Law Enforcement Activities Research Articles

Особенности правоприменительной практики законодательных актов в первой половине XIX века на примере Департамента уделов

Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of the revealed peculiarities in the law enforcement practice of the legislation of the first half of the XIXth century on the example of the highest state institution – the Department of Estates, which ensured the allowance of the members of the imperial family. In the history of the Department under consideration the contradictory nature of monarchist power was revealed. The emperor, being the supreme legislator, was faced with a difficult dilemma: how to keep a balance between national and personal interests. While managing his own economy, he adjusted the state law enforcement practice to the interests of the Department, clarifying it with his resolutions. Methods. The main research methods were structural-functional and hermeneutic ones. They made it possible not only to work with the text and its meanings, but also to understand the peculiarities that distinguished the Department of Estates in the state system of higher institutions of the Russian Empire of the first half of the XIXth century. Results. The author concluded that the peculiarities of the law enforcement activity of the Department of Estates were primarily determined by the specificity of its tasks. Law enforcement activity was blurred by the interests of the members of the imperial family and general state tasks. The absence of some managerial decisions in normative legal acts and their fixation only in the form of resolutions to documents created unclearness (ambiguity). It caused contradictions in law enforcement activities and complicated the interaction of the Department of Estates with other state institutions of the Russian Empire.

Identifying the main areas of study of constitutional principles of civil proceedings

The article is devoted to the study of the main areas of research on the constitutional principles of civil proceedings. The researcher addresses the issue more comprehensively and provides some factors that may affect the course of the study. The author analyses the areas which influence the study of the constitutional principles of civil justice. In particular, the author emphasises the trend towards the fundamentalisation of human rights and freedoms. It should be noted that they began to form most clearly immediately after the end of the Second World War when the former liberal ideas underlying the existing legal order were replaced by new values, which became human rights and freedoms. The author proves that only democratic legal procedures and respect for human rights and liberties can be the basis for the activities of modern states and be applied to the judiciary and civil proceedings. The author suggests that numerous international legal documents reflecting the state of development, changes and consolidation of human rights and freedoms, in particular, those which form the model of civil proceedings, are a promising area for analysis. The author argues that the legal phenomenon of the rule of law has a more significant impact than the legislator gives it. The author explains its defining and essential importance for the system of principles, which is a necessary direction for studying the constitutional principles of civil justice. In addition, the author believes that the stage of reform and adaptation which Ukrainian legislation is undergoing as part of its approximation to the EU legislation is important as one of the next areas of research. The impact of constitutional provisions on justice is also significant. The article examines the impact of the Constitution of Ukraine on sectoral legislation and its significance for establishing the scope of civil justice. The article analyses the importance of the rule of law for legislative and law enforcement activities. The author proves the necessity of referring to the category of a system of principles because of their legislative consolidation. The author focuses on the importance of developing clear criteria for classifying a provision as a principle of civil procedure. The author emphasises the need for critical analysis and study of judicial practice to research the constitutional principles of civil procedure.

An uncertain participant: victim input and the black box of discretionary parole release

Objective: to analyze the impact of the victim’s input in the parole process according to the US legislation. Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological. Results: Little is understood about the parole release process, as state parole boards predominately operate with incredible discretion and keep their deliberations and rationales hidden from public view. Even less is understood about the intersection of the inscrutable parole release decision-making process and victim rights. As the victim rights movement mobilized in the1970s, victims, instead of remaining passive witnesses, came to wield significant influence over the release decision process. Today, victim participation in parole proceedings is increasing as most parole boards proclaim how important victims’ voices are and, in turn, actively incorporate victim input into their release calculus. Yet, it is not entirely clear what role, if any, victims should have in the release process because it is not entirely clear what purposes parole release should serve more generally. Rather than resolving these pressing questions that are at the heart of the release decision, the current system gives individual parole board members a great degree of discretion when it comes to how they approach victim input and the role it should serve. This approach has resulted in a release process that treats victim input in a troubling and inconsistent manner, which is unfair to inmates, victims, and parole board members alike. Scientific novelty: To make sense of this situation, this paper identifies four analytical frameworks for understanding discretionary parole release, which reveal board members’ options for approaching victim input. Ultimately, the author proposes that parole boards should approach the release decision as an evaluation of both the inmate’s rehabilitation and the extent to which sentencing’s retributive and deterrent goals have been met. In this vein, victim input should only influence the release decision if it provides information, not emotion, that the inmate is not rehabilitated or that the judge's minimumsentence did not accurately reflect the impact of the crime and that retribution or deterrence has not been met. In recognition of the implications of such an approach, the article proposes procedural changes to the release decision and structural changes to parole boards. These recommended reforms are animated by principles of equity, transparency, and procedural justice. Applying this approach to victim input in the parole process and implementing the corresponding procedural changes can hopefully create a system that is fairer for inmates, minimizes risks of secondary harms to victims, and protects board members from improper external pressures. Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to parole release process.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ КОНТРОЛЯ УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ИНСПЕКЦИЯМИ ЗА СОБЛЮДЕНИЕМ ЗАПРЕТА ПОДОЗРЕВАЕМЫМИ И ОБВИНЯЕМЫМИ ОТПРАВЛЯТЬ И ПОЛУЧАТЬ ПОЧТОВО-ТЕЛЕГРАФНЫЕ ОТПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Taking into account the analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts, as well as law enforcement activities, the article identifies a number of problems in the field of control by employees of criminal inspections over compliance with the prohibition by suspects (accused) to send and receive postal and telegraphic items. In order to increase the effectiveness of such control, the need is justified to supplement the Penal Code of the Russian Federation with Article 18.2 with the expansion of the tasks of operational investigative activities in the penal system (for example, assistance in organizing control over prohibitions against suspects, accused with preventive measures in the form of house arrest, prohibition of certain actions and bail) and appropriate grounds for conducting operational investigative measures (in particular, the presence of a resolution on the election of preventive measures in the form of detention, house arrest, prohibition of certain actions and bail).

Accounting, Analytical and Information Support for Law Enforcement Activity in Conditions of Ensuring Economic Security in Public Administration

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an effective model of accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement activities in ensuring economic security amidst strong turbulence in the external environment. Theoretical Framework: This research is anchored in the principles of economic security and law enforcement support systems. It utilizes the IDEF0 model as the primary theoretical framework to analyze and structure the accounting, analytical, and informational processes that underpin effective law enforcement in volatile conditions. Method: The research methodology employs the IDEF0 model to construct a comprehensive framework for the accounting, analytical, and information support systems specific to law enforcement activities. Results and Discussion: he study successfully resulted in a detailed decomposition of the IDEF0 model, highlighting innovative ways to bolster the accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement. These results are contextualized within the broader framework of maintaining economic security in turbulent environments, underscoring the adaptability and robustness of the proposed model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are significant for policymakers and law enforcement agencies. The model provides a strategic foundation for enhancing economic security frameworks, which is crucial for adapting to and thriving in dynamic external conditions. Originality/Value: This study contributes original insights into the application of the IDEF0 model in a law enforcement context, particularly in scenarios characterized by significant economic turbulence.

Mitigating Negligence in Regulatory Enforcement: Analyzing the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 and the Criminal Procedure Code

The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 is pivotal in regulating Malaysia's communications and multimedia industry. While the Act gives Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission officers enforcement rights, it excludes the ability to make arrests, which is a privilege reserved for police officers under the Criminal Procedure Code. This paper examines the practical implications of this division of arrest authority, focusing on potential negligence in enforcement. The study examines the intersection of regulatory enforcement and the tort of negligence by reviewing relevant laws and case studies. The study found that incorporating accountability measures into the enforcement process can help maintain transparency and uphold the integrity of regulatory actions. Recommendations based on the findings suggest strategies for mitigating negligence in enforcement actions. Understanding this intersection is crucial for ensuring lawful and responsible law enforcement actions in the communications and multimedia industry.

Distinguishing the acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit by an official from related criminal offenses and fraud

One of the foundations of the current anti-corruption policy and institutional reform in the field of fighting corruption is the establishment of criminal liability for criminal offenses in the field of official activities and professional activities related to the provision of public services. The priority area of law enforcement activities in Ukraine is combating corruption offenses committed by public officials, and one of the types is acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit. The article outlines the conceptual aspect of distinguishing acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an undue benefit from related corpus delicti of criminal offenses which provide for liability for offenses in the field of official activity and professional activity related to the provision of public services, namely, it contains some similar features to those of related criminal offenses such as illicit enrichment (Article 368-5 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), abuse of influence (Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), and conducting of bribery. In addition, attention is drawn to the distinction between acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit and fraud (Article 190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The article focuses on the common and distinctive features of the elements of a criminal offense under Article 368 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with related elements, namely: bribery of an official of a legal entity of private law regardless of its organizational and legal form (Art. 368-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), bribery of a person providing public services (368-4 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), illicit enrichment (Article 368-5 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), abuse of influence (Article 369-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine), provocation of bribery (Article 370 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) and fraud (Article 190 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine). The author emphasizes the criteria of objective and subjective features which allow for the appropriate distinction.

On the practical application of the provisions establishing liability for corruption crimes in official activities committed by officials of legal entities under public law

The article explores the major criminological indicators that illustrate the practical application of criminal law provisions establishing liability for corruption crimes in official activities that are committed by officials of legal entities under public law. By analyzing the provisions of the notes to Articles 45 and 364 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, along with the features characterizing the perpetrators of crimes in the sphere of official activities, the author outlines the range of criminal offenses in the area under study. These offenses include, in particular, abuse of power or official position (Article 364 of the CC of Ukraine); acceptance of an offer or promise, or receipt of an undue benefit by an official (Article 368 of the CC of Ukraine), and unlawful enrichment (Articles 3681, 3682, 3685 of the CC of Ukraine). Based on official statistical sources (the Office of the Prosecutor General and the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine), the author conducted a long-term criminological analysis of the situation with the crimes under study and determined the absolute, average, and relative values in the period from 2016 to 2023, as well as the indicators reflecting the correlation between the number of recorded criminal offenses and the number of detected and convicted persons for each type of crime in this category. The calculated indicators revealed a dramatic gap between the number of recorded criminal offenses and the number of detected persons, as well as the number of detected and convicted persons. This discrepancy suggests that the criminal justice system has low efficiency in combating crimes of the studied category, with the real scale of these offenses, given their significant latency, far exceeding the officially recorded indicators. The study conducted by the author holds an independent value both for scientific purposes and for law enforcement activities and provides the relevant basis for information support in combating corruption crimes in official activities that are committed by officials of legal entities under public law; most importantly, it provides a clear understanding and assessment of the efficiency of the relevant criminal law provisions and serves as a prerequisite for developing the measures to improve the efficiency of criminal justice authorities in this area.

Prosecutor’s Offices and Government Bodies of the Russian Federation as Subjects of Legal Relations in the field of Protection of Human and Civil Rights

Russian government institutions carrying out human rights and law enforcement activities strictly adhere to the norms and standards that are reflected both in international law and in the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, as a subject of legal relations, representing a key supervisory body of state power, plays a fundamental role in the implementation of activities aimed at protecting human and civil rights. However, in a developed democratic and rule-of-law state, the scope of human rights protection affects various branches of law and economic spheres. That is why the implementation of supervision and human rights activities by the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation without interaction with other government bodies of the Russian Federation, which also act as subjects of legal relations, seems to be a difficult process to implement. The very interaction between the prosecutor’s office and government bodies demonstrates not only the high level of development of human rights institutions in the country, but also points to the fact that the interaction process itself needs both legislative improvement and the consolidation of its individual provisions.

The geography of wild American ginseng in North Carolina, USA: a comparative study of four capability analysis methods

Wild American ginseng is the root component of a family of plants called Panax, and it grows mainly in the understory of the eastern deciduous forests in North America. The growing market for wild American ginseng in Asia along with the scarcity of this plant in the wild due to rising illegal harvest have been simultaneously pushing up the price of American ginseng in the market, increasing incentives further for illegal harvest of this soon-to-be-extinct species. This paper studies the geography of wild American ginseng to identify the spatial distribution of the suitable habitat of this plant in the wild and provides advice on what conditions are required and what regions are suitable for cultivating it in farms, introducing an alternative to the wild American ginseng to decrease the harvesting pressure on its wild counterpart. By employing four popular geospatial methods, including the Binary Screening method, the Ordinal Ranking method (both Graduated Screening and Addition-of-Factors methods), and the Weighted Linear Combination method, this paper carries out a capability analysis and mapping for wild American ginseng in North Carolina (NC). After building the models, they are validated by using the data of the known locations of wild American ginseng plants in NC. Developing these models helps in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of where the plant naturally grows and sheds light on how government agencies can more effectively and more efficiently plan for law enforcement activities to better protect this plant from illegal harvest. The general pattern of our results suggests that western NC counties such as Jackson, Haywood, Transylvania, Henderson, Cherokee, and Ash are some of the most suitable geographical areas for wild American ginseng to grow. The results of our model validation analysis, along with the comparison of our models' predictions to the observed occurrences of wild American ginseng in nature, indicate that the Binary Screening method’s predictions align with almost 96% of the reported observations in nature. This suggests that the influential natural factors necessary for wild American ginseng are more of complementary factors to each other than being substitutes, meaning that they all must exist in the environment for it to grow, and it could not be that the lack of one natural factor can be compensated by the abundance of another natural factor.

Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Pemberantasan Narkoba dan Rencana Strategi Humas Badan Narkotika Nasional

This study discusses the role of public relations in planning communication strategies to handle news related to drug trafficking. Based on framing analysis from Antara and Detik.com media, it was found that these two media outlets highlighted drug trafficking as a serious threat, with news that focused on law enforcement actions and their social impact. Related to public relations strategy planning, the Ronald D. Smith model is used which includes four phases: formative research, strategy formulation, tactical implementation, and evaluation. The core of this study emphasizes the importance of structured and adaptive public relations strategic planning in dealing with drug trafficking issues, therefore it is necessary to increase cooperation with the media, adequate resource allocation, and the use of technology to reach a wider audience. Thus, it is hoped that drug eradication efforts can run more effectively and efficiently and get full support

The Nature of The Role of State Attorney Prosecutors in Legal Assistance in the Civil and State Administrative Fields

Objective: This research aims to find out, analyse and discover the nature of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration, assess the effectiveness of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration, and identify factors that affect the effectiveness of the role of the State Attorney in legal assistance in the field of Civil and State Administration. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework used in this research combines normative legal research and sociological legal research. Normative legal research analyses regulations and laws governing the role and function of the State Attorney, while sociological legal research assesses how these regulations are applied and perceived in practice by the public and related institutions. Method: The type of research conducted is descriptive, using a mixed approach between normative and sociological legal research. Data was collected through the study of legal documents, interviews with State Attorneys, and field observations at various agencies related to the Civil and State Administrative fields. Results and Discussion: The State Attorney plays a role in representing the legal interests of the state, government, BUMN/BUMD, and the community through legal assistance, law enforcement, legal considerations, services, and other legal actions. However, its role in resolving legal disputes in the civil and state administrative fields is still less effective, both through litigation and non-litigation channels, which are influenced by the substance of the law, human resources of the apparatus, facilities and infrastructure, public legal awareness, and legal culture. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of [insert field of study]. These implications could encompass [list impacted areas or sectors]. Originality/Value: The essence of the role of the State Attorney is to represent the legal interests of the state, government, BUMN / BUMD, and the community through various forms of legal assistance and action, but the effectiveness of its role in resolving legal disputes in the fields of Civil and State Administration is still less than optimal, influenced by legal substance, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, public legal awareness, and legal culture.

ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫЕ СИТУАЦИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА В МЕХАНИЗМЕ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНОВ ВНУТРЕННИХ ДЕЛ

World practice shows that terrorism and extremism, attacks on government institutions and govern-ment officials, riots and pogroms, sabotage and sabotage can take place in both leading and devel-oping countries of the world. Special state and law enforcement agencies have to act under extreme-ly dangerous conditions and conditions. The article examines the place of social emergencies in the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the activities of internal affairs bodies. The conclusion is made that the considered emergencies act as a legal fact in the form of illegal acts with an increased degree of public danger, giving rise to specific administrative legal relations that develop in the sphere of implementation by internal affairs bodies of state authority, which are not typical for everyday law enforcement activities. The criteria that distinguish social emergencies from everyday criminal situations are analyzed, and the author's definition of a social emergency is also given.

The Existence of Pretrial Institutions In The Enforcement Of Criminal Law

<p class="TableParagraph"><em>Milestone Born Based on the Constitutional Court Decision: 21/PUU-XII/2014 dated April 28, 2015, the authority of the Pretrial institution has increased by conducting an examination of the Investigator's actions in issuing a letter of determination of suspects, searches, and seizures coupled with the legality or absence of arrest and/or detention, termination of investigation or termination of prosecution upon request for the upholding of law and justice, and requests for compensation or rehabilitation. In legal practice, there are several Decisions that do not reflect the implementation of criminal procedure law in accordance with the scope of pretrial and create new authority in pretrial.</em></p><em>The norms of authority in the Criminal Procedure Code provide limitations/limitations that cannot be deviated by law enforcement, if law enforcement exercises its authority not based on laws and regulations, then law enforcement actions can be categorized as unlawful acts. Based on Article 24C paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 (third amendment), the Constitutional Court is a high state institution within the scope of judicial power (judicial) and the authority of the Constitutional Court is one of which is to test the Law against the 1945 Constitution. Suppose a decision that grants the application, has an impact on the invalidity of a norm and does not have binding legal force, then by itself, the decision cannot be separated from the Erga Omnes Principle which has legally binding force on all components of the nation, so all parties must submit and obey the decision ( Syukri Asy'ari, 2013). In legal practice, there are several Decisions that do not reflect the implementation of criminal procedure law in accordance with the scope of pretrial and create new authority in pretrial so that how does pretrial exist in the enforcement of criminal law</em>

Az állami és nem állami szereplők újragondolt szerepe a biztonság megteremtésében és fenntartásában.

Összefoglalás. A KDP keretén belül végzett kutatómunkám fókuszában a biztonság megteremtése és fenntartása állami és nem állami szereplői tevékenységének jelenkori állapotanalízise, a komplementer rendészeti szereplők rendészeti szerveket tehermentesítő, nemzetgazdasági szempontból is meghatározó jelentőségű vizsgálata áll. Jelen tanulmányomban az ezzel megegyező tartalmú PhD-kutatásom eredményeiről számolok be, kutatási jelentés formájában. Summary. The focus of my research within the framework of the KDP is the analysis of the current state of the activities of state and non-state actors in the creation and maintenance of security, and the analysis of the role of complementary law enforcement actors in relieving the burden on law enforcement agencies, which is of crucial importance from a national economic point of view. In this paper I report the results of my PhD research with the same content in the form of a research report. I will point out that law enforcement, and thus the state actors in the creation of our security, and in particular the activities of the police, have been and are being dealt with in many different ways. However, only a small number of police researchers have focused their attention on non-state actors in the field of security, on the specialised bodies and ‘peripheries’ of policing, and on the use of methods other than those that might be called traditional policing. The joint work of state and non-state actors, the complementary and mutually reinforcing role of the police in creating and maintaining our common security, and the possibility of rethinking the respective roles are also areas that have been little researched. My PhD research seeks to fill this gap, bearing in mind the fact that law enforcement practitioners expect the Doctoral School of Police Studies to provide recommendations for applied research that can be used in everyday practice. In my gap-filling research, I will explore my research questions and hypotheses in an unconventional way by drawing on what I consider to be relevant, almost half a thousand domestic and foreign source materials, personal interviews, study trips and the experience of an expert survey. I will reflect on the significance of private security research and then move back in time to examine the development of the concept of policing over time. I will juxtapose key ideas from works that are perhaps little known to many, but which are still of great scientific value today. In a comparative analysis of state and non-state actors in the field of security, I will present the actors of complementary policing, the ‘stepchildren of policing’, and I will focus on the experience of the domestic organisation of a major sporting event, EURO2020, which attracts large crowds. Internationally, I will look at the development of the public and private security sectors in Estonia, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, Bulgaria, England and Canada, and the activities of private military companies. On the basis of all these research experiences, I will interpret the functioning of the security industry, the value added by private security and thus the new structure of policing in the light of the “Security Rethought” questionnaire survey. Based on my research, I will attempt to unpack and explain the mechanisms of the relationship between state and non-state actors in the creation and maintenance of security. By interpreting the path to date and suggesting a possible future, I try to combine an academic approach with the knowledge that emerges from the work of practitioners. Emphasising the scientific need for change and improvement, and the fusion of dogmatics and practice, I seek, in the framework of this research, to address some of the issues that I consider controversial and, as a result of this confrontation, to stimulate further research and the development of alternative solutions for those who are open to the development of the emerging science of policing, by setting out the legislative and theoretical problems of the subject.

International legal standards and practices of European countries in combating domestic and gender-based violence

The relevance of this study lies in the need to improve the legal mechanisms for combating gender-based violence against the background of the increasing number of military conflicts in the world, which create favourable conditions for the latter. The purpose of this study was to analyse the regulatory provisions of international legislation and the practices of certain European countries in preventing manifestations of hatred based on sex and gender and combating domestic violence through criminal law measures. It was stated that legal standards defined by the regulations of international organisations, international treaties, and conventions underlie national and regional standards for combating domestic and gender-based violence. International legal principles of gender equality are defined by the regulatory framework of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the European Union, and the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and other global and European organisations. Human rights provisions recognised by the member states of these organisations through bilateral and multilateral treaties and implemented through ratification are the basis for the formation of national internal standards of the rights of women, children, and persons of all genders. The study concluded that national standards for guaranteeing and protecting human rights in the field of gender equality constitute an implementation of international standards and pan-European provisions, and their implementation in Ukrainian legislation can ensure sufficiently complete and effective implementation of legal measures to combat domestic and gender-based violence. The ideas formulated in this study are aimed at finding more effective criminal law means in lawmaking and law enforcement activities

Административно-правовые нормы как модели публичного управления

The article discusses the modeling method, which is successfully used not only in the natural and technical sciences, but also in the humanities. It is shown that this method is also used in legal research and law enforcement, and it has the greatest potential in the field of management. It is noted that one of the main advantages the using the modeling method in law is the opportunity to study the mechanism the action of legal norms and the organization of social relations. Based on the consideration of specific examples, it is concluded that administrative legal norms, being models of objective reality, can be successfully used to build optimal algorithms for law enforcement activities, which make it possible to use modern digital technologies in this process. It is argued that modeling has great prospects for improving the public administration process as a whole.

Административные акты нормативного характера

This article makes an attempt to characterize one of the types of administrative acts within the framework of the general typology of normative acts, which are important both in the doctrinal concept and in the practical activities of government bodies. The author sets himself the task of distinguishing between acts of delegated lawmaking (legislation) issued by executive authorities and administrative acts of a normative nature, which are not included in the concept of “by-laws” and belong to the type of administrative act. The article determines that acts that are not related to acts of delegated rule-making, but contain mandatory rules of conduct and act as acts of interpretation, have normative properties and are administrative regulations, the purpose of which is to organize law enforcement activities.

Legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction of crime against the economic system

This scientific article examines the legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of preventing and countering crime against the economic system. The conditions of globalization, internationalization and digital society have significantly increased the importance of international cooperation in the field of law enforcement activities for the formation and implementation of state policy on the prevention and counteraction of criminal offenses against the economic system. The rapid spread of globalization has led to the expansion of the scope of crime and corruption, which go beyond state control and violate the international legal order. The growing scale and threat of crime emphasizes the need to increase the importance of cooperation between states in the fight against this phenomenon, as well as conducting scientific research in this area. The results of the study confirm the need to determine the specifics of legal forms, tools and directions of international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and countermeasures. It has been established that national legislation provides for the use of various legal forms of international cooperation, including the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, participation in international organizations and cooperation with international police organizations such as INTERPOL, EUROPOL, ASEANAPOL, AMERIPOL, AFRIPOL, GCCPOL, AIMC. It is also important to take into account the specifics of the activities of these international police organizations. In addition, national sources of law were identified that regulate international cooperation in the field of law enforcement. These results highlight the need to develop effective strategies and policies to counter crime that threatens the economic system at the international level.

Issues of legality of procedural actions and adoption of procedural decisions in suspended criminal proceedings

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine in the part that regulates the grounds for stopping criminal proceedings, appealing the decision on such a stopping, as well as researching the grounds and criteria for taking procedural actions in stopped criminal proceedings. This research was carried out on the basis of the study and analysis of the works of Ukrainian scientists, materials of law enforcement activities, in particular, court decisions regarding the specified issue, as well as direct (empirical) experience in the field of criminal proceedings. In particular, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison), special-legal (comparative-legal, formal-legal, concrete-legal) systemic and functional methods were used as a methodology of scientific knowledge. During the study was investigated the issue of stopping and resuming the pre-trial investigation. The concepts of "procedural actions" and "procedural decisions" were analyzed, the current criminal procedural norms regulating the order of stopping the pre-trial investigation were evaluated, legislative gaps were identified that jeopardize the effectiveness of the criminal process and proposed ways of improving the content and construction of such norms. As a result of the research, a detailed analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine regarding the suspension of pre-trial investigation was carried out. Practical problematic aspects were identified, recommendations were presented and practical mechanisms for making changes to the norms of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine were proposed.