Layout Analysis Research Articles

Localized layout analysis for retargeting of heterogeneous images

Heterogeneous paper documents (such as newspaper, magazine) are very common in our daily life. They are usually scanned and stored as images. Reading such images on a mobile device is very awkward, as they can only be partially displayed to ensure readability. The user needs to frequently switch among different portions of the image to read clearly. It would be very helpful if the system can automatically determine an appropriate reading area around the user’s click position and retarget the area to the whole screen. In this paper, we propose a localized layout analysis method for retargeting of heterogeneous images. Once the user clicks on a fully displayed heterogeneous image, our method can automatically extract an appropriate rectangular region and scale the region to the whole screen for reading. The region is semantically meaningful, and the content is guaranteed to be clear enough when fully displayed on the screen. The experimental results show that our method can effectively avoid those tedious scale and translation operations when reading heterogeneous images, and thus improve the user’s experience greatly.

A Case Study on the Analysis of Layout and Residence Space Planning for Continuing Care Retirement Communities(CCRCs) in United States - Focused on the Cases of CCRC in Oregon in the Western United States -

A Case Study on the Analysis of Layout and Residence Space Planning for Continuing Care Retirement Communities(CCRCs) in United States - Focused on the Cases of CCRC in Oregon in the Western United States -

Voltage THD Analysis Using Knowledge Discovery in Databases With a Decision Tree Classifier

Industrial production has evolved significantly over the last decade. For this reason, it is necessary to obtain mathematical and computational tools that enable power systems engineers to make decisions that reduce harmonic distortions in accordance with international standards. This paper presents a total harmonic distortion (THD) assessment based on full knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) using power quality (PQ) standards and computational intelligence tools. The materials and methods of THD assessment consist of load and layout analysis; choice and installation of PQ analyzers; and the application of the full KDD process, including collection, selection, cleaning, integration, transformation and reduction, mining, interpretation, and evaluation of the data. This research methodology was used in an electrical and electronic industry; the results obtained have characteristics that can be used as a reference for other types of analyses. The results indicate that these methods can be applied to several industrial applications such as: 1) the description of the complete KDD process for THD assessment of the point of common coupling; 2) simultaneous collection using five PQ analyzers at several points in the electrical network; and (3) the use of a decision tree classifier.

Uncertainty Analysis for Natural Gas Transport Pipeline Network Layout: A New Methodology Based on Monte Carlo Method

Natural gas plays an increasing important role in the China’s energy revolution. The rapid market development and refined government regulation demand improvements in the natural gas transport pipeline network. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to conduct a study regarding the layout of pipeline networks. To reflect the comprehensive benefits of pipeline projects and obtain global optimal solution, this study introduces the dominance degree model (DDM). Aiming at optimizing the layout of natural gas transport pipeline networks, this paper studies the uncertainty of the DDM and the corresponding method for network layout. This study proposes an uncertainty analysis based on the Monte Carlo method to quantify the uncertainty of the DDM and its influential factors. Finally, the methodology is applied to the real case of a natural gas transport pipeline project in Zhejiang Province, China. The calculation results suggest that the methodology appropriately addresses the problem of pipeline network layout for natural gas transport. This has important implications for other potential pipeline networks not only in the Zhejiang Province but also throughout China and beyond.

Detecting Phishing Websites via Aggregation Analysis of Page Layouts

Phishing websites are typical starting points of online social engineering attacks, including many recent online scams. The attackers develop web pages mimicking legitimate websites, and send the malicious URLs to victims to lure them to input their sensitive information. Existing phishing defense mechanisms are not sufficient to detect with new phishing attacks. In this paper, we aim to improve phishing detection techniques using machine learning techniques. In particular, we propose a learning-based aggregation analysis mechanism to decide page layout similarity, which is used to detect phishing pages. Our experiment results shows that our approach is accurate and effective in detecting phishing pages.

Stress analysis of three-dimensional roadway layout of stagger arrangement with field observation

Longwall top-coal caving (LTCC) has been a popular, more productive and cost-effective method for extracting thick (> 5 m) to ultra-thick coal seams in recent years. However, low-level recovery ratio of coal resources and top-coal loss above the supports at both ends of working face are long-term problems. Geological factors, such as large dip angle, soft rock, mining depth further complicate the problems. This paper proposes addressing this issue by adopting three-dimensional roadway layout of stagger arrangement (3-D RLSA). In this study, the first step was to analyse the stress environment surrounding head entry in the replacing working face based on the stress distribution characteristics at the triangular coal-pillar side in gob and the stress slip line field theory. In the second step, filed observation was conducted. Finally, an economic evaluation of the 3-D RLSA for extracting thick to ultra-thick seams was conducted.

基于CFD仿真和当量温度的某动车司机室气候舒适性评价研究

动车司机室内微气候热舒适性是设计初期需要考虑的重要内容，在设计前期就需要预测采暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统对司机气候舒适性的影响。利用仿真进行前期分析具有成本低、方案修改方便、能分析出许多实验得不到的参数的优点。本文建立了某动车司机室有限元模型，利用CFD数值仿真的方法对冬季和夏季两种工况下司机室内的空气速度场和温度场进行了仿真。由于行内标准UIC651只规定了头部和小腿下方气温和气流速度的范围，对于人体详细部位的热舒适性评价无能为力，本文综合UIC标准和采用当量温度计算的方法对该动车司机室微气候进行了分析，并尝试利用Nilsson舒适度模型结合当量温度对人体舒适度进行了分析评价。结果表明，该司机室的设计能够满足司机的气候舒适性要求；此外，Nilsson舒适模型对室内热舒适性头部和小腿下方的要求与UIC651标准是一致的，但能够评价更多身体部位的热舒适性。本文的数值模拟计算和气候舒适性评价方法结果可为轨道车辆司机室布置和HVAC系统的设计分析提供参考。 The indoor microclimate comfort of EMU train driver compartment is an important concern in the early stage of design, and the influence of the HVAC system on climate comfort should be predicted. By using simulative analyses early in design, it is relatively convenient to modify the design with lower cost, and can acquire many parameters which can't be acquired by tests. In this paper, the finite element model of an EMU train driver compartment was established, and the distribution of the indoor temperature and air-flow speed were simulated for both summer and winter conditions. Since only the comfort ranges of temperature and air-flow speed near the head and below calf regions were prescribed in the UIC651 standard, which was unable to be used to evaluate the climate comfort of detailed body parts of human body. For this reason, the equivalent temperatures of human body parts were calculated, and were used to evaluate the climate comfort of driver human body by comparing with the Nilsson comfort model. The above analyses showed that the layout and the HVAC design of the EMU train compartment met the requirement of climate comfort of driver. The results also showed good consistency of Nilsson model with the UIC651 standard in evaluating head and body parts below calf, while the model could be adopted to evaluate more parts of human body. The simulative calculation and the evaluation methods of the climate comfort presented in this paper provide good references for the design and analysis of driver compartment layout and the design of HVAC system.

Mining Spatio-temporal Data on Industrialization from Historical Registries

Despite the growing availability of big data in many fields, historical data on socioevironmental phenomena are often not available due to a lack of automated and scalable approaches for collecting, digitizing, and assembling them. We have developed a data-mining method for extracting tabulated, geocoded data from printed directories. While scanning and optical character recognition (OCR) can digitize printed text, these methods alone do not capture the structure of the underlying data. Our pipeline integrates both page layout analysis and OCR to extract tabular, geocoded data from structured text. We demonstrate the utility of this method by applying it to scanned manufacturing registries from Rhode Island that record 41 years of industrial land use. The resulting spatio-temporal data can be used for socioenvironmental analyses of industrialization at a resolution that was not previously possible. In particular, we find strong evidence for the dispersion of manufacturing from the urban core of Providence, the state's capital, along the Interstate 95 corridor to the north and south.

초고층 주상복합 건축물의 면적별 단위세대 실의 영역과 외기개방면에 관한 분석 : 부산광역시를 중심으로

Purpose: The unit of super high-rise mixed-use residential buildings is the most basic element of residential environment. Especially, the room layout and the opening side are closely related with the environment factors such as the view, daylight and natural ventilation in the unit plan composition. The purpose of this study is to suggest the basic data of planning super high-rise mixed-use residential buildings by analyzing the relation between the room layout and the opening side of unit plan by unit area size in super high-rise mixed-use residential buildings in Busan Metropolitan City. Method: First, we classify units by unit area size and determine the analysis framework through general analysis of the room layout and the opening side. Second, we select case analysis objects and analyze the current state of buildings. Third, we analyze the core arrangement, the room arrangement of unit, and the opening side of case analysis objects, analyze the room layout and the opening side of unit plan per unit area size by using the analysis framework, and derive the characteristics and results. Result: It was found that the core arrangement, the room arrangement of unit, the room layout and the opening side of unit plan have a high correlation with each other and the characteristics of each unit by unit area size can be derived.

Estudo de Avaliação Pós-Ocupação do conforto acústico do prédio 15 da URI Campus Santo Ângelo

O presente artigo trata de uma avaliação pós-ocupação realizada no prédio de laboratórios dos Cursos de Engenharias (Civil e Elétrica) e Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Prédio 15), localizado na Universidade Regional e Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões - Campus Santo Ângelo. Optou-se pelo enfoque no conforto acústico da edificação devido à existência de equipamentos com alta geração de ruído e as diversas funções e usos incorporados ao espaço. Foram realizados mapeamento e levantamento da edificação, com análise da disposição dos espaços, juntamente com um checklist preenchido durante o walktrough implementado como etapa metodológica. Como forma de analisar o conforto acústico dos ambientes, optou-se pelas medições de ruído in loco, com medidor de nível de pressão sonora. Foram utilizadas a NBR 10152, que trata dos Níveis de Ruído para Conforto Acústico (ABNT, 1987) e a NR 15 (1978) que trata de Atividades e Operações Insalubres, como parâmetros para a análise do conforto acústico. Os pontos de medição foram estipulados de acordo com os diferentes usos e funções dos ambientes como forma de verificar quais locais são mais prejudicados pelos ruídos. Os valores obtidos como resultados das medições foram comparados com os valores estipulados pelas respectivas normas resultando em um diagnóstico da qualidade sonora da edificação em estudo. Os ambientes obtiveram resultados negativos em sua maioria, ou seja, os níveis de ruído existentes não estão de acordo com os parâmetros de conforto. Sendo assim, foram elencadas algumas recomendações a curto, médio e longo prazo como forma de melhorar o conforto acústico dos usuários.

The Use of Simple Cellular Automata in Image Processing

Metadata extraction from documents forms an essential part of web or desktop search systems.Similarly, digital libraries that index scholarly literature require to find and extract the title, the list of authors and other publication-related information from an article. We present a hybrid approach for metadata extraction, combining classification and clustering to extract the desired information without the need of a conventional labeled dataset for training. An important asset of the proposed method is that the resulting clustering parameters can be used in other problems, e.g. document layout analysis.

Erlitou: The origin of the tradition of non-fortified primary capitals in early China

This paper reviews and assesses traits and concepts related to “non-fortified primary capitals” within China and evaluates its two thousand year history in the development of Chinese ancient capitals from its origins in the Erlitou (二里头) period to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Non-fortified primary capitals are defined by urban plans that include a walled palatial area with an extensive outer-city sphere (gongcheng 宫城+guoqu 郭区). Through an analysis of the urban layout and settlement patterns of the Erlitou site, I argue that the practice of building non-fortified capitals began during this time due to the declining need for peripheral fortifications. Large competing polities that once flourished in the Central Plain during the Longshan period gradually declined at approximately 1800BCE, and did not represent a military threat or direct competition to the powerful centralized state at Erlitou.

Design of the Shape of the Experimental Chamber for the Analysis of the Velocity Layout in the Differential Pumped Chamber

This article builds on a series of articles devoted to the issue of pumping in the differentially pumped chamber. This article is based on a study by Dr. Danilatos, where pumping of the differential pumped chamber is solved using the Monte Carlo statistical method. For solving the issue use the mechanics continuum with experimental verification. The work deals with the influence of location measuring pitot tube in experimental chamber.

Character segmentation and transcription system for historical Japanese books with a self-proliferating character image database

This paper describes an interactive system for assisting transcription work for digitized historical woodblock-printed Japanese books published in the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. The main functions of the system include layout analysis, character segmentation, transcription, and the generation of a character image database. The procedures for using the system consist of two major phases. In the first phase, the system automatically produces provisional character segmentation data, and users interactively edit the segmentation results and transcribe them into text data. Information obtained in this phase is stored in the character image database. In the second phase, the system performs automatic character segmentation and transcription by using the database generated in the first phase. Through repeated applications of these two phases to a variety of materials, the contents of the character image database will be enhanced, and the system’s performance in character segmentation and transcription will increase accordingly. Since the scheme looks like the fact that the parents produce their children and the children produce grandchildren and so on, successively, this database is called as self-proliferating database. The experiment showed that when the number of character images in the database increased, the transcription accuracy also increased accordingly. In the experiment, when the size of the database increased to 37,000, the segmentation accuracy reached 83.7%, whereas the transcription accuracy reached 69.1%.

Better Office Layout for Better Quality of Work

Many researchers have proposed models of quality of working life which include a wide range of factors, authors have emphasized the workspace physical environment as a substantial factor that influences the quality of working life. The overall design of the office workspace from the office layout and partitioning to work dynamics and company culture has a huge impact on the performance of the coworkers. The well designed office workspace facilitates the flow of information urges the engagement among the coworkers and raises the productivity. This paper sheds light on the accessibility and the visibility as important characteristics of the theory of Space Syntax in office workspace design, with observation and examination of the effect of these characteristics in the interaction and collaboration between the coworkers. For that the author conducted a review for the related literature and researches, in addition an applied field study was held for three cases of office workspaces in Cairo focusing on the analysis and comparison of the workspace layouts. The study found significant correlations between the accessibility and the visibility of the office workspace and the interactions between the coworkers. .

Design and analysis of a heliostat field layout with reduced shading effect in southern Tunisia

This paper dealt with the design and the analysis of a preliminary heliostat field layout with reduced optical losses caused by the blocking and shading effects. The study dealt first with the assessment of the optical losses resulting from the heliostat tracking motion. The developed heliostat field configuration is simulated in a region of southern Tunisia (latitude: 30.25°N, longitude: 9.55°E), the simulation time was chosen to be the two equinoxes and the two solstices. The code is validated according to a ray tracing method. An hourly optical cosine efficiency analysis showed that; the eastern part of the heliostat field is more affected by cosine losses in the morning. The cosine of the incident angle on 21st June at 8am varies from 0.281 to 0.991. In the afternoon, the distribution of the cosine effect on the heliostat field is symmetric to the distribution obtained in the morning. A spillage losses analysis showed that at 8am, the western part of the heliostat field is the most affected region with a minimum efficiency of about 0.635 March 21st, 0.632 June 21st, 0.629 September 21st and 21st December 0.627. June 21st at noon, heliostats located on the first rows managed to focus the incident rays to the receiver surface with only 12% of errors. The developed heliostat field configuration operate with 0% losses due to shadowing effect on March 21st from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., June 21st from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., 21st September from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Even on December, the number of heliostats causing shadow to their neighbors from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. is very low. For the considered location, the overall optical efficiency analysis proved that the heliostat field is more efficient on June 21st; its value can reach 0.6726% at 1 p.m. It decreases on the 21st of December; it reaches its minimum value 0.4757% at 7 a.m.

Parameter for evaluation of the layout arrangement of the metalworking machines with parallel kinematics

A parameter was proposed to make it possible to provide quantitative evaluation of the share of the volume of technological working space in the common geometrical space of machines with parallel kinematics. This parameter is the ratio of the technological working space volume to the geometrical space volume; it may be used during the analysis of different layouts of a parallel structure mechanism at an earlier designing stage.

Complex layout analysis based on contour classification and morphological operations

In this paper, a hybrid technique for complex layout analysis is presented. Morphological operations are applied to both the foreground and the background, in order to connect neighboring regions and detect separator lines and columns respectively. Contour tracing is used for the extraction of shape and size information and classification of the connected components. Evaluated on the RDCL-2015 dataset, the method achieved state-of-art results in less than three seconds per page.

Wleń jako miejsce centralne

Wleń jako miejsce centralne

Adsorption chiller operation by recovering low-temperature heat from building integrated photovoltaic thermal collectors: Modelling and simulation

This work focuses on a dynamic simulation model for the energy, economic and environmental analysis of an innovative polygenerative system layout based on a building integrated photovoltaic thermal system coupled to an adsorption chiller and to an electricity storage system. The thermal energy of building integrated photovoltaic thermal collectors is exploited in order to produce solar space heating and cooling and domestic hot water. Auxiliary electric air-to-water heat pumps/chillers and a gas-fired condensation boiler are included in the system model in order to integrate the demands of heating, cooling and domestic hot water production. The electricity produced by building integrated photovoltaic thermal collectors is used to satisfy the building needs. The eventual extra-production is delivered to the grid or stored in lead-acid batteries.By means of the developed dynamic simulation model (implemented in TRNSYS environment) the energy system performance on the whole building can be analysed in terms of heating/cooling energy, electricity and domestic hot water demands. In particular, both the passive and active energy effects of the investigated collectors can be assessed. The model includes a suitable tool for the comparison of the innovative system layout vs. traditional reference building-plant systems. For energy, economic and environmental impact optimization purposes, sensitivity analyses can be performed by varying the main system design parameters with respect to the value of reference case ones.In order to show the potentiality of the developed simulation model, several new case studies are developed. They refer to a 3-floor office building located in four different Italian weather zones. Simulation results show that the obtained SPBs, the primary energy saving for electricity and domestic hot water production, and the equivalent carbon dioxide avoided emissions range between 10.6–11.3years, 58.5–68.8% and 76.3–90.2%, respectively.