارسة أنماط القيادة التربوية قد جاء بدرجة متوسطة، فاحتل النمط القيادي الترسلي المركز الأول، يليه النمط الأوتوقراطي، وأخيراً النمط الديموقراطي، وجاء واقع الانغماس الوظيفي بدرجة متوسطة، فاحتل بُعد الإخلاص والتفاني المركز الأول، يليه بُعد النشاط، وأخيرا بُعد الانهماك، وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود علاقة طردية دالة بين الانغماس الوظيفي والنمط الديموقراطي، وعلاقة عكسية بين الانغماس الوظيفي، وكل من نمط القيادة الترسلي ونمط القيادة الأوتوقراطي. التوصيات: أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز الانغماس الوظيفي وتعزيز النمط القيادي الديموقراطي

Efektivitas Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Kinerja dan Prestasi Sekolah Dasar

The principal is an educational leader at the micro-level who carries out management functions, including planning, organizing, mobilizing, and controlling. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the effectiveness of the principal's leadership style in elementary schools (2) to analyze the effectiveness of the principal's leadership style in improving school performance in elementary schools. (3) Analyzing the effectiveness of the principal's leadership style in improving school achievement in elementary schools. The research method used is the survey method. The research subjects were supervisors, principals, and teachers in the Korwilcam Dindik Timur Purwokerto environment, totaling 60 people consisting of 3 supervisors, 15 principals, and 42 classroom teachers. The research instrument is a leadership style questionnaire, school performance, and school achievement planning. The results showed that the principal's leadership style affected performance and achievement in the primary school Korwilcam Dindik Purwokerto Timur by 23.2% (school performance) and 36.2% (school achievement).

The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Organizational Entrepreneurship in the Staff Managers of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Background: Today, the success of organizations depends on creativity, innovation and entrepreneurship. One of the appropriate tools for the growth of organizational entrepreneurship is an appropriate leadership style tailored to the concepts of entrepreneurship in the organization. This study aimed to examine the relationship between leadership style and organizational entrepreneurship in the staff managers of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences in 2019.
 Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. All the staff managers (n= 85) of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences were approached to participate in the study. Sampling was conducted using the census method. Sixty participants completed the questionnaire. Data were collected using two questionnaires: 1) the leadership style questionnaire, Clark and 2) the organizational entrepreneurship questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 descriptive statistics (e.g. frequency, percent, mean ± Standard Deviation (SD)), and statistical tests including t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient.
 Results: The mean ± SD of organizational entrepreneurship in staff managers was estimated at 3.18 ± 0.66. The highest type of leadership among managers was related to participative leadership with 3.90 ± 0.51. There was a direction and significant association between autocratic leadership style and organizational entrepreneurship (r = 0.30, P-value = 0.01). In contrast, no significant association was found between participative leadership and organizational entrepreneurship (P-value = 0.05) and between laissez-faire leadership style and organizational entrepreneurship (P-value = 0.62).
 Conclusion: Having a leadership style tailored to the business environment makes the organization an entrepreneurial organization. In order to have an entrepreneurial organization, some measures must be taken so that managers can adopt appropriate leadership styles to provide the necessary environment for creating a successful organization and the presence of creative and entrepreneurial people in the organization.

Investigating the Relationship between Leadership Styles and Positive Organizational Behavior and Stress of COVID 19

Background: Leadership style is a specific behavioral pattern that is constantly manifested during organizational work and others recognize that person. This study investigated the relationship between leadership styles and positive organizational behavior and stress of COVID-19 in the staff of Shahrekord Health Centers in 2021.
 Methods: This research was an applied descriptive correlational study. The sample included 148 people from the staff of Shahrekord health centers in 2021. The participants were selected randomly. The tools used in this research were three questionnaires: Likert leadership style questionnaire, Lutans positive attitude organizational behavior questionnaire, and COVID-19 stress questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS20 using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test.
 Results: According to the results, the majority of participants were in the age range of 30 to 35 years, the mean score of leadership style was 86.75 that was high. The mean score of positive organizational behavior was 79.23 that was high, and the mean score of stress of COVID19 was 7.23 that was low. The mean score of leadership style in all cases was positively and significantly correlated with the score of positive organizational behavior (r=0.322, P<0.001) and inversely correlated with the score of stress of COVID-19 (r=-0.314, P<0.001). Also, the mean score of positive organizational behavior was inversely correlated to the score of stress of COVID19 (r=-0.374, P<0.001).
 Conclusion: Positive organizational behavior was at a high level in the staff of Shahrekord health centers during the Corona pandemic. The participatory leadership style was more considered, and had a negative relationship with the stress of Covid-19. Therefore, it seems that it will be possible to establish a correct management style and positive organizational behavior by reducing the stress of Covid-19.

Transformational, Transactional, Laissez-faire Leadership Styles and Employee Engagement: Evidence From Vietnam’s Public Sector

Leadership style is considered one of the critical factors in employee engagement with the leader, the organization, and the organization’s success. So far, there have been studies on the relationship between leadership style and employee engagement. However, there has been no research on the relationship between leadership style and the engagement of civil servants in Vietnam’s provincial public sector, which is a gap that needs to be researched. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between three leadership styles, namely transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and laissez-faire leadership concerning engagement to work and performance of public sector employees, and at the same time determines the relationship of leadership styles with demographic variables and with employee engagement in the Vietnamese public sector. The study data were collected from a convenient sample of leaders from the departmental level to the board of directors, and the survey sample was also collected from employees in state agencies who were feedback by answering questionnaires at a time. A total of 325 people, who are leaders and civil servants in the provincial public sector in Vietnam, responded. SPSS statistical software version 26.0 was used to process the data obtained through surveying the opinions of respondents in the leadership style questionnaire and the employee participation questionnaire. The results of the analysis show that leadership styles are closely related to employee engagement. The study also discovered that the level of an employee’s engagement to work depends largely on leadership style. Recommendations are made when a leader practices the right leadership style to increase employee engagement and vice versa.

Machiavellianism and task-orientated leadership: moderating effect of job autonomy

Despite the negative connotation of Machiavellianism, Machs are found in all kinds of organization and at almost all levels. How they function in organizations is worth examining. The present study explored the relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-Oriented Leadership. Job autonomy was also hypothesized as a moderator, impacting the relationship between the two variables. The sample for the study comprised of middle level managers working for different organizations in and around National Capital Region, Delhi, India. Machiavellian Personality scale (MPS), Task oriented Leadership style questionnaire, and Work autonomy scale were used to collect data. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS V-21 and Process Hayes macros. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-oriented leadership. Also, the relationship between the two constructs was moderated by high and average level of job autonomy.

Influence of Leadership Style on Tutor Job Satisfaction of Primary Teachers Training Colleges in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya

Leadership seems to be the number one factor in determining the success or failure of organizations globally. In primary teachers’ colleges, principals have the mandate to dispense leadership function. The purpose of this study was to investigate empirically the influence of principals’ leadership styles on tutor job satisfaction of primary teachers training colleges in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya. The independent variable wasleadership styles, namely laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles. On the other hand, the dependent variable was tutor job satisfaction. The study employed a mixed method approach. The target population for this study included all the 245 tutors and 9 principals in the selected 5 public and 4 private primary teachers training colleges in the Lake Region of Kenya. The study sample was 225 tutors and all the nine principals. Leadership styles were measured using the adapted version of the Multi-factor Leadership Style Questionnaire. Questionnaires, observations and interviews were the instruments for data collection. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale while semi-structured questions were used in the interviews. The analysis of quantitative data was carried out using SPSS version 20, while qualitative data was analyzed using Microsoft word. Leadership styles were determined by examining their frequencies, means, standard deviations, percentages. The influence of leadership styles on job satisfaction was examined using regressions. The study found that laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles were less exhibited by principals of PTTCs in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya. Laissez faire leadership style was least exhibited. The study also revealed that both laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles negatively influenced the organizational climate of PTTCs.

The Impact of Acculturation on the Leadership Style of Afghan American Registered Nurses Working in the United States’ Healthcare System

The impact of acculturation on leadership style is an important topic for the global community, especially during stressful years of the Covid-19 pandemic. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive-correlational design using primary retrospective data was employed in this study. We used established instruments such as the Acculturation Rating Scale Questionnaire and the Leadership Style Questionnaire (LSQ) with 172 working adult respondents in the U.S. Health System as registered nurses. The results showed that Afghan male and female nurses tended to identify with the Afghan culture or the American culture, not both. Afghan male nurses’ relationship-oriented leadership was related to both Afghan and (more weakly) American acculturation (the more acculturation, the more relationship orientation).

Influence of Leadership Style on Organizational Performance of Primary Teachers Training Colleges in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate empirically the influence of principals’ leadership styles on the organizational performance of primary teachers training colleges in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya. Independent variables comprised Laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles, while the dependent variable was organizational performance. The study employed a quantitative method approach with questionnaires as the instruments for data collection. The target population for this study was 245 tutors and 9 principals in the 5 public and 4 private primary teachers training colleges. The study sample was 225 tutors and the 9 principals. Leadership styles were measured using the adapted version of the Multi-factor Leadership Style Questionnaire. The study found that both Laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles were less exhibited by principals of PTTCs in Lake Victoria Region of Kenya. Laissez faire leadership style was least exhibited. The study also revealed that both Laissez faire and autocratic leadership styles negatively influenced the organizational performance of PTTCs. Lastly demographic characteristics did not have statistically significant influence on organizational performance of PTTCs in the Lake Victoria Region of Kenya.

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

This study investigated impact of transformational leadership style on students’ academic achievement in English language Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. Based on the purpose of the study, one research question guided the study. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised all 18 Principals and 1, 267 SS2 students. The instruments used for data collection were transformational leadership style questionnaire adapted and developed by Leithwood and Jantzi (1999) and English language Achievement Test (ELAT). The validity of the instruments was done by two experts in Measurement and Evaluation and one expert in Educational Foundation and Administration. The reliability of the instruments was 0.93 and 0.90, determined using Cronbach Alpha and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) statistics. Data collected were analyzed using correlations. Thus, it concludes that, transformational leadership styles have positive relationship with student’s academic achievement.

Dimensions of Identification in the Workgroup and Employees’ Contributions to Collaborative Activities

The aim of this research is to find out connections of identifications with the work group (group identification), informal subgroups (micro-group identification), and other members in the work group (interpersonal identification), considering cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, with an employee’s contribution to cooperative activities. The sample includes 302 fellows of 35 workgroups in Russian commercial companies and public organizations. Empirical data were collected with the Questionnaire of Interpersonal Identification, the Questionnaire of Micro-group and Group Identification, and the Collaborative Group Activity Scale from the Leadership, Contribution, and Interpersonal Style Questionnaire. All the tools were assembled into the computer-based assessment program “Group Profile” (GP) to conduct the survey individually on PC. It was found that all three dimensions of group identification and affective measures of interpersonal and micro-group identification predict individual contribution to collaborative activities in groups. Employee involvement in the informal subgroup within the work group mediates relations between identification dimensions at different levels and contribution to collaborative activities. The ties of additional characteristics (gender, age, tenure with the organization) with cooperative activities have been described. The multivariate model of identification makes it possible to extend the research scope and enhance the understanding of causes and effects of employee identification in the group.

Perceived Impact of Democratic Leadership Style of Principals on Students’ Academic Achievement

This study investigated how principals’ democratic leadership style impacted on students’ academic achievement. The study was guided by three research questions and one null hypothesis. The design of the study was correlational research design. A total of 6,900 students formed the population for the study. Similarly, a total of 345 SSII students representing 10% of the population was the sample for the study. The students’ academic achievement was determined using their third term English Language results as collected from the sample schools while “Democratic Leadership Style Questionnaire” (DLSQ), developed by the researcher was used in collecting data on the principals’ democratic leadership style. DLSQ was duly validated by three experts. Its reliability was also established. The Cronbach alpha was used and reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained. The researcher used on-the-spot approach to collect data for the study. The data were analyzed using range of scores and Pearson’s Product Moment. Findings indicate that Principals’ democratic leadership style has significant impact on students’ achievements scores

How do the principals' democratic leadership styles contribute to teacher performance?

One factor influencing teacher performance is the principal’s leadership style. For this reason, this study aims to analyze how the contribution of the principal’s democratic leadership style to teacher performance. The research method used is a quantitative non-experimental method which is correlational. The research sample is 86 elementary school teachers. Research data were collected using two instruments, the teacher’s performance questionnaire, and the democratic leadership style questionnaire. Data analysis techniques using product-moment correlation to see the significant relationship on each variable. The results showed there was a significant relationship between democratic leadership styles and teacher performance, so it can be concluded that democratic leadership styles contribute to teacher performance.

Situational Leadership as View by Nurses in Government and Private Hospitals

Background:Leadership as an indicator of the quality of human resources is a very determining factor in the success of an organization such as a hospital. Leadership style depends also on the maturity of individuals or groups as followers. Purpose:The purpose of this study was to exploresituational leadership of head nurse as viewed by nursesin government and private hospitals.this study uses descriptive research method with cross-sectional approach. The time of the study will begin in May 2019 until June 2019. The instrument used in this study was the leadership style questionnaire model of Harsey and Blanchard.Results:The leadership style of head nurse in the majority government hospitals is delegate (38.5%) and followed by the leadership style of consultation (38.5%), participation (18.5%) and at least instruction (13.8%). The leadership style of head nurses in private hospitals is also almost the same as government hospitals where the majority of implementing nurses rate the room head in the delegate style (48%), which is followed by the leadership style of consultation (23%), participation (20%) and most the least is the leadership style of instruction (9%).Conclusion:The leadership style of head nurse both government and private hospitals iwas dominated by delegation and consultation.