Latin American Literature Research Articles

Infections Caused By S. aureus MRSA and Natural Antimicrobial Mechanisms to Reduce These Contaminants

The advance of S.aureus infections, strain/clone identification methods prevalent in hospitals and resistant to antimicrobials needs to be rapidly effective due to the shortage of new antimicrobial agents. Objective: of this work is to perform a literature review on the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant strains of S.aureus in circulation in Brazil. An integrative literature review was used, which allows summarizing previous research and obtaining general conclusions from them to analyze the scientific knowledge on the subject to be investigated. Methodology:The databases consulted were Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), International Health Sciences Literature (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Literature Review: dissemination in Brazil are: Brazilian epidemic clone (ST239/SCCmecIII) and the Pediatric clone (USA400), are in circulation in hospitals in Brazil, these present a genetic pattern of virulence factors (SCC mec I to IV), PVL proteins, among others, differentiated between them and the Brazilian region with more studies is the Southeast region. Conclusion: Studies are needed to provide greater knowledge about the molecular epidemiology, evolution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country.

Neuroprotective Potential of Seed Extracts: Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death. Studies suggest that some seed extracts have a neuroprotective effect. Considering the increased incidence of these diseases and the need for new effective therapies with fewer side effects, this review aimed to assess the evidence of the efficacy and safety of seed extracts in experimental models of neurodegeneration. The search was carried out through studies published between 2000 and 2021 in Science Direct, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) databases, in which the effects of seed extracts in in vitro and in vivo experimental models of neurodegeneration were investigated. Based on the eligibility criteria, 47 studies were selected for this review. In the in vitro models, the neuroprotection of the seed extracts was a result of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. In the in vivo models, neuroprotection resulted from the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, a decrease in motor deficits, an improvement in learning and memory, as well as the increased release of neurotransmitters. The results show promise for the future of clinical research on new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the studies are still limited, which does not allow us to extrapolate the results to human beings with ND. Therefore, clinical trials are needed in order to prove the results of the in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as to assess the ideal, safe, and effective dose of these seed extracts in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Self-Care Requisites for People with Intestinal Ostomies: A Scoping Review

Self-care is one of the main factors altered in the life of a person with an ostomy. Self-care requisites with nursing support are necessary. Objectives: To map the self-care requisites for people with intestinal ostomies in their adaptive process, guided by Orem’s theory. Materials and methodology: A scoping review was conducted between May and June 2022, in which studies published from 2000 to 2022 were selected, based on Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory. The sources of evidence used were Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cinahl, Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Nursing database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal, Theses Canada, DART-Europe E-Theses Portal, and National ETD Portal. Studies presenting at least one requisite of self-care for people with intestinal ostomies, whether or not they addressed Orem’s theory, and that were published in full were included. We followed the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA International Guide, registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/XRH5K). The following descriptors and search strategies were used: (ostomy OR colostomy OR ileostomy OR stoma) AND (self-care OR self-management) AND (adaptation OR adjustment). Results: The final sample was composed of 87 studies. In universal requisites, studies in the category “nutritional aspects” predominated, of which the most frequent was “eat regularly and follow a balanced diet” (23; 26.4%); in developmental requisites, the prevalent category was “stoma and peristomal skin care” and requisite “assess peristomal skin integrity” (27; 31.0%); in the health deviation requisites, the predominant category was “choice of collection equipment and adjuvant products” and the requisite “use hydrocolloid powder to absorb moisture in cases of dermatitis” (13; 14.9%). Conclusions: The study contributes to guiding the assistance to the person with an ostomy, improving the self-care learning process. However, new intervention studies are still needed.

The Use of ‘Magical Realism’ in the Works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez: A Descriptive Study

Known for own brand of magical realism, Gabriel Garcia Marquez is one of the most renownedwriters of the 20th century. Marquez creates a surreal and dreamlike ambiance that blurs the linesbetween reality and fantasy in books and short tales by fusing parts of the actual world withmythical and magical events. The use of magical realism in Marquez's most well-known books,including ‘One Hundred Years of Solitude’, ‘Love in the Time of Cholera’, and ‘The Autumn ofthe Patriarch’, is examined in this study. The study looks at the different ways in whichMarquez's usage of magical realism reflects the political, social, and cultural upbringing. Itexamines the symbolism and imagery used to convey a sense of magical realism and considershow this strategy affects how the reader interprets Marquez’s works. The study also examinesthe literary influences that helped Marquez develop the writing style, including Latin Americanliterature and Franz Kafka's works. The case that Marquez's use of magical realism in theseworks is a potent method for delving into a variety of challenging themes and concepts, such asidentity, memory, love, and power. Marquez has secured the position in the canon of greatliterature because to this distinctive and effective literary device

The employment of the nutrigenomic tool in the prevention and reduction of obesity problems: a review

Introduction: The use of the nutrigenomics tool in the prevention and reduction of obesity problems. Objective: To discuss, through the literature, the interaction between genes, nutrient, and their association with obesity, to convey to the health professional a broader and more detailed and understandable view of the advantages of using nutrigenomics in the prevention or aggravation of this morbidity condition. Methods: Exploratory bibliographic research for its development, articles found in the scientific electronic databases Scielo, Medline, Bireme, and Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) in the area of nutrigenomics indexed in the years 2012 to 2018 were selected. Results: Concerning obesity, several studies prove that the control of the need for food intake is affected by polymorphisms in genes encoding peripheral signaling peptides, such as insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. In addition, it is also affected by energy homeostasis that involves changes in PLIN and UCPs genes. Diets based on nutritional needs, nutritional status, and genotype are factors in the prevention and control of obesity and several chronic diseases. Conclusion: Nutrigenomics represents the latest in nutrition science. Health professionals need to know and scientifically debate this new science, showing the health benefits it grants and directing actions that enable the future insertion of this practice in the context of population programs based on public policies for the construction of new paradigms related to the treatment of obesity.

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries.

Psychosocial and pharmacologic interventions to reduce harmful alcohol use in low- and middle-income countries.

SELF-ESTEEM, SELF-CONCEPT AND SELF-IMAGE

Self-esteem corresponds to a feeling of personal worth and self-respect, considering a positive or negative evaluation of oneself, while self-concept is attributed a descriptive and evaluative character, the first being related to self-image and the second to self-esteem. In order to build healthy self-esteem, the involvement of family members and school staff is strictly necessary, in order to provide a safe and motivating environment for children and adolescents. Thus, this article has the general objective of understanding the processes of building self-esteem, self-concept and self-image during child development, through the influences of the environment and affective relationships between the people with whom the child lives. The study is a review of narrative literature, through publications/articles in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) and Virtual Health Library (BVS). Studies have shown the importance of developing a positive self-concept to have a good quality of life. For that, the relationships that the individual establishes in the family, in the school, in his social environment are fundamental for the formation of the self-concept.

KNOWLEDGE OF NURSES ABOUT INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation (MV), in recent years, has been considered the main alternative to replace, totally or partially, the respiratory function of patients in pathological conditions, especially in cases of acute respiratory failure (ARF). It consists, basically, in the use of a mechanical device that will artificially provide the body with the necessary ventilation and oxygenation to maintain life. Its main function is to send a volume of air (ventilate), with a determined concentration of oxygen (FiO2) per unit of time (minute) in order to perform gas exchange, and can be applied invasively or non-invasively with positive pressure in the airways. OBJECTIVE: Faced with the presented problem, the objective was, in the light of the scientific literature, to identify the knowledge of nurses about invasive mechanical ventilation. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review, whose bibliographic survey was carried out from December 2022 to January 2023, in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Medical Literature Analyzes and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Spanish Bibliographic Index of Health Sciences (IBECS) and the Nursing Database (BDENF) indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL) portal. In the aforementioned databases, the advanced search method was applied, categorizing the titles and abstracts, where the search was performed by crossing the following Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS): “Nurses and Nurses”; “Artificial respiration”; “Mechanical ventilation” using the Boolean AND operator. Taking into account the following inclusion criteria: complete articles, available for download and reading in full; published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the last 05 years and excluding duplicate articles in the databases. The data obtained were extracted in full, and a descriptive-interpretive synthesis was elaborated, discussed in the light of the scientific literature pertinent to the study theme. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the results point to a limited knowledge of nursing professionals about invasive mechanical ventilation. Care practices such as: pain management, sedation control, mobilization, attention to clinical parameters, pressure injury prevention and applicability of Care Systematization are essential to direct quality care. Thus, the need for training emerges from the permanent education process. CONCLUSION: Through the results presented, it can be considered that the objective of this research was achieved, allowing to demonstrate the knowledge of the nursing professional regarding the patient under invasive mechanical ventilation. In view of this, it is evident that the deficiencies and lack of professional skills exist, however, there are strategies that can be devised to reverse this reality.

THE ROLE OF THE OCCUPATIONAL NURSE IN LABOR PRACTICES IN THE VARIOUS OCCUPATIONAL LEVELS

Objective: To know how nursing care is carried out in the various sectors of occupational health care. Methods: this is an integrative literature review, based on the search for scientific articles in the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Science (Lilacs); virtual health library (VHL), with the search for data between the years 2014 to 2021. Results: 2,233 articles were found and only two remained, where they identified that the nurse has a fundamental role in the prevention and help in cases of occupational diseases. Conclusion: We conclude our bibliographical review by reporting a great difficulty in research on the subject, as there are few published literature on the subject.

Evidence on Vocal Interventions in Adults: A Scoping Review

To map the evidence on vocal intervention in people over 18 years old. A literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, SpeechBITE, and Web of Science. Gray literature was also used as an information source through searches on Google Scholar, Open Grey, ProQuest Dissertation and Thesis, and the Brazilian digital library of theses and dissertations. Systematic reviews (SR) with a population of individuals over 18 years old were included. The included reviews addressed speech-language pathology interventions in the vocal area with reports of their respective outcome. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was analyzed using the AMSTAR II tool. Quantitative analysis was performed by frequency distribution, and qualitative research was analyzed through narrative synthesis. A total of 2,443 references were retrieved, among which 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies had critically low quality, lacking the use of population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) components. Among the included SRs, 40% were made in Brazil, 45% were published in the Journal of Voice, and 75% analyzed dysphonic patients. The most frequent intervention was voice therapy (direct therapy associated with indirect therapy approaches). Positive results were observed in most of the outcomes for all studies. Voice therapy was described as inducing positive effects for voice rehabilitation. However, due to the critically low quality of studies, the literature did not enable us to understand the best results for each intervention. Well-designed studies are necessary to clarify the relationship between the intervention goal and how the intervention was evaluated.

Journeys and Exile in Roberto Bolaño’s Novel The Savage Detectives

The Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003) is one of the most important representatives of Latin American literature of the last century. His novel The Savage Detectives (1998) represents a profound meditation on the meanings of journey, exile, initiation and quest, the author following some great writers of the past (from Homer and Virgil to James Joyce) and finding new and original ways to express his ideas. His characters, mainly intellectuals, are restless travelers or wanderers; they lose and subsequently find themselves in order to discover a deeper meaning of the world around. In this context, literature saves them from failure and offers them all the possibility of spiritual salvation. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2023 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

Specifics of the Latin American world view construction

There are two main strategies for a world view formation in a literary work: the first one is direct, when the writer focuses on the national reality itself recreating it as a self-sufficient phenomenon independent of «someone else’s view»; the second one is «reverse». Its main feature is that the world view is formed in the process of a constant comparison with another culture, exploring and evaluating their own culture through the eyes of a foreigner. In Western European literature, the direct strategy is extremely dominant, whereas in Latin American literature, the reverse strategy has acquired the significance it has never had in the European one. It is proved by two ways in which the reverse strategy manifests itself: the first one is «looking outside», that is, the assertion of the uniqueness of Latin American reality through its juxtaposition with the European one; the second one is «looking from outside», which offers the perception of Latin American reality by an «outsider». The question arises: what factors have determined the dominance of the reverse strategy in Latin American literature? One of the reasons is that the latter has evolved by absorbing and processing the European literary patterns: this path of evolution is defined as «the search for one’s own in someone else’s». But this is not the only factor. Since the 16th century, the era of the birth of Latin American culture, the mode of perception of America has been formed as the opposition of the New World to the Old World and contained the motive of amazement at the «miraculous» reality, which was preserved in the genetic memory of culture materializing in the 20th century as magic realism.

A Scoping Review of Footwear Worn by People With Diabetes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Implications for Ulcer Prevention Programs.

International guidelines advise people with diabetes to wear close-toed, thick-soled footwear to protect against foot ulceration. However, this type of footwear is incompatible with some of the cultures, climates, and socioeconomic conditions in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review aims to summarize what is known about footwear used by people with diabetes in LMICs and consider whether international diabetic foot guidelines are practical and actionable in these contexts, given current practices. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and African Journals Online were searched for articles that documented the footwear used by people with diabetes in LMICs. Twenty-five studies from 13 countries were eligible for inclusion and indicated that a large proportion of people with diabetes wear footwear that is considered inappropriate by current guidance, with sandals and flip-flops being popular choices in a majority of the studies. Reasons given for these choices include poverty, lack of awareness of and provider communication about the importance of footwear selection, comfort, and cultural norms. We recommend that LMIC health care systems relying on international guidelines critically consider whether their recommendations are sensible in their settings. Diabetic foot experts and LMIC-based health care stakeholders should collaborate to design alternative guidelines, strategies, and interventions specifically for LMIC contexts to increase preventative practice feasibility and uptake.

Dental implants in large animal models with experimental systemic diseases: A systematic review.

This systematic review aims to identify and discuss the most used methodologies in pre-clinical studies for the evaluation of the implementation of dental implants in systemically compromised pigs and sheep. This study provides support and guidance for future research, as well as for the prevention of unnecessary animal wastage and sacrifice. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used as a guideline; electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Directory of Open Access Journals, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and gray literature until January 2022 (PROSPERO/CRD42021270119). Sixty-eight articles were chosen from the 2439 results. Most studies were conducted in pigs, mainly the Göttinger and Domesticus breeds. Healthy animals with implants installed in the jaws were predominant among the pig studies. Of the studies evaluating the effect of systemic diseases on osseointegration, 42% were performed in osteoporotic sheep, 32% in diabetic sheep, and 26% in diabetic pigs. Osteoporosis was primarily induced by bilateral ovariectomy and mainly assessed by X-ray densitometry. Diabetes was induced predominantly by intravenous streptozotocin and was confirmed by blood glucose analysis. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were the most frequently employed in the evaluation of osseointegration. The animal models presented unique methodologies for each species in the studies that evaluated dental implants in the context of systemic diseases. Understanding the most commonly used techniques will help methodological choices and the performance of future studies in implantology.

Cultural Capital: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

<i>Cultural Capital</i>: Reflections from a Latin Americanist

Chrystal Ann Chemris. The Spanish Baroque and Latin American Literary Modernity: Writing in Constellation

Chrystal Ann Chemris. <i>The Spanish Baroque and Latin American Literary Modernity: Writing in Constellation</i>

The Moon as the Patroness of Doubles and Magic. Miguel Ángel Asturias and His Guatemala Dream

The subject of this paper is the image of the Moon in the works of the Guatemalan indigenist writer Miguel Ángel Asturias. His artistic reality can undoubtedly be called magical. Nobel laureate, he let the voice and spirit of Guatemala into his works, revived the mythological and legendary past of his country. Here Maya myths, witchcraft and dreams are closely intertwined with reality. In Asturias’ Guatemala universe the Moon rules the over mythological space and time, carries the heroes into the world of dreams, rituals, magic and shapeshifting. The image of the Moon is the key to understanding Latin American literature, and within the artistic image of Latin American night helps a person to perceive himself and the true essence of being. The Moon is Asturias’ works possesses the property of mirror and dublicates reality, creates the doubles and is the one itself. In this paper we consider the influence of the moonlight on the landscape and the metamorphoses it initiates in the Asturias’s characters. The Moon becomes the conductor of the mystic gift to change the world by words in “Legend of the Singing Tablets”, helps the “Men of Maize” characters to unite with their naguals, reveals the image of love in the play “Kukulkan” and tunes the ritual time in all the works named.

Study of the biological and taxonomic characteristics of the families Megamerinidae, Nemestrinidae and Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera)

Regarding the biology of the Megamerinidae family, their larvae live under the bark of dying or dead deciduous trees where they are predators or scavengers of the larvae of other insects. Adults, which are rarely captured, are found mainly in wooded areas, close to the larval habitat, mainly on trunks and leaves. All known larvae of Nemestrinidae are internal parasitoids of nymphs and adults of locusts and beetle larvae. This makes the nemestrinids have the potential to be used as biological control agents for Mantodea. Nemestrinid adults are often found hovering around flowers where they feed on nectar, emitting a characteristic buzzing sound. The family of Therevidae biology is poorly understood. Adults are diurnal and many can live for more than a month under favorable conditions. They often go out to sunny spots on trails, the males usually waiting for the females to pass. Resting sites are generally specific to different species Larvae feed on other insects, mainly beetles, butterflies, moths and other flies that live in leaf litter, tree holes, or sandy terrains. Study of the biological and taxonomic characteristics of the families Megamerinidae, Nemestrinidae and Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera). The methodological basis of the present work consists of bibliographical research of scientific articles published in national and international academic scientific journals classified by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). The search criterion for articles was prioritizing articles dealing with the topic. Document analysis was used as a data collection method to gather information on the websites of the University of São Paulo (http://www.usp.br/), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (http:// www.bireme.br/), Scielo (http://www.scielo.org) and University of Brasília (http://www.bce.unb.br/sistemas/pesq_bibliografica.php).

Models of Quality Management Systems Applied in Specialized Services for the Donation and Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues

BackgroundQuality management tools and models are used to improve processes and products, including those related to organ and tissue donation and transplantation protocols. This study aims to map, discuss, and disseminate models/tools of quality management systems applied in health services, specializing in the donation and/or transplantation of human organs and tissues. MethodsThis is an integrative literature review over the last 10 years, operationalized through searches carried out on the PubMed portal and the databases: SciVerse Scopus (SCOPUS), Scielo, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Database (BDENF), and the Virtual Health Library (BVS). The organization of search results in the databases and the election of articles compatible with the guiding question and the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study took place through the online and free application platform Rayyan. ResultsSix hundred seventy-eight records were found, of which, after careful analysis, 18 articles were considered relevant to the theme. We identified 17 quality management models and/or tools that emphasize using scientifically proven and/or validated techniques to reduce or eliminate the possibility of risks in the processes that permeate the stages of donation and transplantation of organs and tissues. ConclusionThis review brought the possible tools used and published, which can be perceived, reproduced, and improved, through the role of the multidisciplinary team in specialized centers for the donation and transplantation of human organs and tissues, aiming to offer a process of continuous improvement management to deliver better products and services.

Impact of bariatric surgery on oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on the oral health status of obese individuals. The search was performed on the Cochrane Library, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Grey literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and MedRxiv. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Pre- and post-surgical moments were compared through random effects meta-analysis. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) assessment tool was used to judge the certainty of evidence. After searching the databases, 908 references were retrieved, with 30 articles selected for synthesis. When comparing the pre- and postoperative moments, there was no difference in the index of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Furthermore, salivary flow and probing depth presented a slight increase. Post-surgery patients showed an increase (%) in tooth wear at the dentin level [MD = -6.23; IC95% = -8.45--4.01; I2 = 0%]. Patients undergoing BS show no difference when considering the rate of caries or missing teeth and little to no effect was observed on salivary flow rates and periodontal probing depth. On the other hand, greater attention should be given to dentin wear in post-surgical patients of BS. Patients undergoing BS should receive careful monitoring regarding oral health by doctors, dentists, and the entire multidisciplinary team involved before and after the surgical procedure.