Layout Analysis Research Articles

Technoeconomic study for the optimization of turbine size and wind farm layouts

A technoeconomic analysis and optimization of wind turbine size and layout are performed using WAsP software. A case study of a 100-MW wind farm located in Egypt is considered. Wind atlas for Egypt was used as the input data of the WAsP software. Two turbine models of powers 52 and 80 MW are considered for this project. The wind turbine size and distributions are selected based on the technoeconomic optimization, namely minimum wake effect, maximum annual energy production (AEP) rate, optimum cash flow, and payback period. The future worth method is adopted in economic comparison between the two alternatives, and the cash flow diagram provided the payback period and future worth after the lifetime of the plant. The results showed that (1) the AEP dramatically decreases for a wind farm area less than 15 km2; (2) the turbine spacing, spacing-to-diameter ratio, and the setback distances decrease and the wind turbine density and wake losses increase with decreasing the wind turbines size; (3) the total net AEP using G52 is lower than that of using G80 by about 16%; (4) the technoeconomic analysis recommended using G80 as it has higher profit than those of G52 by about $20 million.

Analysis of Aerodynamic Layout and Operation Application Trends of Next Generation Large Transportation Aircraft

Analysis of Aerodynamic Layout and Operation Application Trends of Next Generation Large Transportation Aircraft

Research on the Spatial Layout of Science Park based on Large-scale Scientific Facilities: A Case Study of Spallation Neutron Source

A large-scale scientific facility is an essential driving force for innovation in science and technology in the country. A reasonably spatial layout for the development of a science park is a vital assurance for its function positioning. Furthermore, the function of the science park determines the setting of related industries and the way of spatial layout. Based on the first-hand information of the Harwell Campus in England, this paper first analyzes the functions of the Spallation Neutron Source, a benchmark science park, and then determines the internal space elements about the positioning function. Finally, based on the spatial distribution theory and the analysis of the spatial layouts of benchmark international science parks such as Harwell Campus in England, Silicon Valley and Oak Bridge in the United States, and Proton Accelerator Research Complex in Japan, the paper proposes layouts for setting up external resource-embedded and internal center proliferation projects.

Analysis of delay time and layout using Heuristics algorithms

ALB is commonly known as combinatorial optimization problem in manufacturing industries and operation management circumstances. Because of the NP-hard characteristics of ALB problem, lot of tries have been done to solve the problem professionally. The critical concern in analysing ALB is how to generate a possible task order which does not disrupt the priority restrictions. This job arranging is a vigorous work to be answered prior to passing on jobs to workstation. Balance delay time (total idle time) is the total of idle time on fabrication assembly lines triggered by the irregular partition of work among operators or stations. In this thesis, SALBP-1 analysed using the three heuristic techniques. Kilbridge and Westers Method (KWM), Ranked Positional weight (RPW) and biologically inspired evolutionary computing tool which is heuristic treated Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied to solve the ALB problem with the main aim of reducing the balance delay time in the workstation and the best method was selected. The selection criterion was based on the minimum balance delay for the sample problem. The result obtained by heuristic treated GA with 4.545% of balance delay for the sample problem taken was the best when compared to other two methods.

Functional Characterization of YdjH, a Sugar Kinase of Unknown Specificity in Escherichia coli K12.

The ydj gene cluster is annotated to catalyze the catabolism of an unknown carbohydrate. Previously, YdjI, a class II aldolase, was shown to catalyze the retro-aldol cleavage of l-glycero-l-galacto-octuluronate-1-phosphate into DHAP and l-arabinuronate. In this report, the functional characterization of YdjH is presented. YdjH catalyzes the phosphorylation of 2-keto-monosaccharides at the C1 hydroxyl group with a substrate profile significantly more stringent than that of YdjI. Similar to YdjI, YdjH shows a strong preference for higher-order monosaccharides (seven to nine carbons) with a carboxylate terminus. The best substrate was determined to be l-glycero-l-galacto-octuluronate, yielding l-glycero-l-galacto-octuluronate-1-phosphate with a kcat of 16 s-1 and a kcat/Km of 2.1 × 104 M-1 s-1. This is apparently the first reported example of kinase activity with eight-carbon monosaccharides. Two crystal structures of YdjH were previously determined to 2.15 and 1.8 Å resolution (Protein Data Bank entries 3H49 and 3IN1 ). We present an analysis of the active site layout and use computational docking to identify potential key residues in the binding of l-glycero-l-galacto-octuluronate.

Improvement in Manufacturing System by Rearrangement in Layout Design – A Case Study

Market demands are rising deliberately. Continuous modification in design with improved features has become a necessity to survive in the present competitive market. This throughout adaptation of new features and techniques is a great challenge to the manufacturing system. It is tough call for any firm to organise its layout against the change in design and type of product. The change in layout is tedious and costly for small scale industries with job shop system. Thus, improvement in facility layout should be such that it is easily flexible to the changed scenario. Also it should enhance productivity by reducing the distance flow, lead time and wastage. A case study was carried out at a job shop production industry- Bluebird Lights Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India. After the analysis of the present layout, a revised layout plan was optimised for its variety of products being manufactured.

Development of a parameterized reduced-order vertical-axis wind turbine wake model

Analyzing or optimizing wind farm layouts often requires reduced-order wake models to estimate turbine wake interactions and wind velocity. We propose a wake model for vertical-axis wind turbines in streamwise and crosswind directions. Using vorticity data from computational fluid dynamic simulations and cross-validated Gaussian distribution fitting, we produced a wake model that can estimate normalized wake velocity deficits of an isolated vertical-axis wind turbine using normalized downstream and lateral positions, tip-speed ratio, and solidity. Compared with computational fluid dynamics, taking over a day to run one simulation, our wake model predicts a velocity deficit in under a second with an appropriate accuracy and computational cost necessary for wind farm optimization. The model agreed with two experimental studies producing percent differences of the maximum wake deficit of 6.3% and 14.6%. The wake model includes multiple wake interactions and blade aerodynamics to calculate power, allowing its use in wind farm layout analysis and optimization.

A data-driven path planning model for crowd capacity analysis

In this paper, an agent-based crowd simulation model that focuses on path planning layer of (1) origin/destination popularities and (2) route choice is developed. This path planning model improves on the existing mathematical modeling and pattern recognition approaches by utilizing different sources of data to drive and validate it: video data was used for the open space scenarios and virtual reality experiments were applied for constrained space scenarios. For open space scenarios with video coverage, the density map of the video is extracted to calibrate the origin/destination popularities and the route probabilities among them. Factors related to space syntax, such as the traveling distance and turning angle, are proven effective features of the path planning model in this scenario. For constrained space scenarios, where the coverage of videos is usually limited, virtual reality experiments can be applied to learn the route choice model parameters at a fine granularity, particularly considering the crowdedness of the surroundings besides the space syntax factors. The navigation behaviors of players under different configurations in the virtual reality experiments were retrieved to train the route choice models using Support Vector Machine (SVM) model. The trained route choice model then simulates the crowd motion more realistically under different densities. We demonstrate the usefulness of the data-driven path planning model for crowd capacity analysis of a building layout.

Production Rate Improvement for Assembly Line in Sheet Metal Stamping Industry

In today’s manufacturing industry, there is an increased focus to produce the right product at right time. This project is to study the process flow of Philips Fluorescents Lamp assembly line in sheet metal stamping company based on lines concept and factors influencing the production lines efficiency by analyzing the problem occurred in the process. The manual and automatic assembly has been analyzed for its influence on the assembly line. The transformation from manual to the automated assembly where the manual screwing and packing processes replaced by automated machines is studied. During factory visit, the average cycle time for manual and automated assembly process was taken in order to analyze it. The number of output of Fluorescents Lamp before and after the transformation was studied. Data collected used to simulate the current assembly line process using simulation software, DELMIA Quest. The layout where all process consists of manual assembly and after adding the machines have been designed and analyzed using this software. Based on the current layout analysis, a new layout was proposed in order to get a better process flow. The proposed layout shows an improvement of average production rate of at least 16% from the current assembly line.

A Study on Location of Logistics Hubs of Hub-and-Spoke Network in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Through the analysis of the logistics operation scene in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, a hub-and-spoke regional logistics network with four modes of transportation was constructed. Considering the network balance factor, the number of network hubs should be determined. Then, with full consideration of various factors including fixed cost, transshipment cost and integrated transportation advantages, the hub-and-spoke logistics network location model is established. We design the corresponding genetic algorithm to solve the location problem of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional logistics network hub. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by the actual logistics operation data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the optimal layout of regional logistics hub is calculated.According to the analysis of the final logistics hub layout, we can find that 7 selected logistics hub in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are distributed evenly. In terms of Beijing, the 3 selected logistics hubs in the city are located in the north, southwest and east west areas, which form a stable triangle covering Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In terms of Tianjin, the 2 selected logistics hubs play an important role in connecting Tianjin with the surrounding cities around the region. In terms of Hebei, the 2 selected logistics hubs serve the southern region as well as cross-regional logistics operations.

Bank Form Classification using Document Layout Analysis and Image Processing Techniques

Every day thousands of forms are filled out and submitted across the world, in banks, post offices, government organizations, educational institutions etc. These include electronic forms as well as physical forms. All of these forms irrespective of their origin are at some stage made digital and stored electronically to address issues of physical storage, form degradation and data accessibility. Document layout analysis is a basic step in converting document images into electronic form. This conversion is laborious and can be made more efficient (in terms of throughput and human resource) by automating most of the conversion process using document layout analysis techniques. Document classification is an important step in Office Automation, Digital Libraries, and other document image analysis applications. Physical forms require human supervision for any operations done on the form. Digitization of these forms reduces human resources, also reduces any human redundancy involved with the operation on the physical forms. This paper addresses the initial stage of this automation, namely, bank form classification and decipherment of fields. The former recognizes the type of the bank form and the latter extracts regions of useful data from the classified bank form. The proposed work aims to provide accurate bank form classification along with noise removal, skew detection and correction, finally layout analysis is carried out to extract fields like name, address, signature from the classified forms.

Estudo comparativo entre layouts sob a ótica da teoria das restrições com apoio de simulação de eventos discretos em empresa de alimentos

O layout tem interferência direta nos sistemas produtivos das empresas. Contudo não é tarefa fácil prever todas as variáveis em seu rearranjo, e se ao final atenderá às metas globais da empresa. Buscando contribuir com esta questão o presente estudo propôs uma nova abordagem para análise de layout, empregando a simulação de eventos discretos e os indicadores operacionais da Teoria das Restrições (TOC), para avaliar qual o arranjo físico mais adequado – celular ou funcional - a ser utilizado em um setor de misturas de uma empresa de alimentos. Esta análise foi realizada sob a perspectiva dos seguintes indicadores operacionais da TOC: ganho, investimentos e despesas operacionais. Inicialmente foram identificados os produtos mais vendidos em um período de 12 meses, por meio da curva ABC. Em seguida foram realizados os projetos de layout: funcional, através do método de planejamento computadorizado de relação de layout (CORELAP); celular, através da análise de fluxo de produção (FPA). Depois de realizada a modelagem dos layouts com os dados coletados, as simulações foram rodadas e posteriormente analisadas com base nos indicadores operacionais da TOC, apontando ao final o layout mais adequado. Os resultados mostraram que o layout funcional apresentou o melhor desempenho sob a perspectiva dos indicadores operacionais da TOC, proporcionando o aumento no ganho (+12,34%), redução nos investimentos (-11,47%) e redução nas despesas operacionais (-18,71%). Este estudo demonstrou que o layout funcional, no contexto estudado, ofereceu maior flexibilidade produtiva, impactando de forma positiva nos indicadores operacionais da TOC e que tais indicadores podem ser ferramentas efetivas na comparação de layouts.

The patent road of power battery unicorn——Analysis of CATL patent application and layout

The patent road of power battery unicorn——Analysis of CATL patent application and layout

A Comprehensive Framework for OCR Web Services System for Arabic Calligraphy Documents

This paper describes document layout analysis web services approach for OCR systems, in case of integrate with web-based applications using SOAP and REST interfaces. The proposed solution provides accessing way to use different OCR systems. Therefore, these web services are implemented using SOAP and REST interfaces through HTTP or HTTPS requests. Consequently, different developers can communicate with each other’s without time consuming to customize code implementation, operating system barriers, and programming language conditions. The scientific scope of this paper focuses on three objectives:(1)  The document categories on which they are included in the dataset, (2) The related algorithms that are used in the level of document analysis, and (3) The Arabic document image segmentation algorithms they are used. Consequently, the connected components method is used to remove page frame in the old and calligraphy documents. Also, shadow noises in the old and historical documents are removed using the adapted sparse algorithm.This paper discusses a number of the major areas where OCR web services have been working comprehensively: in supporting document analysis and OCR service-oriented architecture computing. Using the OCR web services approaches, we are dealing with heterogeneous large scale documents with wide varying structured category. Furthermore, there could be multipage document with different languages. Accordingly, the language domain will be identified within the language script specification module.Â

Techno-economic heliostat field optimization: Comparative analysis of different layouts

This paper presents an analysis of the effect of the land cost on the size and shape of the solar field. A parametric study has been performed, where the effect of the land cost is considered through the introduction of a parameter k, representing the ratio between the land and heliostats surface cost. Three different field layouts and two different geographical sites have been taken into consideration. The selected field layouts have been studied for several k-values within a relevant range. Results show that introducing a cost ratio k different from 0 has a strong influence on the shape of the resulting fields, significantly compressing the heliostats fields also for low land costs. For example, for k=0.02, the area is reduced, with respect to k=0, from 28% to 49%, following the considered cases; on the same time, the yearly collection efficiency is reduced by only about 1% in all cases.

Facility Layout Planning with SHELL and Fuzzy AHP Method Based on Human Reliability for Operating Theatre.

A well-design facility layout planning refers to the reduction of the operation cost in the manufacturing and service industry. This work consists of reliability analysis of facility layout for an operating theatre; it aims at proposing a new evaluation approach, which integrated the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and human reliability tool, for optimization of facility layout design with safety and human factors in an operating theatre. Firstly, the systematic layout planning is used to design the layout schemes on the basis of field investigations. Then, the criteria system is proposed based on human reliability analysis from four perspectives: software, hardware, environment, and liveware. Finally, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, a fuzzy extension of the multicriteria decision-making technique analytic hierarchy process, is used to compare these layout schemes based on the criteria system. The results that are obtained reveal interesting properties of facility layout planning in hospitals. It reveals that decision in selecting a suitable layout must meet not only the strategies and goals of the system but also meet the safety, security, and reliability of the system.

A graph-based approach for the structural analysis of road and building layouts

ABSTRACTA better understanding of the relationship between the structure and functions of urban and suburban spaces is one of the avenues of research still open for geographical information science. The research presented in this paper develops several graph-based metrics whose objective is to characterize some local and global structural properties that reflect the way the overall building layout can be cross-related to the one of the road layout. Such structural properties are modeled as an aggregation of parcels, buildings, and road networks. We introduce several computational measures (Ratio Minimum Distance, Minimum Ratio Minimum Distance, and Metric Compactness) that respectively evaluate the capability for a given road to be connected with the whole road network. These measures reveal emerging sub-network structures and point out differences between less-connective and more-connective parts of the network. Based on these local and global properties derived from the topological and graph-based representation, and on building density metrics, this paper proposes an analysis of road and building layouts at different levels of granularity. The metrics developed are applied to a case study in which the derived properties reveal coherent as well as incoherent neighborhoods that illustrate the potential of the approach and the way buildings and roads can be relatively connected in a given urban environment. Overall, and by integrating the parcels and buildings layouts, this approach complements other previous and related works that mainly retain the configurational structure of the urban network as well as morphological studies whose focus is generally limited to the analysis of the building layout.

The analysis of the spatial layout of land in relation to less favoured areas (LFA) in the Milejów comune, Łęczna district

Rural land in Poland accounts for more than 90% of the area of the country and plays a very significant role. It is inhabited by 38.1% of the population. Unfortunately, these people are largely unemployed. The present status of the agricultural production space is a result of many centuries of human activity closely connected with social and economic, legal and political conditions. The spatial arrangement of land in the rural areas of central, southern, south eastern and eastern Poland, developed by historical processes, is characterized by the frequent occurrence of individual plot patchworks. An incorrect configuration of land owned by farmers considerably affects the profitability and effectiveness of agricultural production. The accession of Poland to the European Union offered many options for development to our country and in particular to the Polish countryside. Reconstruction of the defective spatial structure in Poland is one of the priorities of the EU’s agricultural policy. Numerous development programmes (SOP, RDP) are used for financing land consolidation and exchange works which are one of the basic tools for transforming ownership and structural relations in rural areas. With regard to the fact that agricultural land in Poland is greatly differentiated, particular attention should be paid to less favoured areas (LFA). It seems obvious that farmers in LFA are not able to generate the same earnings from crops as those generated by farmers in favoured areas. For the purposes of this publication, detailed surveys were carried out in the Milejów commune, Łęczna district, Lublin voivodship. Five villages in that commune were classified as less favoured areas. The analyses showed that Milejów is one of two communes in the Łęczna district with the smallest average area of plot owned by individual farmers. Based on the analysis of the structure of ownership and use, fragmentation and distribution of plots, as well as identification of less favoured areas, an alternative land development model was proposed, along with the reconstruction of the existing arrangement of land through comprehensive consolidation and exchange of land.

Process layout planning and optimised product range selection in manufacture of wooden construction sets

This paper introduces a systematic deterministic framework for planning and the analysis of facility layouts aimed at manufacturing a variety of parts, being components of specific end products. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of a traditional job-shop into layout modules of generic material flow patterns, that inherently yields improved efficiency of the entire system. It entails the use of a relevant reasoning scheme based on production flow analysis and the method of hierarchical clustering of specified process routings for parts. The approach has been studied in the aspect of its application in an actual woodworking facility, dealing with fabrication of wooden toy sets. The respective workflows were subjected to the analysis in order to identify production bottlenecks using data derived from the real case study. As a result, the designated process layout alternatives have been evaluated in terms of assumed measures of the operational performance. An inseparable part of the research was exploring the capability for the optimum selection of a multi-part product mix , to be fabricated in defined time frames. In this regard, the usability as well as the computational efficacy of the integer linear programming modelling have been fully confirmed. The results gained show in particular that the suggested methodical scheme could be a useful tool in planning optimised manufacture of customised wood products of modular construction.

Research on Resource Allocation Strategy of PaaS Platform

In order to allocate elastic resource to the application of PaaS platform, the authors analyze the key technologies and the particularity of resource scheduling in PaaS platform, and design an application-oriented resource allocation model and heuristic scheduling algorithm based on an ant colony algorithm. Different from the existing resource allocation methods based on virtual machines in IaaS, the scheduling strategy is based on Application in PaaS platform. According to the analysis of the application layout, the heuristic algorithm is used to minimize the number of application migration and reduce the waiting time of the task. In order to avoid falling into the loop or local optimal solution, the authors also used a tabu search technique. The results of comparative experiments show that, this strategy has higher resource utilization and shorter task waiting time.