Lathyrus Sativus Research Articles

Biochar and Other Organic Amendments Improve the Physicochemical Properties of Soil in Highly Degraded Habitat

Land degradation is an endless challenge in the world. Thus, rehabilitation with organic amendments (OAs) is an urgent priority issue. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of biochar and other OAs application on soil physicochemical properties and growth parameters of cover crops in greenhouse. Biochar, compost and manure were used as OAs. Soil samples were collected from nine random corners of 30 cm depth and composited. In each experiment, five treatments were considered (biochar, compost, manure, mixed and control) at 1:1 ratio of OAs and soil in a pot, with completely randomized design arrangement in triplicate. The field experiment was made on completely randomized block design and each block contained five 41 x 4 m plots assigned at random within the block and separated by 1 m walkways. OAs additions increased soil pH (5.69-8.13), cation exchange capacity (43.78-49.98 cmolc/kg), organic carbon (1.41-2.46%), organic matter (2.43-3.91%), total nitrogen (0.13-0.76%), available P (18.89-28.53 ppm) and (iron, Fe, manganese, Mn, copper, Cu and zinc, Zn) in comparison to non-treated soil. Tripartite treatments had the largest effect on the biomass of cover crops with 3.43 g fivefold of the control (0.7 g) in alfalfa and 4.54 g twofold of the control (2.07 g) in grass pea p ≤ 0.05. Both in field and greenhouse experiments combination of biochar and other OAs showed a better soil fertility increment and plant growth parameters. The study concluded that there is a synergistic effect in OAs on the soil fertility restoration and plant growth performance.

First Report on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Causing Watermelon Fusarium Wilt in Bangladesh

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a popular summer fruit in Bangladesh. Production of this fruit was 293,956 and 253,661 metric tons in 2014–2015 and 2016–2017, respectively (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 2017). Watermelon fields were affected by pest and diseases before harvest in 2018 (Star Country Desk 2018). During February to March 2018, 30 to 70% of watermelon plants wilted were observed in commercial fields of Subornachar (22.662586° N, 91.094281° E), Noakhali, Bangladesh. The infected stems and roots (2- to 3-cm pieces) were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 5 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, and placed on half-strength potato dextrose agar (PDA). The culture plates were incubated at 25 ± 2°C for 7 days and purified to obtain single-spore isolates. The single-spored isolates produced flat, round, light purple mycelial growth on the surface and reverse of PDA plates. Hyphae were smooth, hyaline, branched, and septate. Macroconidia were mainly fusiform with three septa. Single-celled oval microconidia were produced in monophialidic conidiophores that looked like false heads. Fungal inoculum of two isolates, NSWF001 and NSWF004, were prepared with a mixture of sterilized broken maize, wheat bran, and grass pea pod seed coat (1:10:5 w/w) for soil inoculation. Thirty-five pieces (5 mm in diameter) of PDA grown with 7-day-old mycelium of each isolate were used to inoculate into 1 kg of mixture and incubated for 10 days at room temperature with a 12-h photoperiod. To confirm their pathogenicity, 15-day-old seedlings (10 seedlings/isolate, repeated three times) of watermelon cultivar Sugar Emperor were transplanted into 9-cm-diameter pots filled with soil (treated with 10 g of inoculum/kg of soil). After 2 weeks, the transplanted seedlings in the inoculated soil showed stunted growth and wilt symptoms similar to those observed in the farmer’s fields. The control seedlings remained healthy. Light orange discoloration was observed on crown tissues in longitudinal cut of stems and roots of inoculated seedlings. Control seedlings remained symptomless. The fungus was successfully reisolated from stems and roots of infected seedlings on half-strength PDA with the same morphological characters as before, which fulfilled Koch’s postulates. The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the two isolates were amplified by using primers ITS-1/ITS-4 (White et al. 1990). The ITS sequences of the two isolates NSWF001 (481 bp) and NSWF004 (479 bp) (GenBank accession nos. MN148629 and MN148630) showed 100% similarity with e-value of 0 to the reference sequences of Fusarium oxysporum (MN633363) and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum (KX275296). In Fusarium MLST database, both NSWF001 and NSWF004 isolates revealed 100% similarity with isolate CBS 159.57 of F. oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis. O’Donnell et al. (2009) found F. oxysporum f. sp. forming a cluster with different groups of the F. oxysporum species complex because of its polyphyletic nature. Based on the aligned sequences of ITS, molecular phylogenetic analysis by the maximum likelihood method, the isolates NSWF001 and NSWF004 were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The isolates are stored on dried filter paper at –20°C and archived at the Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of watermelon Fusarium wilt caused F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum in Bangladesh.

Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Germination and Growth Characteristics of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Seed under Drought Stress

Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Germination and Growth Characteristics of Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Seed under Drought Stress

Leaf waxes from Lathyrus sativus: short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying in a viviparous insect

Lathyrus sativus L. (Fabaceae) is an important pulse crop of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Infestation by the aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) causes stunted growth of plants and reduces seed production. Females lay nymphs on the leaves and flowers of L. sativus. Hence, it is relevant to study the importance of leaf wax compounds (long-chain alkanes and free fatty acids) from two cultivars [BIO L 212 Ratan (BIO) and Nirmal B-1 (NIR)] of L. sativus as short-range attractant and stimulant for nymph laying in the aphid. The TLC, GC-MS and GC-FID analyses of n-hexane extracts from leaves of two cultivars revealed 18 n-alkanes from n-C15 to n-C36 and 14 free fatty acids from C12:0 to C22:0. Pentadecane was predominant among n-alkanes in both cultivars. Palmitoleic acid and pentadecanoic acid were predominant free fatty acids in leaf waxes of BIO and NIR, respectively. Females were attracted towards leaf waxes of both cultivars compared to the control solvent (n-hexane) in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. A synthetic blend of either pentadecane, tridecanoic acid, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of BIO, or pentadecane, docosane, pentacosane, heptacosane, tritriacontane, and linoleic acid at similar amounts present in one leaf equivalent wax of NIR acted as short-range attractant and stimulated females to lay nymphs. But, the latter blend was more attractive and stimulated females to lay more nymphs than the former blend, and hence, this latter blend could be employed in the development of baited traps in pest management strategies.

Grass Pea Consumption and Present Scenario of Neurolathyrism in the South Central Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Grass pea can be consumed as supplementary nutrients in a diet without a neurolathyrism health problem among all classes of people in the south-central coastal area of Bangladesh. The study aimed at assessing the grass pea consumption pattern in diet and detection of neurolathyrism patients over 400 respondents among four villages. An investigation was also done on various paralytic admitted patients at hospital in the south central coastal region of Bangladesh. Among respondents of four villages 63% were male, 38.75% was illiterate, 41.5% was completed primary education and 30% of respondent’s monthly income Tk. 6000-9500 was maximum. Among respondents 89.6% consumed grass pea was 1/3 or less than cereal at its proportion in a meal and they all consumed meat, fish, egg, vegetables also. In grass pea food items 25.25% respondents prefer Dal barta was maximum and Dobakhesari (snack) 0.75% was lowest. 95.75% respondent was used various spices like onion, garlic, chili, tamarind etc. with grass pea to making food items to increasing its palatability and testes.

In situ effects of Lathyrus sativus- PGPR to remediate and restore quality and fertility of Pb and Cd polluted soils.

Rehabilitation of heavy metals contaminated soils using association between legumes and beneficial rhizospheric microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) is a major challenge in agronomy. The present study focuses on assessing the impact of field inoculation with I1 (Rhizobium leguminosarum (M5)+Bacillus simplex+Luteibacter sp.+Variovorax sp.) and I5 (R. leguminosarum (M5)+Pseudomonas fluorescens (K23)+Luteibacter sp.+Variovorax sp.) on growth and phytoremediation potential of Lathyrus sativus plants as well as soil quality and fertility. The experimentation was carried out in mine tailings of northern Tunisia. Obtained Results indicated that the in situ inoculation with I1 and I5 significantly increased the shoots (47% and 22%) and roots dry weights (22% and 29%), as well as nodules number (48% and 31%), respectively, compared to uninoculated plants. The maximum Pb accumulation in the above-ground tissue was recorded in plants inoculated with I5 (1180.85mgkg-1 DW). At the same time, we noticed a reduction in total Pb and Cd in the rhizosphere of inoculated plots mainly in those inoculated with I5 reaching 46% and 61%, respectively, compared to uninoculated plots. Likewise, I5 inoculum significantly enhanced soil total nitrogen (35%) and available phosphorus (100%), as well as β-glucosidase (16%), urease (32%) and alkaline phosphatase (12%) activities. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of L. sativus inoculated with I5 inoculum formed by mixing efficient and heavy metals resistant PGPR to boost an efficient reclamation of Cd and Pb contaminated soils and, ultimately, to improve their quality and fertility.

Genetically diverse lentil- and faba bean-nodulating rhizobia are present in soils across Central and Southern Ethiopia.

In total 196 bacterial isolates were obtained from root nodules of lentil (Lens culinaris) and faba bean (Vicia faba) grown on soil samples collected from 10 different sites in central and southern parts of Ethiopia. All isolates were identified as members of the genus Rhizobium by using recA gene sequence analysis. In the recA phylogenetic tree 195 rhizobial strains were classified into nine genospecies. The phylogeny of symbiotic genes nodC and nifH revealed five and six distinct groups respectively, largely dominated by symbiovar viciae. A multivariate analysis showed that environmental variables of the sampling sites considered in this study had more effect on the distribution and composition of the genospecies than the host legumes of the strains. Twenty representative strains, selected based on their isolation site, host plant and nodC group, were able to nodulate all lentil, faba bean, field pea (Pisum abyssinicum) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) plants in a greenhouse test in axenic conditions. The majority of the rhizobial strains were effective nitrogen-fixing symbionts for all tested legumes, indicating their potential to serve as broad host-range inoculants in agriculture. The present work suggests the presence of taxonomically and symbiotically diverse rhizobial species for legumes in the Viciae tribe in Ethiopia.

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles mitigates the adverse effects of salinity stress on Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Germination and Seedling development

Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles mitigates the adverse effects of salinity stress on Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Germination and Seedling development

Продуктивність короткоротаційної сівозміни з різними бобовими культурами на чорноземі типовому

Goal. To analyze results of long-term research in productivity of different short field crop rotations in conditions of left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific and special: long-term field — to determine quantitative performance metrics of short crop rotations, and analytical. Results. They determined the yield of crops in crop rotations, as well as the calculated productivity of different 4-filed rotations. The positive role is emphasized by leguminous predecessors for leading grain crop of Ukraine — winter wheat. It is revealed that the use of pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture in the short crop rotation increases the yields of winter wheat and root crops of the 3rd culture of crop rotation — sugar beet. The influence of crop rotations on crop yield in the 4th year of the rotation (spring barley) is somewhat reduced. The role of fallow in the crop rotation is known. Numerous studies have established that in the conditions of insufficient and unstable moistening the best precursor for winter wheat is clean fallow. The fallow makes it possible to prepare the soil, retain enough moisture and nutrients in the form available to plants practically at any weather conditions. This helps to obtain high yields of winter wheat, but the productivity of the 4-field crop rotations with this precursor is greatly reduced. This primarily happens due to the lack of products in the field of clean fallow. Conclusions. In the conditions of unstable moistening of the left bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine on typical chernozem, the higher output of food-protein units was got in the crop rotations with soybean, pea, lentil and vetch-oat mixture. The worse indices were got in the rotation with Lathyrus sativus L. The low productivity had short crop rotations with silage maize and beans. Studies revealed a significant reduction in the productivity of crop rotation with a clean fallow. It provided minimal productivity due to the lack of production in the first field.

Genotyping of Low β-ODAP Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) Germplasm with EST-SSR Markers

Abstract Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important protein source in arid regions as both human and animal food. Despite its significance, the use of grass pea is limited by the presence of β-N-oxalyl-L-a,b-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP) which can cause neurological disorders. Breeding studies in grass pea have therefore focused on developing high-yielding varieties with low β-ODAP content. However, the narrow range of genetic diversity and the restricted genomic tools in grass pea have slowed progress in such breeding. The present investigation was conducted to explore the genetic diversity of low β-ODAP germplasm consisting of 22 accessions with 31 EST-SSR markers. The molecular analyses revealed a total of 133 alleles ranging from 142 to 330 bp with a mean number of alleles per locus of 4.29. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) value was calculated as 0.49, and the EST-SSRs in loci S5, S6 and S116 were of the most informative PICs. A dendrogram based on Nei’s genetic distance matrix revealed that breeding lines were grouped in two main clusters. Genetic distances were higher between GP6/GP11, GP4/GP11 and GP5/GP8 accessions which could be further used in crop improvement studies for developing wider genetic diversity.

Development of SSR markers and association studies of markers with phenology and yield-related traits in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important food crop cultivated in dryland agricultural ecosystem. It is an important source of dietary protein to millions of people living in low-income countries in South-east Asia and Africa. The present study emphasises the development of genomic resources and their application in marker–trait association for plant phenology and yield-related traits in lathyrus. In silico mining of nucleotide sequences identified 203 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs, of which trimer repeats (62%) were most abundant followed by tetramer (19%), hexamer (10%), pentamer (6%) and dimer (3%) nucleotide repeats. Of 150 SSR markers screened, 60 markers were amplified 75 alleles from 50 germplasm lines with 2–3 alleles per locus and the polymorphic information content of 0.45 was observed. We report 6 significant marker–trait associations using the developed SSR markers for plant phenology and yield-related traits following mixed linear model (Q+K) analysis. Gene ontology search of trait linked markers revealed marker regions encoding genes related to homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-6-like, rubredoxin family protein, and cationic peroxidise. Understanding the association of novel alleles in trait expression will play a significant role in future lathyrus crop improvement programmes.

Molecular characterization of L. sativus L. collection based on ISSR markers

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker system was used to evaluate the genetic diversity of local and introduced grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes. A total of 144 bands were amplified using 10 ISSR markers, of which 122 were polymorphic among the accessions. The percentage of DNA polymorphism varied from 66.6% to 96%, with a mean of 86%. UBC 857, UBC 810 and UBC 835 with high effective multiplex ratio (EMR), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) values were estimated as the most informative primers for distinguishing L. sativus genotypes. High genetic diversity was detected in the grass pea germplasm. The genetic diversity index (GDI) ranged between 0.42 and 0.92, with an average value of 0.75 for the whole collection. The cluster analysis with 5000 bootstrapping value divided grasspea accessions into four major clusters. Most accessions were placed into the same cluster close to each other with regard to their botanical varieties. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) agreed with the cluster analysis and clearly discriminated the accessions into two genetically distinct groups. The first three coordinate axes accounted for 84.3% of the total variation. The result of the cluster and PCoA analyzes underline the importance of consideration of botanical variety traits in grasspea breeding programs. It can be concluded that the present germplasm constitutes an important pool of diversity for further genetic analysis, linkage mapping and breeding activities.

HİDROPONİK YEŞİL YEM ÜRETİMİNDE ARPA, BUĞDAY VE MÜRDÜMÜĞÜN VERİM VE KALİTELERİNİ

In recent years, it has been observed that the use of hydroponic green forages has become widespread in animal nutrition. Production of hydoponic green forage is based on the germination of the grains with a certain period of time in hydroponic environment, instead of giving the animals directly. With the germination of the grain, green feed is obtained with high enzyme activity, vitamin content, protein and fiber but lower dry matter content. It is important that the grains used in the production of hydroponic green forage have effective and rapid germination ability. Thus, grains such as barley and corn are used for this purpose and their harvest is generally done on the 7th day. However, there is not enough information in the literature about the suitability of the harvest time and the use of legumes in the hydroponic system. In this study, the usage potentials and optimum harvesting periods of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) in hydroponic green forage production were investigated. For this purpose, all three plants were harvested on the 6th, 7th and 8th days in hydroponic environment and the dry matter, protein, ADF, NDF and mineral contents of these days were examined. And the results obtained were compared with grains. According to this, when compared to grain, it was seen that the dry matter content of all three plants decreased and protein, ADF and NDF content increased in hydroponic system. The mineral content, on the other hand, increased in barley and wheat, while decreased in grass pea. Harvest time was determined as an important factor for the studied characteristics and it was determined that the quality and dry matter amount of all three species decreased on the 8th day, therefore it was determined that they would be harvested on the 7th day in terms of highest gain.

Forage and seed yield, relationships among its acters in some grass pea (Lat

Forage and seed yield, relationships among its acters in some grass pea (Lat

Studies on genetic variability, divergence and association of characters in grass pea

Studies on genetic variability, divergence and association of characters in grass pea

Biology, Ecology, and Management Strategies for Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Pulse Crops

AbstractPea aphid, Acyrthospihon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the key pests of pulse crops worldwide. The aphid has a broad host range, infesting crops such as faba bean, lupin, alfalfa, lentil, chickpea, grass pea, and pea. This broad host range with a complex life cycle and ability to quickly adapt to new environmental conditions make it difficult to control this pest. Different studies focusing on the biology, ecology, and management practices of A. pisum, along with case studies conducted on different integrated pest management strategies such as host plant resistance, cultural, genetic, biological, and chemical control are reviewed here.

Powder from chickling vetch valves in the production of functional biscuits

Currently, it is necessary to search for non-traditional sources of plant raw materials characterized by a high content of indigestible polysaccharides having a beneficial effect on human body functions. One of the rich sources of high-molecular carbohydrates is the chickling vetch valves. The use of a new type of raw material in food production will expand the range of functional food products. The technology of powder from chickling vetch valves is developed, its organoleptic quality indicators are determined and the period of storage in warehouse premises is set. Based on the results of the study of the chemical composition of the powder, it was found that it is a valuable source of fiber, lignin, hemicellulose and pectin substances. It was found that when the powder is introduced into the recipe of biscuits in the amount of 1.1-2.2 % by weight of flour, the best organoleptic and physico-chemical quality indicators of finished products are achieved. It was found that when consuming 100 g of the developed products, the human body’s need for dietary fiber is met by 18.3-23.2 %.

Rheological Properties of Mixed Gel Based on Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum and Lathyrus sativa protein isolate

Rheological Properties of Mixed Gel Based on Lepidium perfoliatum seed gum and Lathyrus sativa protein isolate

Plant macroremains from Sarethi: An Early Historic site in Saryu region of Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh

The paper highlights additional data on the carbonized remains of crop plants, weeds and wild taxa recovered from excavations at Sarethi, a multicultural site in district Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh. The field–crops are represented by the grains and seeds of Oryza sativa (rice), Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), T. sphaerococcum (dwarf wheat), Pisum arvense (field pea), Lens culinaris (lentil), Lathyrus sativus (grass pea), Vigna sp. (green/black gram), Macrotyloma uniflorum (horse gram), Linum usitatissimum (linseed), and Gossypium arboreum/herbaceum (cotton) dating back to 200 BCE–700 CE. In addition, few weeds and wild taxa denotative of cultivated fields and surrounding vegetation have also been recorded in the assemblage. The plant remains have been discussed and compared with the information on plant based subsistence economy from other sites in the region.

A convenient and robust protocol for preparation of ODAP-free Lathyrus sativus protein

The present study aimed to develop a protocol for easy removal of β-ODAP neurotoxin by converting it into its isomer α-ODAP (reported to be less toxic) followed by its separation from the protein fraction in pH dependent manner. Use of β-mercaptoethanol prevented aggregate formation and increased solubility of the prepared Lathyrus sativus protein. Validation of ODAP removal by paper chromatography and mass spectrometry indicated the robustness of the protocol. Removal of ODAP and presence of high antioxidants and homoarginine content can enable Lathyrus sativus to be an alternate source of protein, as well as have other health benefits, including benefits for patients with cardiovascular diseases.