Law Degree Research Articles

English for lawyers: the design of foreign language training

The study deals with the development and design of the foreign language education program aimed for postgraduates getting a Master of Law Degree at Saint Petersburg University of the Ministry of the Internal Affairs of Russia. The research is needed to build relationships across courses while creating and implementing educational programs. The paper analyzes the concepts interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary education by researchers of national pedagogical science and foreign researchers. It also highlights the characteristics of interdisciplinary education, develops the structure of an interdisciplinary approach to learning a foreign language, and describes the elements of educational and methodological support of the course. It shows the process of the syllabus development as well as the coursebook creation and conducts a questionnaire. The study has shown that an interdisciplinary approach to teaching a foreign language is carried out through the reliance of a foreign language on specialized courses in order to establish significant, from students point of view, links between courses to develop foreign language communicative competence as well as improve professional knowledge through language, particularly, the ability to find, understand, synthesize and use knowledge of specialized courses through English and in English, expanding the professional and personal worldview.

Some Issues of Initiation of Administrative Proceedings in the Russian Federation

The paper examines some problems of the procedure for initiating administrative proceedings under Russian law. Administrative proceedings currently represent an independent procedural form of protection of public rights and interests, while being the «antipode» against civil proceedings. However, the administrative procedure legislation does not provide for any criterion for determining cases of public legal nature, which causes the problem of determining the applicable legal proceedings when initiating specific cases. The author proves that public law, unlike private law, always belongs to an unlimited number of persons. By virtue of this, cases of a public legal nature should also be determined based on the attribution of the disputed right. It is proposed to consolidate as a mandatory element of an administrative statement of claim the public nature of the right or interest violated, in the opinion of the administrative plaintiff, by acts, decisions or acts (or omissions to act) of public authorities. Since in a number of administrative cases the law provides for the mandatory participation of a judicial representative with a law degree or Cand. Sci. (Law) degree, it is proposed in such cases to fix the requirement to indicate in the administrative statement of claim the rules of law governing disputed legal relations, as well as regulatory and other legal acts to be applied in the case (by analogy with arbitration legal proceedings and the presentation of a statement by the prosecutor in civil proceedings). The rule of Article 128 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation (CAP) concerning the right of a court to refuse a person to accept an administrative statement of claim, if its content does not indicate a violation of his rights by a contested act of public authority, has been criticized. It is proposed to exclude this provision from CAP due to the contradiction of its legal position of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation.

Tecnología en la enseñanza de Licenciatura en Derecho. Percepción de los docentes de la Facultad de Derecho Mazatlán

As the legal profession begins to implement digital technology in the management of its services, more educational institutions that offer bachelor's degrees related to criminal sciences, such as Law, have included instruction with technology in their plans and study programs. The perspective of more lawyers with experience in digital tools is an advantage in offering legal services. New technologies, including the Internet, Web 2.0, multimedia, and social media, provide learning, teaching, and research opportunities for legal educators and students. In addition, they potentially streamline collaborations, sharing, and gathering information and feedback on relevant and essential topics. The benefits of computer-assisted instruction in legal education include a systematic approach, transparency, accountability, and innovative ways of communicating ideas through text and images. This paper aims to describe and analyze the use of digital technologies by teachers of the Law Degree of the Mazatlán Law School, of the Autonomous University of Sinaloa, in Mexico, in legal education. For this research, with a quantitative approach of a descriptive-cross-sectional method, a survey designed with 24 items in 3 categories, self-completed by 62 teachers, was applied. Among the main results, it was found that most study subjects consider the use of IT in the classroom necessary, but very few claims to have extensive knowledge of this technology.

Concepts of “Counsel” and “Prosecutor” as Perceived by Native Russian Speakers

The relevance of the article is determined by the deep interest of contemporary linguistics in studying language units from an anthropological perspective. Psycholinguistics, being one of such study areas, provides some tools to reveal the process of modern humans thinking and following some thought patterns. We assume that the judicial employees' professional worldview, shaped by a specific field of judiciary, and ordinary consciousness, formed under the influence of everyday life, reflects various linguistic world pictures of Russian speakers, which manifest through the images created while perceiving the same language units. Thus, the psycholinguistic method of free association seems to be the most relevant technique that makes it possible to study how the lexemes counsel and prosecutor find their expression in the linguistic consciousness of native Russian speakers. The article highlights the results of free association that represent the peculiarities of associative perception in professional, judicial and ordinary consciousness for the concepts mentioned above. The participants of the experiment were persons both with a law degree and not. The results of the experiment have shown that the lawyers professional worldview, when digesting the concepts proposed, shifts the focus to the subject area, in the images of a counsel and a prosecutor a lawyer sees their professional activity and competence. For ordinary consciousness, however, these images are connected to respondents' expectations and emotional attitude towards them, which enables to assess the connotations of these lexemes, being formed by ordinary consciousness.

The Influence of Physiological Learning Styles on the Completion of an Online Task in a Law Degree

Advances in educational technology offer many opportunities in the English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classroom: the development of students’ motivation and autonomy; the integration and evolution of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) with the emergence of different types of online learning tasks; or the concern of students’ Perceptual Learning Styles in multimodal environments. This study investigates new generations’ perceptual learning preferences and how digital tendencies may influence students’ academic achievement after the implementation of an online task (i.e., ‘Lesson’).
 An experimental (n=150) and a control group (n=21), from the first year of the bachelor’s degree in Law at a Spanish university participated in this study. Four stages were followed: (1) ‘Perceptual Learning Styles’ Questionnaire’ completion, (2) ‘Lesson’ performance, (3) online exam implementation, and (4) data analysis. After the intervention, results indicate the presence of the ‘Multimodal’ learning style and high levels of academic achievement of multimodal students.

Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream: The History of Homer G. Phillips Hospital By Candace O’Connor

Reviewed by: Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream: The History of Homer G. Phillips Hospital By Candace O’Connor Linda T. Wynn Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream: The History of Homer G. Phillips Hospital. By Candace O’Connor. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2021. Pp. xvi, 314. $40.00, ISBN 978-0-8262-2247-3.) Candace O’Connor’s Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream: The History of Homer G. Phillips Hospital is one of several books written about African American hospitals that came into existence because of de facto or de jure practices that decreed the separation of African Americans and whites in spaces that delivered health care and social services. When St. Louis’s Homer G. Phillips Hospital opened in 1937, it joined the ranks of other hospitals for African Americans founded in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries such as Chicago’s Provident Hospital and Training School, established in 1891; Philadelphia’s Frederick Douglass Memorial Hospital and Training School, established in 1895; Baltimore’s Provident Hospital and Free Dispensary, established in 1894; and Nashville’s Millie E. Hale Hospital, established in 1916. The number of these institutions peaked in the 1920s and 1930s, during a period when ambitious stratagems were developed for creating segregated medical training and practice facilities. These hospitals delivered a higher standard of medical care to African American patients and provided education and training for African American physicians and nurses. Like many African American medical institutions, Homer G. Phillips held a special place within its community’s collective memory. O’Connor’s book was prompted by an association of retired nurses who trained at Homer G. Phillips Hospital over the course of its four-decade existence. Through interviews [End Page 380] excavating the memories of those who studied and worked at “Homer G.,” O’Connor brings the narrative of a successful hospital and its attendant auxiliaries to life (p. xiii). However, Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream is more than a history of Homer G. It also provides significant perspectives on numerous themes including the Great Migration, the causes of systemic racism, the aftereffects of racial desegregation, and the overall spectrum of race relations in America from the late 1930s to the late 1970s. O’Connor has drawn on her extensive previous research into St. Louis’s medical institutions to explore the history of Homer G. Phillips Hospital. To bring its story to the printed page, she combed through “more than 40 years of stories from Black and white newspapers,” researched “stacks of scholarly books and articles,” and held “dozens of interviews” with former staff members and others associated directly or indirectly with the institution (p. xiii). To cover Homer G.’s impact on the community and beyond, O’Connor has divided the tome into chapters that chronicle the hospital’s forty-two-year history, tracing its events and vicissitudes through decades of operation. Yet Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream is also thematic and broaches wide-ranging topics such as the “Ville,” the thriving African American community that was home to “more than a third of the city’s Black leadership” (p. 5). Like many African American communities, the population of the Ville included “school-teachers and janitors; doctors and meat packers; lawyers and railroad men; hospital staff and domestics” (p. 5). Other major themes include hospital units and nursing life. Consisting of thirteen chapters, Climbing the Ladder, Chasing the Dream begins with “The Mysterious Life and Death of Homer G. Phillips, 1878–1931” and ends with an account of the hospital’s closure on August 17, 1979. The chapter on the hospital’s namesake is one of the book’s more intriguing contributions. Homer G. Phillips was an influential Black attorney with a law degree from Howard University. During the 1920s, he passionately supported the establishment of a hospital for St. Louis’s African American community. But Phillips was murdered in 1931, six years before his dream came to fruition. O’Connor’s historical chronicle develops into a true-crime account as the author investigates Phillips’s mystifying murder in a tome already brimming with captivating local history and personal stories. For more than forty years, one of the country...

Threat of Dissent: A History of Ideological Exclusion and Deportation in the United States

Threat of Dissent explores the United States’ history of excluding or deporting individuals (particularly non-citizens) that held ideological beliefs the US government viewed as threatening to American society. It shows how recent events have a long history that extends further back than the Red Scares of the twentieth century. Kraut's work details America's attempts to restrict or punish citizens, non-citizens, visitors, and residents who the US government deemed radicals.Beginning with the Alien Friends Act in the 1790s and concluding with the War on Terror in the 2000s, Threat of Dissent examines case studies of these ideological exclusions throughout different periods of American history. Organized chronologically, Kraut's book opens with the Alien Friends Act, Alien Enemies Act, and Sedition Act to show how Congress's creation of a Board of Special Inquiry, created to hear deportation cases, set the stage for later restrictions on immigration. Although restricting immigrants based on their health or wealth was already common, the Board introduced the idea of restrictions based on a person's beliefs. Kraut argues that President McKinley's assassination was a turning point that led to bans on anarchists entering the United States and anti-anarchist suppressions of speech such as the case of Emma Goldman, who lost her US citizenship. Wars or the threat of war also produced restrictive legislation; the 1924 Johnson-Reed Act was followed by the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act with both laws containing ideologically restrictive elements. The threat of Communism was another important factor that Kraut discussed, both in the wake of World War I as well as in the 1930s during the Great Depression. Kraut concludes her study by bridging the gap between the Cold War and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, with her final chapter discussing the War on Terror and its aftermath. Threat of Dissent brings the discussion to the present by highlighting the Trump administration's attempts to bar certain individuals from entering the country, particularly with the creation of a travel ban.Contributing an important piece to the historiography of both immigration studies and exclusions and deportations, the book achieves its stated goal to “explore the constitutionality of ideological restrictions” and the “intersection of American immigration and First Amendment law and history” (p. 9). Threat of Dissent was not written to provide a survey of restrictions throughout American immigration history, nor does it attempt to address discrimination based on non-ideological factors. Yet the work strongly demonstrates the author's historical knowledge of both the fields of legal and immigration history; Kraut holds a law degree from American University Washington College of Law and a PhD in History from New York University.The book's eight chapters each investigate a different ideological restriction presented to the US courts. While the information itself may not be new, the author's careful archival work is impressive in her recounting of each case study. The chapters themselves are also well organized, and students in particular will find the detailed conclusions at the end of each chapter a welcome addition. The author's clear, concise writing and her success at connecting the past to the present are major strengths of the work.Historians and experts in the field of legal or immigration studies will appreciate the book's careful scholarship, while students and the public will find Threat of Dissent accessible. The author's writing is free of jargon; whenever Kraut does use legal terminology, she includes definitions in parentheses. Additionally, the presence of at least one image per chapter—photographs, political cartoons, pamphlets, and posters—helps the reader visualize the actors involved with the different case studies. This book is engaging and well suited for undergraduate or graduate legal history courses, immigration and ethnicity courses, or as selected readings for either US history survey.

Features of the transformation of legal theory under martial law

Purpose. The aim of this work is to discuss the features of the functioning of legal theory and scientific activities under martial law. Methodology. The research is based on the analytical method, which is used to diagnose problems and generate hypotheses for their solutions. The methodology also includes critical thinking and evaluation of facts and data related to the research. The systemic and functional method was used to research the objectives of law degree education, changes in the legislation system in the conditions of war. The generalization method was used to systematize and interpret the results obtained during the research. Results. The study has provided the acknowledgement that scientific research in the field of law should be focused on the needs of our state under martial law. In such conditions, law degree education cannot be passive, but rather must significantly and dynamically influence the environment by forming a civilized democratic legal field. This is its positive role and educational mission. In view of this, the model of a legal specialist, who will meet the requirements for future legal professionals, as well as the model of their training should be clearly outlined. Scientific novelty. In the process of research, it was established that one of the priority issues of legal development in the conditions of war includes the problems of proper legal provision of national security, i.e. the state of security of man and the citizen as well as spiritual and material values of society from criminal and other illegal intrusions, emergency situations of natural and man-made nature, social conflicts within society, the risk of which increases significantly in the conditions of war. Under martial law, most elements of the rule of law are negatively affected in the form of relevant restrictions, the necessity of which is objective in nature due to the need to prevent global threats to the independence and territorial integrity of the state; to repel armed aggression; to ensure national security; to fight against real and potential threats to the rights and human freedoms. At the same time, in the context of the rule of law, the specified restrictions, firstly, should not relate to absolute (natural) human rights and freedoms, and secondly, they should be properly justified and correspond to the stated purpose of introducing martial law. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used for the methodology of scientific research.

My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World's Deadliest Migration Route by Sally Hayden

Reviewed by: My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World's Deadliest Migration Route by Sally Hayden Marja Karelia Hayden, Sally. My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World's Deadliest Migration Route. Brooklyn, NY: Melville House Publishing, 2022. Sally Hayden was at home in London when she received an urgent message on Facebook: "Hi sister Sally, we need your help. We are under bad condition in Libya prison. If you have time, I will tell you all the story" (xi). Thus begins My Fourth Time, We Drowned: Seeking Refuge on the World's Deadliest Migration Route. It is a harrowing documentation based on hundreds of interviews with migrants and refugees through various social media channels: journeys from Africa to Libya followed by a death-defying sea voyage to Europe. Sally Hayden's credentials are impeccable. She is an Irish investigative journalist focusing on migration, conflict, and humanitarian crises, particularly refugee issues. She has a law degree from University College, Dublin and an MSc in International Politics from Trinity College, Dublin. Her reporting has appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian, and elsewhere and has been featured on CNN International, Al Jazeera, and the BBC. Threading through her thought-provoking book is the refugee experience of a young man, who made the initial plea for help. At various points of his journey from Eritrea to Libya and to his many attempts to cross the Mediterranean Sea, Hayden reports on some of the wider issues surrounding that dangerous journey. Her contact information spreads among the refugees, while she explains her limitations as a reporter of not being able to help them directly. However, her contact information spreads throughout the detention camps and her book presents the results of a years-long investigation on the survival struggles and resilience of refugees living in deplorable conditions at Libyan detention camps [End Page 240] amid long-term political turmoil. Hayden includes numerous direct quotes by refugees, reporting them anonymously to protect the identity of her contacts and their families. One refugee informs her, "You are our hope to make the world know about us, to know our suffering in the hell country, Libya" (47). While reading her book, it becomes increasingly clear that the Central Mediterranean route deserves its reputation as the deadliest migrant route in the world: a journey from African countries, such as Eritrea, South Sudan, Somalia, and across the Sahara to Libya, and finally the deadly crossing to Italy. Smugglers and human traffickers transport their human cargo demanding exorbitant fees that frequently increase in mid-transit requiring the refugees, under immense life-threatening pressure, to contact their families for additional funds. Often the smuggler makes the call, as reported to Hayden by another refugee: "They call our parents to pay or kill us. That is ransom. They say if you are not paying, we will kill or cut his body by dividing the whole body into pieces. Like in a horror movie" (27). Heat, starvation, and thirst accompany the refugees throughout their journey, and thousands die in the desert or by drowning in the Mediterranean Sea. Unable to get permission to personally visit the camps, Hayden reports on the inhumane conditions at the detention camps based on interviews with her refugee contacts: only intermittent electricity, frequent physical torture, withholding and defiling of food and water as torture mechanisms, scant toilet facilities, minimal sleeping space, and lack of medical services. Hayden verifies the refugees' reports through her journalistic and other official sources, including UNHCR (United Nations Refugee Agency) and IOM (International Organization for Migration), who are intermittently denied entry into the detention centers, and it is frequently too dangerous to enter the camps due to intimidating attitudes of the Libyan guards. Therefore, Hayden relies mostly on the reports by the refugees living inside them. Hayden is highly critical of many NGOs, the UN, and particularly the European Union (EU) for adopting measures claiming to save lives and to end the migration crisis through the Central Mediterranean migration route. However, she reports that the funding of the Libyan Coast Guard for intercepting migrant boats on the way to Italy and returning the migrants to the...

A Generalized Configuration Model With Triadic Closure

In this paper we present a generalized configuration model with random triadic closure (GCTC). This model possesses five fundamental properties: large clustering coefficient, power law degree distribution, short path length, non-zero Pearson degree correlation, and existence of community structures. We analytically derive the Pearson degree correlation coefficient and the clustering coefficient of the proposed model. We select a few datasets of real-world networks. By simulation, we show that the GCTC model matches very well with the datasets in terms of Pearson degree correlations and clustering coefficients. We also test three well-known community detection algorithms on our model, the datasets and other three prevalent benchmark models. We show that the GCTC model performs equally well as the other three benchmark models. Finally, we perform influence diffusion on the GCTC model using the independent cascade model and the linear threshold model. We show that the influence spreads of the GCTC model are much closer to those of the datasets than the other benchmark models. This suggests that the GCTC model is a suitable tool to study network science problems where degree correlation or clustering plays an important role.

Forgotten Legacy: William McKinley, George Henry White, and the Struggle for Black Equality

To secure his party's nomination in 1896, William McKinley courted Black Republicans. George Henry White, a Black attorney elected to Congress from North Carolina that same year, was an ardent McKinley supporter. Benjamin R. Justesen, the author of a 2001 biography of White, documents the fitful political partnership between McKinley and the congressman. Justesen argues, first, that biographers of McKinley have minimized his commitment to African American political equality; and second, that White and McKinley orchestrated the largest number of Black appointments to federal positions of any president. (Despite civil service reforms a decade earlier, both parties still expected their presidents to reward loyalists.) Justesen argues that “McKinley's role as a sincere friend and benefactor of African Americans may be among the best-kept secrets of American political history” (p. 2). White came to office at a precarious moment for Black rights. Raised on his free family's turpentine farm, he earned a law degree at Howard University and served in the North Carolina legislature before running for Congress. An erudite speaker, he stumped for McKinley during the 1896 campaign. Yet the importance of Black votes to Republican candidates was waning. Southern states were flagrantly stripping African Americans of the franchise. During White's first term, white supremacists carried out a violent coup in Wilmington, North Carolina, to oust Black officeholders. In 1900 the state's voters approved an amendment to the state constitution to disfranchise Black residents. White used his prominence in Congress to implore his fellow Republicans to stop this violation of the Fifteenth Amendment.

Enseñanza del Derecho en tiempos de pandemia, una mirada desde el estudiante

The objective of the study was to analyze the results of the application of methods, instruments and strategies in the e-learning modality in the subject Labor Law and Social Security of the Bachelor of Law degree at the University of Granma, with a design approach. quantitative. Of the 112 students who made up the sample, 72.00% expressed total agreement with the virtual modality and its contribution to self-learning, responsibility, planning of study time and protagonism. 77.00% rated the tutoring, support and closeness of the teachers to the learning process as excellent; 82.00% totally agreed with the contribution made by technology to interaction and collaborative work; They indicated graphic organizers as relevant resources, concept maps (87.50%), infographics (25.00%) and tutorial videos (75.00%). The activities that most facilitated communication and teamwork were forums (89.28%), chats for synchronous communication (70.53%); Moodle tasks (82.00%) and WhatsApp groups (81.25%).

State Cannabis Legalization and Psychosis-Related Health Care Utilization

Psychosis is a hypothesized consequence of cannabis use. Legalization of cannabis could therefore be associated with an increase in rates of health care utilization for psychosis. To evaluate the association of state medical and recreational cannabis laws and commercialization with rates of psychosis-related health care utilization. Retrospective cohort design using state-level panel fixed effects to model within-state changes in monthly rates of psychosis-related health care claims as a function of state cannabis policy level, adjusting for time-varying state-level characteristics and state, year, and month fixed effects. Commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data for beneficiaries aged 16 years and older in all 50 US states and the District of Columbia, 2003 to 2017 were used. Data were analyzed from April 2021 to October 2022. State cannabis legalization policies were measured for each state and month based on law type (medical or recreational) and degree of commercialization (presence or absence of retail outlets). Outcomes were rates of psychosis-related diagnoses and prescribed antipsychotics. This study included 63 680 589 beneficiaries followed for 2 015 189 706 person-months. Women accounted for 51.8% of follow-up time with the majority of person-months recorded for those aged 65 years and older (77.3%) and among White beneficiaries (64.6%). Results from fully-adjusted models showed that, compared with no legalization policy, states with legalization policies experienced no statistically significant increase in rates of psychosis-related diagnoses (medical, no retail outlets: rate ratio [RR], 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.36; medical, retail outlets: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.96-1.61; recreational, no retail outlets: RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.93-2.04; recreational, retail outlets: RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.98-1.97) or prescribed antipsychotics (medical, no retail outlets RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88-1.13; medical, retail outlets: RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.19; recreational, no retail outlets: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84-1.51; recreational, retail outlets: RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.89-1.45). In exploratory secondary analyses, rates of psychosis-related diagnoses increased significantly among men, people aged 55 to 64 years, and Asian beneficiaries in states with recreational policies compared with no policy. In this retrospective cohort study of commercial and Medicare Advantage claims data, state medical and recreational cannabis policies were not associated with a statistically significant increase in rates of psychosis-related health outcomes. As states continue to introduce new cannabis policies, continued evaluation of psychosis as a potential consequence of state cannabis legalization may be informative.

Building a Western-Style Law Library in Shenzhen China: Peking University School of Transnational Law

As the library of the sole law school in the world that offers a dual degree in American common law (Juris Doctor) and a Chinese law degree (Juris Master), the Peking University School of Transnational Law Library shoulders the burden of knowledge transfer between East and West. This article provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the STL Law Library located on the Shenzhen campus of Peking University.

ЮРИДИЧНА ОСВІТА ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ АДМІНІСТРАТИВНОПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

The article examines the issues of administrative and legal regulation of legal education, in particular, its practical aspects. The authors note that quality education is a prerequisite for the implementation of democratic principles of state governance and social, political, economic, spiritual and cultural development of society. The authors emphasise that a special role in ensuring good public administration is played by professionals with legal education. Therefore, from year to year, legal education occupires top positions among university entrants. To study the peculiarities of administrative and legal regulation of legal education, the authors analyse previous scientific research in this area, explanations in the relevant acts regarding the regulation of major legal specialties, and attempts by legislators to regulate the concept of "legal education". It is established that in Ukraine, the Constitution enshrines the right of citizens to receive education, as well as the State's obligations to ensure it, which are primarily realised through lawmaking. In Ukraine, one can obtain a law degree in the following specialities: 081 Law and 293 International Law. The procedure for obtaining a legal degree is regulated by the state, which thus influences the regulation of legal education for students and creates conditions for ensuring quality education in the country. However, the quality of legal education depends not only on public administration institutions, but also on the management of the educational institution. That is why the process of obtaining a quality legal education is a complex phenomenon that requires the contribution of all parties in the system "state - educational institution - person wishing to obtain legal education". Having analysed the existing legal provisions, at this stage of development of our legal system, the authors consider the system of legal acts in the field of education, including legal education, to be satisfactory. However, the authors note that today the administrative and legal regulation of legal education is taking place in extremely difficult conditions of external aggression, martial law, economic and humanitarian crisis caused by Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine.

Towards improving the corporate lawyering skills base in South Africa through vocational education

Increased attention to vocational education in both law firms and in law schools in South Africa can improve the skills base in the legal services sector by upskilling junior attorneys. The location for this series of interventions should be in law practice and in law schools. We situate our discussion in the global literature of corporate lawyering, including some studies on legal services in Brazil. This contribution sketches the corporate lawyering vocational education which South African law graduates receive from law schools during an undergraduate law degree and the ad hoc practical training they may subsequently receive at law firms. Finally, it identifies and develops several options for improving South Africa’s corporate lawyering skills base, including experiential learning, the use of case studies, law school teaching partnerships with practitioners, and expanded clinical offerings.

Harriette Bailey Conn: Public Servant and Political Pioneer

Harriette Bailey Conn (1922–1981) was a political pioneer and a remarkable community leader as a woman of color in the mid-twentieth century. At a time when few women of color attended college, she not only graduated with a bachelor's degree but later returned to be the first woman of color to graduate from the Indiana University-Indianapolis (now McKinney) School of Law. She completed her law degree the year after giving birth to her seventh child. In her relatively short political career, she served as a deputy prosecuting attorney, state legislator, assistant city attorney, and, ultimately, state public defender. Through her work in less than three decades in government, Conn worked tirelessly to improve the conditions and circumstances within her community. This article examines her life and legacy as a political pioneer within Indianapolis and Indiana.

Turbulence and heat release rate network structure in hydrogen-enriched combustion

Complex network theory is used to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PRECCINSTA swirl burner, operating on hydrogen-methane fuel blends. At a power setting of 15 kW with equivalence ratio of 0.8 and hydrogen fuel fraction (HFF) ranging from 0% to 80%, period-1 and period-2 limit cycle oscillations as well as chaotic oscillations were observed. A turbulence network was constructed from the vorticity data obtained with particle image velocimetry. In addition, a heat release rate (HRR) correlation network was constructed from chemiluminescence images. Although the two networks concern a common thermoacoustic system, both exhibit significant differences: the turbulence network displays power law degree distribution, maintains small world property for all HFFs and is scale-free only in the absence of hydrogen enrichment. The HRR correlation network does not feature these properties, but hints at an asymmetric coupling between the heat release rate and the acoustic pressure for all HFFs. Furthermore, the HRR network is responsive to changes in HFF and the corresponding shifts in the dynamical state as well as in the root-mean-square of acoustic pressure. On the contrary, the turbulence network displays no such sensitivity and its properties are almost constant in the upper HFF range. It exhibits stationary hub structures for all the fuel blends tested, whereas the HRR correlation network is hub-free.

Analysis of the results of the EGEL CENEVAL of the UDG CUNORTE law degree CUNORTE school calendar 2022-A

The Universidad de Guadalajara, through the 25th Study Plan of the Law Degree, seeks to train in its classrooms a legal professional capable of achieving the graduate profile; and that, with the graduation of the first generation of the aforementioned study plan in the 2022-B calendar is the ideal time to answer the following research question: What are the areas with the highest and lowest scores obtained in the results of the General Exit Examination for Bachelor's Degree [EGEL] of the National Evaluation Centre for Higher Education [CENEVAL] and how do they relate to the graduate profile and curriculum of the degree course? The aim is to establish recommendations for improvement that emerge from the analysis in order to obtain better results in subsequent applications with the aim of strengthening the necessary areas that are identified. The study corresponds to a non-experimental exploratory work, where through documentary review and analysis of the results of the evaluation, the conclusion of a profile related and relevant to litigation within the practice of law is established.

About the Authors

About the Authors