Latest Method Research Articles

Measures precises d'intensites absolues de rayonnements γ pour des emetteurs α

The intensities of the γ transitions per α decay in the energy interval between 50 keV and 325 keV have been accurately measured. Two main methods have been used for this purpose, according to the different nuclide to be studied: comparison between direct α and γ ray spectrum ( 241Am and 227Th) and bidimensional α-γ coincidence spectra ( 230U, 228Th and 226Th). With this latest method several internal conversion coefficients were measured and found in good agreement with the Pauli's tables. In other cases where the γ-rays are very weakly converted ( 222Ra and 224Ra) an indirect method was used for determining the γ-intensities using the theoretical values contained in the previous tables. With this set of γ-emitters it becomes possible to determine accurately the absolute efficiency of the γ detectors [Ge(Li) for instance].

The vacuum aspiration method for interruption of early pregnancy

The latest method of interruption of pregnancy by the vacuum aspiration method is described. A report is made on a total number of 517 patients in whom the procedure was carried out. In one group of 302 cases the method was applied after artificial dilatation of the cervical canal under a short period of anesthesia. In the second group of 215 patients the method was applied without artificial dilatation of the cervical canal and without any anesthetic. A group of an additional 286 cases in whom the pregnancy was interrupted in the conventional manner by means of abortion forceps and curettage was observed as controls. The vacuum aspiration method has proved to have the following advantages: less loss of blood, shorter duration of the procedure, less pain, and fewer and milder early or late complications. The possibility of avoiding the artificial dilatation of the cervical canal is described.

TESTING OF WOODEN TELEPHONE AND TRANSMISSION POLES FOR STRENGTH AT THE FOREST PRODUCTS INSTITUTE

Summary The latest method of testing poles for strength at the Forest Products Institute is described in detail. The results of over 2,160 pole tests on different species appear in tabular form. Different methods are outlined of developing working stresses for poles from test data. Results of tests initiated to obtain the strength of green and seasoned poles of the principal pole-producing species grown in the Union are given and reveal but a small increase in strength occasioned by drying.

Evidence against corticotrophin-like action of melanophore hormone on the adrenal cortex of mice.

Jores (1933) reported a pronounced enlargement of the adrenal cortex of immature rabbits after treatment with melanophore hormone. Similar results were obtained with guinea pigs (Holmquist, 1934) and rats (Jores & Beck, 1934). These findings are now considered with renewed interest as they subscribe to the recent claims that melanophore hormone is either identical or very similar to corticotrophin (Sulman, 1952 a, b, c, d; Johnsson & Högberg, 1952). However, as melanophore hormone preparations obtained now are more potent and are tested rigorously for any possible contaminant hormones, the problem of the action of melanophore hormone on the adrenal cortex merits a reinvestigation with preparations obtained by a latest method. The data which we have presented in this report clearly indicate that contrary to the earlier findings, melanophore hormone fails to elicit any response in the adrenal cortex. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Twentyfour female mice of a strain imported from Switzerland, weighing

ANISEIKONIA

The introduction of aniseikonic lenses has not changed the cardinal points of refraction. The chief aim of the refractionist is still to relieve asthenopia and to prescribe glasses as seldom as possible. Much of the fundamental knowledge about aniseikonia has been known but unused for many years.1Out of recent studies has come a method of measuring and correcting errors in the size and shape of the ocular images so sensitive that existing errors may be corrected to the limits of observation. The latest method (with the American Optical eikonometer) is simple and rapid in most cases, and the aniseikonic glasses do not differ greatly in appearance from ordinary power lenses. The average person with 20/20 vision is able to recognize repeatedly differences of 0.25 per cent in the size of the ocular images, while the astute observer may note differences of 0.10 per cent.2 Few clinicians care

Airlane Liquid Spraying

A report on the latest method of applying liquid sprays by airplane. A discussion of types of insecticides and fungicides used, methods of applying, speed, results, advantages, etc. Illustrations.

AKINESIS DURING CATARACT EXTRACTION

Forced closure of the eyelids, or "squeezing," often with accompanying loss of vitreous, is a frequent and much dreaded complication of cataract extraction. "Squeezing" may be prevented by injections which temporarily paralyze the branches of the facial nerve which supply the muscles of lid closure. Van Lint¹was the first to publish a method of thus securing akinesis ; later, Villard,²Wright,³Derby⁴and Robinson⁵modified the original procedure. Recently, Wright advocated an entirely different type of injection. With the exception of Wright in his latest method, all of the surgeons named make their injections at different points near the bony orbital rim. Also, in each case multiple injections are made with a long needle which traverses the tissues for some distance. This type of injection produces some bulging of the soft parts surrounding the lids, which may at times give rise to

Selective Package Conveyors

Abstract Severe competition is forcing every manufacturing industry to secure the most efficient layout of machinery and the maximum output from every square foot of floor space. Economical handling of materials, orders, letters, and instructions within the plant are important to secure the highest efficiency. Conveyors of many types are now available, and “selective” conveyors are an important variety. These are adapted for automatically delivering packages or materials to various predetermined points selected by the sender at the time the material is dispatched. The selection of destination may be determined by the size or weight of the package itself or by the position of a movable finger or selective pin. If the material to be transported is carried in trays or tote boxes over a conveyor system the movable selective finger can be mounted upon the upper front edge of the tray. This selective finger, for light service, may itself be used to deflect the tray from a conveyor by means of a switch bar, or may operate an electric circuit maker to control the movement of a heavy deflector bar. The latest method of selection employs a separate pilot car carrying the selective pin and followed upon the conveyor belt by a string of boxes, cartons, or bags which are all going to the same destination. The procession is followed by a caboose car carrying a selective pin which releases the deflector bar after the caboose has passed and allows the deflector to swing out of the path of passing pilot cars until another car approaches with its selective pin in the proper position to operate this particular deflector.

The Latest Method of Sewage Treatment

Journal AWWAVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 869-870 Discussion The Latest Method of Sewage Treatment† Edward Bartow, Edward BartowSearch for more papers by this author Edward Bartow, Edward BartowSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 September 1916 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1916.tb11938.x †Published in the June, 1916, Journal, vol. 3, No. 2, at pp. 327–345. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume3, Issue3September 1916Pages 869-870 RelatedInformation

The Latest Method of Sewage Treatment

Journal AWWAVolume 3, Issue 2 p. 327-345 Article The Latest Method of Sewage Treatment† Edward Bartow, Edward BartowSearch for more papers by this author Edward Bartow, Edward BartowSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1916 https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1916.tb11901.x †A paper read at meeting of Iowa Section American Water Works Association, December 3, 1915. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume3, Issue2June 1916Pages 327-345 RelatedInformation

Practical Organic and Bio-chemistry

THE speedy appearance of a new edition of this work indicates that it has established itself as a trustworthy and useful aid to practical biochemistry. The chief characteristics of the previous edition, to which attention was directed in NATURE of January 13, 1916 (vol. xcvi., p. 532), remain quite unaltered, and only slight changes in detail have been introduced. These are comparatively few in number, and take the1 form of modifications of methods of analysis and preparation rendered necessary by new publications. Thus trie new methods of preparation of the bile acids, due to Schryver and to Mair, and the latest method of estimating glucose in blood (MacLean), are fully given. A new plate of absorption spectra forms the frontispiece, and includes the spectra of chlorophyll and other leaf pigments, as well as those of the colouring matters of the blood and urine. Appropriately for the times the remarks on diet have been recast, but the few lines devoted to “vitamines” scarcely do justice to the present state of our information with regard to those important dietary constituents. Practical Organic and Bio-chemistry. By R. H. A. Plimmer. New and revised edition. Pp. x + 636. (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1918.) Price 18s. net.

REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON STANDARD METHODS OF PREPARING DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN

TIHE Committee on Standard Methods of Preparing Diphtheria Antitoxin reported fully to the Association four years ago. During this period some progress has been made and for this reason a supplementary report is submitted. Injections.-In some laboratories injections are made at shorter intervals than heretofore with the object of reaching the stage of productiveness in a shorter time. The amount injected is increased rapidly. Close observation of the horses will show whether the increase is too great. By this procedure the pioductivre period may be reached in six to eight weeks. Antitoxin is given with the first dose or before. It is advocated by some to inject a given dose in a large number of places rather than give larger amounts in few places. The treatment of abscesses seems to ,meet 'with some difficulties. Sterilizing the' skin with tincture of iodine and again painting iodine over the needle hole-seems to have good effect. Where the blood is defibrinated special care has to be exercised to avoid contaminations. Horses.-Doctor Anderson proposes application of the Romer test before immunization as this might be of assistance in selecting suitable horses. Preparing Toxin.-Imported pepton is not on the market at present. In some laboratories domestic pepton has been used. It would be interesting to learn the results. On the whole, domestic pepton does not seem to yield foxins of as high potency as Witte pepton. Refining and Concentrating the Serum. -Doctor Banzhaf's latest method is given as follows: The citrated plasma is diluted with one half its volume of water and saturated ammonium sulphate solution up to 30 per cent. saturation, i. e., 7 ccm. of diluted plasma to 3 ccm. of saturated ammonium sulphate solution. The diluted plasma containing 30 per cent. saturated ammonium sulphate solution is heated to 600 C. in a water bath. The water is kept at 660 C. The length of time to heat the plasma ammonium sulphate solution up to 600 should take about two hours for the best results. It' is essential to keep the pots covered during the heating to prevent loss of water by evaporation. It is also essential to stir the mixture frequently to insure uniform heating. When the mixture reaches 600 C. it is held at this temperature for about 15 minutes. The contents are filtered immediately. The precipitate containing the fibrin and euglobulin, although filtration has practically ceased, will retain considerable of the fluid which contains anti-

A New Method of Colour Photography

THE latest method of colour photography distinguished as the “Warner Powrie” process, and is well illustrated at the first exahibition of the Society of Colour Photographers, which will close on October 26. It will presumably be some little time before the plates are generally obtainable, but so far as can be from the examples shown and the details of their preparation, it is a process that will offer special advantages. Mr. Powerie has been working at the subject for many years, and has succeeded in producing a triple-coloured lined screen with better and finer has been possible by previous methods, and without either gap or overlap. He discards ruling in favour of a very ingenious method of printing that does away with all need for the troublesome registration that becomes almost impossible with fine lines. The glass is coated with a bichromated colloid, exposed under a black-lined screen that has spaces half the width of the lines, and developed in warm water. This leaves the colloid in lines with spaces of bare glass twice as wide as the lines. By immersion in a solution of a green dye the lines are stained, and by the application of formalin or chrome alum the colloid is made quite insoluble and the dye fixed. The plate is coated again, exposed under the same black-lined screen, the only precaution being that the green lines already made shall be covered with the black lines of the overlying screen. After exposure and development the plate is immersed in a solution of a red dye to stain the second set of lines, and again treated with a hardening agent. The plate is coated once more, and this time exposed alone with its back to the light, so that the red and green lines already made serve to protect the coating from light action. So after development all the remaining spaces are exactly filled with colloid, and this is then dyed blue. The prepared plate is coated with a suitable photographic emulsion, and can be used in a similar way to the “autochrome” plates of Messrs. Lumière, which we have already described. The chief difference between the two apparent by mere inspection is that the colours are in lines instead of as a random grain. But the lines can be made so fine that they are invisible to a normal eye without assistance.

TWO CASES OF GUNSHOT-WOUND OF THE ABDOMEN IN WHICH THE HYDROGEN-GAS TEST WAS APPLIED.

The report of the following two cases is given to show the result of the application of the latest method of diagnosis of perforating wounds of the intestines, as devised by Dr. N. Senn, of Milwaukee. Case 1 .—P. C., male, aet. 50 years, in good general health. Was shot at 2P.M., July 4, by a man sitting about eight feet directly in front of him. The calibre of the ball could not be ascertained. A physician was summoned, who made an examination, and after introducing a probe several inches, he advised sending the patient to the Hospital. He was brought here sitting in a carriage with no dressing on the wound. Upon his entrance here, 7P.M., the abdomen was disinfected, the wound sealed, and a hypodermic injection of [unk] vij of Magendie's solution given. Examination .—Patient conscious, no marked pallor, hands cold. Pulse full and 96 a minute; temperature