Changes In Law Research Articles

Climate policies and legislation for renewable energy transition: The roles of financial sector and political institutions

Given the urgent need to address global ecological degradation and its accelerating impacts, countries worldwide are increasingly prioritizing the acceleration of the transition to renewable energy sources. In this quest for green development, economies are motivated to enact enabling policies and supportive legislation to facilitate an expedited transition. Within this context, the present study seeks to investigate the roles of financial development and political institutions––particularly corruption control, civil society participation, and democracy––as conditional factors that support clean energy policies and climate change legislation (laws and regulations) in accelerating renewable energy transition in the top-10 polluting economies between 1996 and 2019. By applying the augmented mean group technique, the empirical findings indicate that clean energy policies and climate change laws and regulations alone are ineffective in driving the transition to renewable energy. However, financial development and certain political institutions––such as corruption control, civil society participation, and democracy––have been identified as key contributors to this transition. The effectiveness of clean energy policies in accelerating the renewable energy transition depends on a well-developed financial sector to implement and enforce these policies effectively. Enacting clean energy policies, along with environmental laws and regulations, while supported by a well-developed financial sector, accelerates the transition to renewable energy. Moreover, enacting such policies and laws, coupled with strong corruption control and higher active civil society participation, creates an environment that enables the transition to renewable energy.

On the Writing of Natural Imagery in "House by Day, House by Night"

Olga Tokarczuk is a well-known female writer in Poland, whose works often reflect the deep meaning of reality through the description of daily things, and "House by Day, House by Night" is her masterpiece. The imagery in the work involves the grand natural world, from the cosmic celestial bodies to the earthly creatures. By observing celestial bodies, Tokarczuk uses the sun and moon to hint at the change of day and night and the laws of change and immutability in the universe, and uses comets as metaphors for natural and man-made disasters. By focusing on the earth, Tokarczuk uses forests as a sanctuary for natural life, using the dual perspective of the valley to demonstrate the close relationship between nature and people. Through dialogue with living beings, Tokarczuk reflects the laws of nature through the words and deeds of the old woman Marta, and alludes to the national character of Poland through mushroomism.

The Impact of Employee Proficiency on Tanzanian Procurement Contract Management; Evidence from Higher Learning Institutions

The impact of employee proficiency on Tanzanian procurement contract management; Evidence from higher learning institutions. Interviews, documentary reviews and questionnaires were used as the methods of data collection. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software version 22 was used specifically for the purpose of analyzing the quantitative, while qualitative data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed that an employee should be committed and well-skilled and also that an employer should train their staff on different issues related to procurement contracts management, assigning these tasks to the employees who are experienced enough, as all this leads to effective procurement contracts management. Staff competency has a significant positive influence on performance in procurement contracts management. The more the staff become competent in managing procurement contracts, the more the performance is improved. This indicated that staff are the key factors that will enable the organization to achieve its procurement contractual goals. It was discovered that many staff attended various training and seminars offered by regulators like Public Procurement Regulatory Authority (PPRA) and other professional bodies like the Procurement Supplies Professional and technician Board (PSPTB), therefore it was their fault that affected the effective management of procurement contract in Tanzania higher learning institutions. The study recommended that there must be regular training on procurement contract management for the public staff. The public sector should ensure that their employees are well-trained and educated on procurement contract management issues as it will enable the organization to have employees who will formulate and execute procurement contracts effectively and enable the organization to improve its procurement performance. Higher learning institutions should ensure their procurement officers receive procurement training frequently as needs arise due to frequent changes in procurement policies, procedures or laws. Higher learning institutions should train their employees to increase their skills in the interpretation of the contract. It is considered that well-experienced personnel in contract management are likely to perform great and enable the organization to perform well in contracts.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Force of Mooring Facilities in Pontoon based on ARIANE7

Using ARIANE7 software, a numerical model was established with reference to a river barging terminal in Chongqing. Single factor sensitivity analysis was used to analyze the sensitivity of different factors to the mooring force at each position of the pontoon. Through the software calculation, the dynamic response analysis of the relative change law of mooring force at each position of the pontoon was carried out, and the sensitivity analysis was carried out under different conditions of simulated wind flow.

Study on the propagation characteristics of gas explosions disturbed by crushed rock in tunnels through gas-containing stratum

Gas explosions pose a serious risk to tunnel construction when through a gas-containing stratum. The crushed rock accumulated in tunnel could have a significant impact on explosion. To understand the mechanism of crushed rock influence on gas explosion, methane/air explosion experiments under the crushed rock with different blockage ratios and void ratios were carried out using an independently designed experimental system. The results show that the crushed rock can significantly affect the explosion intensity, and the various blockage ratios show a higher degree of influence than the void ratio. The crushed rock has the combined effect of accelerating and quenching on the flame, and there has an optimum blockage that dramatically accelerates the flame propagation. The needle-shaped, divergent and reversed flames appeared with high blockage ratio and void ratio conditions. The velocity ratio (ratio of the flame front velocities upstream and downstream of the crushed rock) has an exponential function relationship with the blockage ratio. Under certain void ratio conditions, the maximum explosion overpressure shows a parabolic trend with increasing blockage ratio. This study is helpful to guide the understanding of the explosion characteristics under practical tunnel conditions and the change law of flame structure with crushed rock obstruction.

Legal Certainty of the Existence of Foreign Workers According to Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation

Through Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, it is easy for foreign workers to enter Indonesia because written permits are replaced by only using a plan for the use of foreign workers. The method used in this research is the normative or legal research method. As a normative legal research, the approach used by the author in discussing this problem is to use a statutory approach. From the results of the research, it is obtained that the policy regarding the regulation of foreign workers in Indonesia has been contained in several regulations, including Minister of Manpower Regulation Number 8 of 2021 which explains the implementation of Government Regulation Number 34 of 2021 concerning the Use of Foreign Workers, as well as Law Number 6 of 2023 which stipulates Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 into the Job Creation Law. The use of foreign workers actually aims to meet the needs of labour with certain skills and expertise in supporting the country's development, especially when the Indonesian workforce is still inadequate in achieving the necessary professionalism. The ratification of Law Number 11 of 2020 brought significant changes in the Labour Law by facilitating the entry of foreign workers into Indonesia, through the deletion and amendment of several articles. In relation to legal certainty regarding the use of foreign workers in Indonesia, Law No. 11/2020 stipulates procedures for the use of foreign workers in Indonesia

Role of Women in Police Organization BY IJISRT

The place of women in police organizations has changed significantly throughout time, breaking down gender stereotypes and changing law enforcement procedures all around the world. Women in law enforcement have a critical role in improving accountability and reducing the number of incidents involving the excessive use of force or other misbehavior. Their varied experiences and viewpoints aid in the creation and execution of more thorough policies, guaranteeing more openness and moral standards. Women in law enforcement are creating good change and serving as an inspiration to the next generation of officers, redefining the landscape of police. This article discusses the many ways that women have impacted police organizations, emphasizing how vital they are to fostering diversity, improving relationships, and advancing organizational success. Also it talks about the contribution of women, challenges face by them in the organization.

Cannabis use, health problems, and criminal offences in Germany: national and state-level trends between 2009 and 2021.

The German federal government plans to decriminalise cannabis. The impact of this policy on use prevalence, cannabis-related health and legal problems cannot be fully anticipated and should be viewed in context with current trends. We used routine data on (a) cannabis use (population-based surveys), (b) cannabis-related diagnoses (ICD-10 code F12) in outpatient medical settings and (c) minor law offences (registered violations against the narcotics law for possessing small amounts) to analyse age and sex-specific trends by federal state between 2009 and 2021. To enable comparisons across time and federal state besides crude prevalence rates, age-standardised rates were calculated. Between 2009 and 2021, the age-standardised prevalence of cannabis use (5.7-10.6%), rate of diagnoses (1.1-3.7 per 1,000), and legal offences (1.8-3.1 per 1,000) increased, with the largest increase noted for cannabis-related diagnoses. Relatively, increases were most pronounced for older users (40-to-59-year-olds: use and offences; 35-to-44-year-olds: cannabis-related diagnoses) and rather stagnant for minors. Cannabis use and health problems appear to be more pronounced in Northern and city states, while no clear geographic trend was observed for law offences. Cannabis-related outpatient treatment demand has risen more steeply than use prevalence suggesting an increasing challenge for the health care system. Despite rising rates for documented offences, the long-term implications of law violations on social and occupational life are poorly understood but may be considered for evaluations of the proposed law changes.

Microscopic mechanisms analysis of various dielectric response processes in oil‐paper insulation with different insulating states

AbstractVarious dielectric response processes in the oil‐paper insulation are sensitively affected by the insulating states (ageing degrees and moisture contents). However, the existing research is still incomplete in revealing the microscopic mechanisms of various dielectric response processes in oil‐paper insulation with different insulating states. Given this issue, the genetic algorithm is first adopted to extract the Dissado–Hill (D–H) model parameters by simulating the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) of oil‐paper insulation. Then, the change laws of the extracted D–H model parameters are adopted to reveal the microscopic mechanisms of various dielectric response processes. Microscopic mechanisms of four dielectric response processes are studied, which are quasi‐dc relaxation, loss peak relaxation, optical frequency relaxation, and DC conductance. Meanwhile, due to the dielectric response processes being dominated by various polar particles (methanol, ethanol, furfural, and water molecule), the contents of various ageing by‐products dissolved in the insulating oil are measured to support the above analysis. In this respect, a dielectric theoretical reference for the FDS technique to research the insulating states of oil‐paper insulation is provided.

Education increases patience: Evidence from a change in a compulsory schooling law

I investigate the causal effect of education on time preferences. To deal with the endogeneity of education, I exploit exogenous variation in education imposed by a Turkish school reform that raised compulsory education from five to eight years. I find that education causes individuals to make more patient inter-temporal choices but does not induce them to report being more patient. I also provide evidence that the effect of education on patient inter-temporal choices does not operate through changes in financial well-being.

A Ball-Contacting Dynamic Vibration Absorber with Adjustable Stiffness and Nonlinear Characteristics

Structural vibration has always been a major concern in the engineering field. A dynamic vibration absorber in the form of contacts with adjustable stiffness (CDVA) offers effective vibration suppression and can improve conventional dynamic vibration absorbers with high sensitivity to frequency deviation and difficulty in adjusting the frequency. In this research, first, based on the theoretical model of the contact between a rubber ball and an inner cone, the feasibility of changing the axial contact state to change the structure’s natural frequency was verified using an ANSYS simulation. A theoretical model of the static contact stiffness between the ball and the inner cone was constructed using Hertzian contact theory and Hooke’s law, and a theoretical model of the cubic nonlinear elastic restoring force was used to characterize the stiffness properties of the rubber ball during compressive rebound. The steady-state frequency response equations of the main vibration structure were derived using the averaging method in conjunction with the two-degree-of-freedom dynamics model, and the stability of the solutions to the frequency response equations was obtained in conjunction with the stability determination criterion. Then, the impact of the CDVA’s design parameters on the nonlinear dynamic response of the primary vibration structure was simulated and analyzed. The resulting findings can serve as guidance for designing dynamic vibration absorber parameters. Based on the principles of ball-inner cone contact, a dynamic vibration absorber structure was proposed. A design test was conducted to verify the correctness of the contact stiffness model, and an experimental study was carried out to investigate the law of change in the dynamic stiffness and damping of the principle structure of CDVA under dynamic excitation conditions. Finally, the vibration test platform of the solidly supported beam structure was constructed, and vibration suppression tests of the CDVA in different compression states were conducted to investigate the tunability and feasibility of CDVA vibration suppression. The results showed that the dynamic vibration absorber had good vibration absorption characteristics and could be used for single-mode vibration suppression of multimodal main structures.

Transfer of Authority for Secondary Education Management from District/City to Province (a Study in East Nusa Tenggara Province)

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the progress made, the challenges faced after the transfer, and the efforts to overcome them. Method: This is empirical legal research, involving interviews with informants from the District/City Education Offices, teachers and principals, and officials from the Provincial Education Office. Result and Discussion: The research indicates that the transfer of authority was not based on thorough considerations. There has been a policy regression in managing secondary education. Research Implications: The recommendation of this research is for the management of secondary education to be returned to the district/city governments through changes in regional government laws and policymakers should adhere to the principle of subsidiarity in dividing governmental affairs between levels of government. Originality/Value: The essence of regional autonomy policy lies in granting authority to regions to manage governmental affairs including education. Law on Regional Governments regulates that secondary education management has been transferred from district/city to province.

A Fractal-Based Quantitative Method for the Study of Fracture Evolution of Coal under Different Confining Pressures

To study the dynamic crack evolution process of loaded coal from the perspective of fractals, we carried out in situ industrial CT scanning tests of loaded coal under different confining pressures, visualizing loaded coal fracturing. Combined with fractal theory, the temporal and spatial evolution law of coal cracks is described quantitatively. The results provide two findings: (1) from the perspective of two-dimensional images and three-dimensional space, the evolution characteristics of cracks in coal under different confining pressures were basically the same in each loading stage. During the loading stages, the cracks exhibited a change rule of a slow reduction, initiation/development, rapid increase, expansion, and penetration. (2) The fractal dimension of coal was calculated by introducing fractal theory, and its change law was in good agreement with the dynamic changes of the cracks, which can explain the influence of the confining pressure on the loaded coal. The fractal dimension showed three stages: a slight decrease, a stable increase, and then a significant increase. The larger the confining pressure, the more obvious the limiting effect. Thus, our approach provides a more accurate method for evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of cracks in loaded coal. This study can be used to predict the instability failure of loaded coal samples.

Fostering an ideology of inclusivity: shared critical dialogue and self-reflexivity in the English classroom

ABSTRACT Despite a reported sociocultural shift in the public perception of rights affecting LGBTQ+ individuals and some changes in governmental policies and laws, there has not yet been a resulting shift in the overall K-12 pedagogical paradigm. Within the classroom, LGBTQ+ individuals and students growing up in LGBTQ+ households are frequently and actively silenced and, therefore, marginalised and stigmatised while LGBTQ+ topics and curricula are intentionally avoided. LGBTQ+ students, students raised in LGBTQ+ families, and LGBTQ+ educators may struggle to feel included within the heteronormative school environment. This lack of LGBTQ+ representation highlights potentially damaging implications for the microsystem of students, parents, and educators. To meet the needs of its LGBTQ+ population, schools must re-evaluate their current inclusivity practices and examine possible interventions to increase inclusion. Through a synthesis and discussion of the research literature rooted in Freire’s (2017) critical dialogue, the author examines possible solutions to increase perceptions of inclusion for the LGBTQ+ community from within the English classroom.

Optical solitons for the dispersive concatenation model with power law of self-phase modulation: undetermined coefficients

AbstractThis paper recovers 1-soliton solutions to the dispersive concatenation model that comes with power law of self-phase modulation. The method of undetermined coefficients has made this retrieval possible. The parameter constraints are listed for the existence of the solitons. While a full spectrum of solitons is enumerated and exhibited, it is proved that dark 1-solitons exist only for Kerr law of nonlinear refractive index change.

The Politics of German Idealism: Law and Social Change at the Turn of the 19th Century

The Politics of German Idealism: Law and Social Change at the Turn of the 19th Century

Transition from parliamentarism to presidentialism and the restructuring of the Turkish party system

ABSTRACT The role of institutional factors on party system change has received increasing scholarly attention. This article analyses the emergence of new trends in the structure of party competition in Turkey following the transition from parliamentarism to presidentialism in 2017. The newly-adopted presidential system endowed the president with extraordinary powers and reduced the role of the parliament. Presidential elections assumed central importance in electoral politics; competition was structured by pre-electoral coalitions and party alliances; more than two-thirds of the voters cast their ballots for one of the two main electoral alliances; and there was a trend towards the emergence of a bipolar party system. The analysis presented in this study emphasizes the role of institutional engineering, especially the introduction of presidentialism and changes in electoral laws, as major factors in the restructuring of the Turkish party system.

Hungarian civil procedure law’s response to the Covid challenge

Abstract Civil procedural law had to react quickly to the Covid-19 pandemic to ensure that litigants had access to the court system despite the closure of court buildings. In Hungary, e-trials were made possible by special government decisions, which were interpreted by the Supreme Court (Kúria) to help lower courts to develop uniform case law. As a result of the Digital Courts Programme launched in 2018, the computerisation of courts and judges was in a good state at the time of the outbreak, which helped greatly to address the situation. The paper examines changes in Hungarian civil procedure law during the first three waves of the pandemic in a chronological manner. In its conclusions, it takes stock of the changes that can enhance access to the justice system and legal entities, even after the epidemic.

EXAMINING THE BASIS OF MAQASHID SYARIAH IN RENEWAL OF ISLAMIC LAW IN INDONESIA

Renewal of Islamic law in Indonesia occurred due to social changes in society along with the development of technology and science. This social change in turn demands new laws that are based on human needs without destroying their religious aspects. Therefore, the corridor used in every exploration of Islamic law is to understand the literal meaning of the Al-Quran and Sunnah. A reformer, including those in Indonesia, must be able to understand maqasyid al-syari'at , namely the purpose of the Shari'a revealed only for the benefit of humans. This research attempts to capture the dynamics of Islamic legal reform in Indonesia by looking at the extent to which maqashid sharia functions as a driving aspect of this change. This research is qualitative in nature through empirical and normative approaches, namely by looking at maqashid sharia theories which are applied empirically in the renewal of Islamic law in Indonesia. From the research results, it was found that maqashid sharia reasoning has long been developed and practiced by ulama in efforts to reform Islamic law, both before Indonesian independence and after Indonesian independence. This gives a sign that Indonesian scholars and society in general are familiar with maqashid sharia. Another finding is that the decisions taken through maqashid sharia reasoning in the context of legal reform in Indonesia have consistently been able to adapt to social changes in Indonesia in almost all sectors, legal, social and economic without violating general sharia provisions. So that legal reform efforts in Indonesia have been able to achieve the objectives of the Shari'a in protecting religion, soul, mind, property and descendants. It was marked by the birth of several rules based on maqashid sharia reasoning which were in accordance with the needs of social and societal change

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A BASIC PROBLEM WHEN IMPLEMENTING AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

Innovative technologies that use artificial intelligence in transport solutions recently emerging around the world include, among others issues of autonomous vehicle driving. The use of autonomous vehicle technology affects the issues of civil liability (liability and insurance), road safety, natural environment (energy efficiency, renewable energy sources), data (access, exchange, protection, privacy), IT infrastructure (effective and reliable communication), employment (creation and loss of jobs, training of truck drivers in the use of automated vehicles). The development of new technologies related to artificial intelligence, including autonomous vehicles, generates inevitable changes in law, economy and society. It is inevitable due to the fact that autonomy is undoubtedly a means to achieve the goal of improving the efficiency sought in every area of life. The article presents arguments confirming the thesis that the basic factor inhibiting the implementation of autonomous vehicle technology is the problem of artificial intelligence, including its definition and legal regulation.