Leadership Role Research Articles

The Role of Leadership in Improving Employee Competence (Case Study at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk. Serpong Unit - South Tangerang City)

This study aims to analyze the role of leadership in improving employee competency at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk. Serpong Unit, South Tangerang City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk. Serpong Unit to explore the role of leadership in improving employee competency through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation studies. Data were collected, analyzed with data reduction, and presented in narrative form and a conceptual model to understand the relationship between leadership and employee competency development. Data validity and reliability were guaranteed through triangulation and member checks, ensuring strong and accurate conclusions regarding the contribution of leaders to HR development. The results of this work show that leadership plays an important role in improving employee competency at PT. Surya Toto Indonesia, Tbk., but challenges such as lack of training, non-innovative leadership styles, poor communication, and minimal appreciation are major obstacles. Transactional leadership styles that focus on short-term results hinder employee development as a whole. To remain competitive, companies must adopt transformational leadership and provide full support for employee competency development through ongoing training. Competent employees will be better prepared to face industry changes and drive company growth.

Explaining organizational commitment and job satisfaction: the role of leadership and seniority

Effective leaders increase organizational success. The Leadership Efficacy Model suggests that leaders’ efficacy increases when leaders are perceived as congruent; that is, when employees perceive the leader to do (practical cycle of leadership) what s/he says will (conceptual cycle of leadership) and there is a close match between what employees expect from leaders and what leaders display. This recent theoretical framework also acknowledges that a number of factors can interfere with the relationship between leadership cycle congruence and leadership efficacy. Such antecedent factors include group members’ characteristics (e.g., organizational seniority). This study aimed to test the assumption that leadership cycles congruence positively predicts leadership efficacy (measured by organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and that this relationship is moderated by employees’ seniority. 318 employees (55% male, with an average seniority of 8 years) completed a questionnaire assessing leadership cycles, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. Path analysis results showed that the higher leadership cycles congruence, the higher employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Furthermore, the relationship between leadership cycle congruence and organizational commitment was stronger for more senior members of the organization (but not for job satisfaction). The results highlight the importance of leaders act in a congruent manner with their ideas and of meeting employees’ needs. Moreover, it shows that senior members of the organization are particularly sensitive to leadership congruency.

Leading with AI in critical care nursing: challenges, opportunities, and the human factor

IntroductionThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in intensive care units (ICUs) presents both opportunities and challenges for critical care nurses. This study delves into the human factor, exploring how nurses with leadership roles perceive the impact of AI on their professional practice.ObjectiveTo investigate how nurses perceive the impact of AI on their professional identity, ethical considerations surrounding its use, and the shared meanings they attribute to trust, collaboration, and communication when working with AI systems.MethodsAn interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to capture the lived experiences of critical care nurses leading with AI. Ten nurses with leadership roles in various ICU specializations were interviewed through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews explored nurses’ experiences with AI, challenges, and opportunities. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes related to the human factor in leading with AI.FindingsThematic analysis revealed two key themes which are leading with AI: making sense of challenges and opportunities and the human factor in leading with AI. The two main themes have six subthemes which revealed that AI offered benefits like task automation, but concerns existed about overreliance and the need for ongoing training. New challenges emerged, including adapting to new workflows and managing potential bias. Clear communication and collaboration were crucial for successful AI integration. Building trust in AI hinged on transparency, and collaboration allowed nurses to focus on human-centered care while AI supported data analysis. Ethical considerations included maintaining patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions.ConclusionWhile AI presents opportunities for automation and data analysis, successful integration hinges on addressing concerns about overreliance, workflow adaptation, and potential bias. Building trust and fostering collaboration are fundamentals for AI integration. Transparency in AI systems allows nurses to confidently delegate tasks, while collaboration empowers them to focus on human-centered care with AI support. Ultimately, dealing with the ethical concerns of AI in ICU care requires prioritizing patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions.

Impact of leadership skills on the success of large and medium construction projects management in Yemen

Large and medium construction projects in Yemen often face budget and timeline overruns. While technical aspects are heavily focused on, the importance of leadership skills in project teams is often overlooked. This study aims to identify the impact of leadership skills on the success of these projects. A questionnaire was distributed to engineers working in both governmental and non-governmental institutions and organizations, with projects costing above $100,000. Out of the 385 questionnaires distributed, 340 responses were collected, and 246 valid responses were used for analysis. The findings indicate a strong correlation between leadership skills and project success, highlighting the significant role of effective leadership in guiding construction projects. Specific skills such as team management, problem-solving, prioritization, planning, decision making, conflict management, communication, and fostering team spirit are crucial in Yemen’s construction sector. Recommendations include the development of leadership skills programs, emphasis on collaborative team management, integration of experiential learning in education, continuous professional development, and research initiatives. These insights aim to enhance the resilience and success of construction projects in Yemen and provide valuable guidance to project managers, policymakers, and stakeholders in the sector.

A Comparative Analysis of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance in the Airline Industry

Background The 21st century has witnessed several changes in the airline industry, owing to many factors, including the leadership styles adopted. Recently, there have been many successful and unsuccessful airlines (Zhang, 2017) attributed to different leadership styles that have significantly impacted organizational performance in the airline industry (Kamisan and King, 2013). This is because of its impact on employees' satisfaction (Asrar-ul-Haqa and Kuchinkeb, 2016) and the organization's ability to outperform others within the industry (Anderson and Birrer, 2011). However, Madanchain et al. (2016) argued that for organizations to remain viable through compelling performances, employee satisfaction, competitive advantage, and the role of leadership remains critical. As a result, Nanjundeswaraswamy and Swamy (2014) lamented the need for further studies to understand how leadership influenced organizational performance in the airline industry. As such, this study embarked on a study to underpin leadership's impact on organizational performance using Southwest and Malaysia Airlines and to recommend the best leadership style for airlines. D. Rationale This research was undertaken with three rationales. Firstly, the literature on the importance of leadership on organizational performances in the airline industry should be enhanced, focusing on Southwest and Malaysia Airlines models. Secondly, the study will identify and link the effects of transactional and transformational leadership styles on organizational performance using the two airlines. Finally, it will recommend the best leadership style for airlines based on the research conducted on the two aforementioned internationally recognized airlines.

Leadership in Public Sector Interorganizational Networks: A Synthesis of the Literature and Propositions Based on a Multiple Case Study

Abstract Previous studies characterize public sector interorganizational networks as sets of horizontal relationships between autonomous organizations. Due to these horizontal relationships, networks seemingly offer a promising context for leadership beyond hierarchical tools of coordination as prevalent in individual, hierarchical organizations. However, despite the promising role of leadership in public sector networks, as yet no conceptualization of the functioning of leadership within this context has been developed. This is mainly due to the current disconnect between various branches of scholarly literature on collaborative governance, network management, and leadership. Based on a synthesis of the literature and an empirical investigation of three public sector networks in The Netherlands, this study aims to fill this gap by providing a conceptual framework of leadership in public sector interorganizational networks constituting the types, distribution, and directions of leadership behaviors and the formulation of four theoretical propositions that relate these behaviors to network context.

Where Did the Global Elite Go to School? Hierarchy, Harvard, Home and Hegemony

ABSTRACTWe examine the educational backgrounds of the global elite, using new data on a diversity of organizational leadership roles as well as the population of the super‐rich across the world. Four trends emerge when examining the university education of the global elite. First, we find a small number of globally prestigious universities to take on super prominent roles, suggesting a strongly hierarchical distribution of credentials among the global elite. Second, we find a consistent and unique place for Harvard University within this system. Third, we find evidence for a significant yet variable ‘home‐bias’ in the education of the global elite. This is moderated by the fourth regularity, the hegemony of Anglo‐American credentials. These four global regularities can enhance ongoing research on global elite populations. Our findings are robust to both the removal of all American elites in the sample, to dynamic stratified sampling of the network boundary and to disaggregating the sample into different elite roles. The analysis of this article is the first of its kind to offer a large‐scale descriptive mapping of central tendencies in global elite university education.

Investigating Leadership: Reflections on the methodological choices used to research how allied health clinicians are enabled to step into health systems leadership roles

This article examines the methodological choices made for a research study into Health Systems Leadership. Reflections on key learnings are provided as a way of offering insight for researchers navigating these decisions for the first time. Embarking on qualitative research to effect change is purposeful but challenging; choosing the most appropriate methodology and methods can often be confounding and stressful for new researchers. This article explores the decision to use Interpretive Descriptive methodology with an Appreciative Inquiry lens and makes visible decision junctures in the development of this research. Literature provides a wealth of expert guidance and excellent insights into research methodology and methods. However, very little expounds on the learnings of those who have gone before and what their insights and learnings may be. Research into allied health clinicians and their journey into health systems leadership roles provides an opportunity to reflect on an applied research journey.

Adaptive Leadership for Multilevel Resilience in the Context of Disruptions

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience: individual, team, and organizational. Developing multilevel resilience enables organizations to better anticipate conflicts and respond to environmental disruptions. Through correlation and regression analysis based on 148 respondents from companies in Russia, we build the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience, unpacking the new role of leadership in shaping managerial responses to contextual change. The results suggest that adaptive leadership can positively influence all three levels of resilience, with adaptive leadership having the most significant impact on team resilience, then organizational resilience, leaving employee resilience behind. Such findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how exactly managerial mechanisms should be redesigned to overcome disruptions and develop leadership capabilities.

Development of the Joint Expeditionary Medical Officer.

The Uniformed Services University is known for its dual mission of preparing military medical officers for operational readiness and leadership roles. The Joint Expeditionary Medical Officer (JEMO) project is a novel internal program that was initiated in 2022 and aims to fortify and evaluate the essential Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) within the School of Medicine's Molecules to Military Medicine curriculum that are pivotal for the development of a deployment-ready military medical officer. The JEMO-KSA program identifies and deliberately develops a core set of mission-critical skills during the course of students' undergraduate medical education. This helps ensure that Uniformed Services University graduates attain a strong foundational level of operational readiness across various military medical domains. Currently, 371 distinct KSAs have been integrated into the curriculum, with over 86% being assessed at different time frames. Over time, our goal is to present individual students with a customized JEMO "report card" depicting their readiness level; a document that could be updated and expanded throughout their military medical career. The JEMO project represents a significant stride toward optimizing the readiness of military medical officers by systematically identifying, strengthening, and assessing vital operational skills and abilities. With an ongoing commitment to excellence, the project envisages creating an even more robustly structured curriculum that is continually refined to address current operational readiness, setting a new standard for military medical education. While challenges such as accurately measuring the impact of integrated KSAs and continuously updating them to meet evolving military needs remain, the forward momentum associated with the JEMO project will help facilitate the development of military medical officers who have the KSAs to actively support mission success while simultaneously enhancing the overall effectiveness of military health care.

Strategic Execution Drivers on Performance of Private Hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya.

This study assess the influence of strategic execution drivers, specifically strategic leadership and resource allocation, on the performance of private hospitals in Nairobi County, Kenya. Strategy formulation often succeeds, but execution presents significant challenges, particularly in converting plans into successful outcomes. The research highlights the critical role of strategic leadership in shaping organizational culture, decision-making, and employee engagement, while resource allocation directly impacts hospitals' capacity to deliver quality healthcare and achieve operational efficiency. As Nairobi’s healthcare sector grows and competition intensifies, private hospitals must excel in strategy execution to maintain competitiveness. Despite their focus on clinical care, many hospitals face gaps in implementing strategic management, leading to performance deficiencies. Using Transformational Leadership Theory and the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study explores how effective leadership and resource management drive operational success. The research employed a descriptive design, targeting key decision-makers across 62 private hospitals. Results from the analysis indicate that both strategic leadership and resource allocation play a significant role in shaping hospital performance, with correlations of 0.70 and 0.80, respectively. Findings suggest that private hospitals in Nairobi must prioritize aligning leadership and resource strategies to improve performance, meet operational goals, and enhance patient outcomes in an increasingly competitive environment

The Important Role of Human Resource Management Practices, Worker Motivation, Leadership, Work Commitment, and Employee Performance

The performance of a company can be seen from the performance of the human resources in it. Employee performance can be influenced by several supporting factors such as employee motivation, leadership, human resource management practice, and work commitment. This study aims to examine how human resource management practice, employee motivation and leadership impact employee performance with work commit-ment as an intervening variable. This research includes quantitative descriptive research using a questionnaire as a tool to collect data. The number of respondents in this study was 435 using purposive sampling method. Analysis using PLS with a predetermined research method to get the results of the study. Based on the test results obtained, HRMP has a positive effect on work commitment. Leadership, work commitment and work motivation have a positive effect on employee performance. HRMP has a positive effect on employee performance mediated by work commitment. Based on the results of existing research, it is necessary to conduct further research on other sectors other than the technology industry because this sector is quite different from other sectors.

A Study of Aviatrixes Holding Leadership Roles in the Historical Phases of Aeronautics

A Study of Aviatrixes Holding Leadership Roles in the Historical Phases of Aeronautics

Relationships between women in leadership at predoctoral and senior administration levels in United States dental schools.

To determine the relationship between woman leadership at senior administrative and predoctoral levels in United States (US) dental schools and assess if this relationship is affected by school characteristics. A 23-question survey was created and distributed to each US accredited dental school (2023). Data regarding the gender of the school's dean, senior administrators, and student leaders, as well as school characteristics were gathered. Data were organized in Excel. Descriptive statistics were performed using mean and standard deviation for continuous measures and using count and percent for categorial measures. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Fisher's Exact, or Chi-squared tests for comparison of proportions. 32 dental schools provided analyzable data for this project (44.4% response rate). The most common senior administrative position held by a woman was the dean of student affairs (71.9%). For every surveyed school with a woman dean (n=11, 34.4%), at least one other senior administrative position was held by a woman. There was no statistical significance between the year of school establishment, geographic region, gender of the dean, or prevalence of women administrators and students in leadership roles. The number of women students in leadership roles was close to the national enrollment trends for gender. Included US dental school data showed no relationship between women in leadership at the senior administrative and predoctoral levels. To keep leadership-minded students interested in dental academics throughout their careers, further studies are needed to identify the most important factors influencing careers in academic dentistry.

Leadership essential to steer success within the retail sector

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation was to determine the leadership necessary for the retail sector which is having to embrace complexity induced through accelerating changes in consumer behaviour and expanding information accessibility.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were used for across 10 disparate retail organisations deployed as case studies safeguarding all quality considerations were fully integrated.FindingsThe findings reveal brands are coping with greater complexity than before. Loyalty is eroding whilst social media increases the complexity for brands to uphold control of their image. Developing the market without sacrificing exclusivity or alienating core consumers necessitates effective leadership. The deductions revealed that despite some leadership styles seemingly more conducive, that specific qualities are more important for the retail sector.Research limitations/implicationsBy selecting ten organisations every effort was made to ensure a greater degree of credibility in the findings. It is acknowledged that this investigation is sector specific. Nonetheless, there exists considerable transferability value as the role of leadership within the retail sector can mirror expectations within other environments.Originality/valueIt was validated that leaders need to foster an organisational culture promoting continuous learning whilst introducing a consumer-first perspective across the business. The findings reinforce how specific traits, behaviours and styles are imperative amongst leaders preserving the success of the retail organisation with less focus on specific leadership styles.

Transformational Leadership and Employee Satisfaction on Employee Loyalty: The Mediating Role of Employee Engagement

Research aims: This study investigates employee loyalty among hospitality businesses despite improvements after the pandemic. It scrutinizes the influence of transformational leadership on employee satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty and assesses the mediating role of employee engagement.Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative design was implemented, and data were collected employing a questionnaire circulated to 261 employees. Then, the accumulated data was investigated using the Smart PLS 3.2.9 application.Research findings: The study highlights that transformational leadership affects employee loyalty while employee satisfaction does not. Employee engagement mediates the linkage between transformational leadership and employee satisfaction and loyalty. Employees need satisfaction to cover their turnover chances and remain loyal.Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The study expands the existing literature concerning the role of transformational leadership and job satisfaction in reinforcing employee loyalty. This type of study is infrequently due to its significant focus on performance.Practitioners/Policy Implications: Hotel business managers pay more attention to employee engagement in every activity. Accordingly, employee loyalty can be maintained, impacting hotel performance.Research Limitations/Implications: This study was performed on the four-star hotels. Consequently, these results cannot be fully implemented in different businesses. Various further elaborations are required to make it applicable to different sectors.

Industry 4.0 and Agile Project Management: Evolution of Leadership Concepts and Roles

This study examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on the concept of leadership approaches. The research aims to compare leadership theories before and after Industry 4.0, determine how leadership roles have evolved in agile project management, and identify effective leadership styles. The study employs literature review and qualitative research methods, specifically using focus group studies. Two separate focus group studies were conducted through online meetings and face-to-face sessions to thoroughly examine the approaches of executives from companies who have mature project management offices in Turkey. Data were obtained by transcribing the audio recordings of discussions during focus group sessions and comparing them with researcher notes. The study extensively examines the impacts of identified leadership styles, determined through literature review, on the management of agile project teams. Findings indicate that leadership styles such as visionary, organizing, relational, and social leadership play significant roles in agile project management. Additionally, leadership personality traits observed in each of these styles have been identified. The results underscore the need to redefine leadership approaches and highlight the effects of Industry 4.0 on project management. By linking the characteristics of leadership styles and their impacts on agile teams with the literature, the study contributes to future leadership research and practices. In this context, it emphasizes the development of technological competencies for organizations to succeed and the need for flexible and innovative organizational structures. Furthermore, it suggests that leaders in the digital transformation processes brought by Industry 4.0 should possess skills to facilitate their employees' adaptation processes. This study contributes significantly to academic literature and business by exploring leadership evolution in Industry 4.0 and redefining roles in agile project management, emphasizing ongoing focus on development and innovation in leadership.

Revolutionising the ready-made garments firms in Bangladesh: strategies for transformative change towards sustainable product innovation

ABSTRACT Ready-Made Garments (RMG) firms, particularly in developing economies such as Bangladesh, struggles to integrate sustainability into its operations and product innovation. Limited supportive policies and institutions exacerbate this challenge, hindering the industry's ability to produce high-standard and globally competitive sustainable products. Drawing on case studies of Bangladesh’s RMG firms, this qualitative paper aims to identify potential strategies and commitments to drive transformative change in the RMG firms towards sustainable product innovation. It addresses the main questions on the drivers of transformative change in sustainable product innovation, as well as firm leadership responses to sustainable development. Key findings from key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) indicate drivers and strategies for transformative change towards sustainable product innovation in five dimensions: sustainability practices, market demands, firms’ commitments and initiatives, policy and regulatory framework, and technology and innovation. The findings of the paper highlights policy insights and leadership roles that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the crucial factors and guidelines for initiating transformative changes in the RMG firms towards sustainable products. Also, a framework with insights from stakeholders is developed based on the findings to provide leadership guidance and recommendations for companies in the RMG sector and other related industries.

The political life and times of Silvio Berlusconi 1

ABSTRACT Silvio Berlusconi’s political life and legacy have left a profound and lasting imprint on Italian politics. Not only as prime minister but also as the leader of his party, he shaped at least two decades of Italian politics. With an ‘eccentric’ leadership style, Berlusconi approached the roles of party and government leadership in an entirely novel manner. This special issue on the Political Life and Times of Berlusconi deepens our understanding of his significant role in Italian political history. Each article examines a different aspect of his multifaceted leadership, and addresses the challenges of studying a figure as complex and divisive as Berlusconi, who dominated Italian politics for three decades.

Managing Crisis Overload in Israeli Higher Education: Exploring the Servant Leadership Roles of Program and Department Heads During Uncertain Times

Managing Crisis Overload in Israeli Higher Education: Exploring the Servant Leadership Roles of Program and Department Heads During Uncertain Times