Lateritic Research Articles

Taxonomical Approach on Different Soil Types of Kalyana Karnataka, India

The three types of soils namely red, lateritic and black soils from Kalyana Karnataka, India, belonged to selected soil series derived from diversified geology, topography, climate and vegetation were characterized and classified based on geomorphological, morphological, physical and chemical soil properties. Red and lateritic soils series other than Badrapur, Kodambal, Rummanagunda and Kallarahatti series were classified as Typic Haplustepts while Badrapur, Kodambal, Rummanagunda and Kallarahatti series as Lithic Haplustepts at sub group level. All the black soils series other than Margutti series were keyed out as Typic Haplusterts while Margutti series as Lithic Haplusterts at subgroup level.

Effects of EFB mulch application during extreme drought conditions (2014-2015) on FFB yield of oil palms planted on lateritic soil in Belitung Island, Indonesia

Effects of EFB mulch application during extreme drought conditions (2014-2015) on FFB yield of oil palms planted on lateritic soil in Belitung Island, Indonesia

Implementation of AI Based Model for Identification of Different Soil Types Using Tensorflow

AbstractThe agricultural industry is among the most important industry in the world and playing a critical part in human growth. Soil classification is becoming incredibly valuable, and recent study reveals that classification of images is proven as the preferred way of soil information for farmers. The testing of soil is the first step in construction planning to determine whether the plot of land is suitable for constructing any structure in order to prevent future disasters. In this work, the model has been proposed to address the visual classification of types of soil using the deep neural network (DNN) and tensor flow framework. Further, AI based sequential model has been created in python to classify the soil. This has been analyzed that with the use of proposed technique five types of soil viz. black, cinder, laterite, peat, and yellow soil has been classified while keeping the practical simplicity of the images. Far superior accuracy has been achieved using the CNN model on the above dataset. The model is useful for farmers to increase the crop production after identification of the appropriate soil type for respective crops.

A review of lateritic soils and their use as landfill liners

A review of lateritic soils and their use as landfill liners

Influence of Crop Diversification in Potato-Based Cropping Sequence on Growth, Productivity and Economics of Potato in Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal

Influence of Crop Diversification in Potato-Based Cropping Sequence on Growth, Productivity and Economics of Potato in Red and Lateritic Soil of West Bengal

Effect of Irrigation and Nutrient Management Studieson Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Aim: To study the effect of Irrigation and nutrient management studieson Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in red and laterite soil of Odisha. Study Design: Treatments included three irrigation levels (I1: 2 irrigations at 21 and 63 days after sowing, I2: 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowing and I3: 3 irrigations at 21, 42 and 63 days after sowing ) are treated in main plot and four nutrient management (N1: 100% RDF, N2: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM, N3: 100% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha and N4: 75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha) are treated in sub plot were experimented in split plot design replicate thrice. Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted during Summer at khujimahal, Chandaka, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar Odisha. Results: The results showed that highest seed yield (643.49 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1820.13 kg ha-1) and harvest index (26.04%) was obtained in I3. N4 (75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha) showed second highest seed yield (652.21 kg ha-1), haulm yield (1882.07 kg ha-1) and harvest index (25.74%) which is at per with N3. Highest water use efficiency (2.72 kg ha-1 m-1) was calculated in I2N3. Conclusion: cultivation of sesame under75% RDF + 2 t/ha FYM + Jeevamrut @250 l/ha with 2 irrigations at 21 and 42 days after sowing proved better in terms of yield, economics and water use efficiency.

Carbon dioxide sequestration in mortars with excavated soil: Engineering performances and environmental benefits

Globally, substantial volume of excavated soils is generated during construction and demolition activities, which can be utilized in the manufacturing stabilized earth-based construction materials. Furthermore, increasing amount of CO2 is being released into the environment from growing industrial operations that can sequestered in earth-based materials without compromising the engineering properties. This article attempts to explore the effect of CO2 sequestration through accelerated carbonation curing on engineering properties, micro-structure and phase composition of cement-lime stabilized soil mortars. Lateritic soil (clay content of 42 %) is used to replace 25 % and 50 % of natural sand by mass. The experimental findings demonstrate an increase in CO2 uptake by 15–23 % and 33–40 % due to addition of 25 % and 50 % soil respectively compared to control (0 % soil). Precipitation of meta-stable calcium carbonates majorly contributes to the total CO2 uptake, accounting for 62–69 % and 78–87 % of the carbonates formed in 25 % soil-mortars and 50 % soil mortars. These are substantially higher compared to 40–50 % in the case of control mixes. The mentioned finding is attributed to the formation of additional calcium-silicate-hydrate and calcium-aluminate-hydrate due to clay-lime reaction, that binds CO2 and precipitate meta-stable polymorphs of calcium carbonate. Addition of lime and carbon sequestration are found to substantially enhance 1-day strength of cement-soil and cement-lime-soil mortars by 31–36 %, although no prominent effect at 7-day and 28-day marks are observed. Furthermore, capillary water absorption at 28-day age is reduced by 18–31 % in lime-added cement-soil mortars compared to the ones without lime, that reduces moisture sensitivity of the mortars. Overall, the carbon sequestered mortars demonstrate satisfactory strength (20–37 MPa) and water absorption performance of the stabilized mortars for masonry applications, which will provide a promising means to manufacture low-carbon and more durable construction products.

Mechanical strength characterization and seismic performance of rammed earthen walls built on eco-friendly lateritic soil and sustainable stabilizing materials

Mechanical strength characterization and seismic performance of rammed earthen walls built on eco-friendly lateritic soil and sustainable stabilizing materials

Alkali-activation of agro-industrial waste for stabilization of lateritic soils

This paper focuses on enhancing the geotechnical properties of lateritic gravelly soil (LGS) through chemical stabilization using an alkali-activated binder produced with sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) and a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. For this, mechanical strength tests, specifically unconfined compressive strength (qu), and durability tests, including accumulated loss mass (ALM) and volumetric variation (ΔV), were conducted on compacted specimens of the LGS-SBA blends. These specimens were molded with varying concentrations of NaOH solution (ranging from 3 to 10 Molarity) and different SBA content (ranging from 3 to 10 %). The physical–chemical characteristics of the optimal blend were further analyzed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The results demonstrate that the stabilization of LGS with an alkali-activated binder modifies compaction properties and enhances the mechanical strength and durability of LGS. Hence, a good correlation between qu and ALM was established, enabling the formulation of practical engineering equations to predict the behavior of the blends. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the stabilized LGS exhibits promising potential as an alternative geomaterial for use in subbase/base layers for pavements exposed to harsh climatic conditions in the low-lying Amazon region.

Drained Shear Response of Cement-Stabilized Recycled Asphalt Pavement–Lateritic Soil Blends

Drained Shear Response of Cement-Stabilized Recycled Asphalt Pavement–Lateritic Soil Blends

Spatial variation of soil organic matter and metal mobility in wetland soils: Implications for biogeochemical processes in lateritic landscape

The evolution of the lateritic landscape over time changes the path of pedogenesis and soil hydrology. The occurrence of upland wetlands in the savannah flat plateau transforms well-drained lateritic soils into hydric soils enriched in organic matter. We investigated the composition of soil organic matter (SOM) produced in a wetland and their link with the mineral constituents of soil and their contribution to the mobility of Si, Fe, and Al in the soil. Six tranches were opened in a soil catena located from the plateau toward the center of the wetland, representing different hydromorphic features. Soil morphology was described, and chemical, physical and mineralogical analyses were performed to evaluate soil properties. Chemical fractionation of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) was performed and total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) were determined in the soil horizons. Metal complexing properties of DOM were determined using an excitation-emission matrix of fluorescence. The occurrence of Fe eluviation in the superficial horizons, Fe2O3 enrichment in the mottled horizons, and ferricrete formation in the center of the wetland were observed. Geochemical transfer assessment and the variation of oxides within the horizons showed that Fe2O3 and SiO2 were more mobile than Al2O3, whose variability in the gley horizon reflected the mobility of Fe2O3 and SiO2. The stability constants of Al and Cu showed an increase with the depth for WEOM and SOM. The pattern of the organic carbon fraction varied according to the level of hydromorphy and soil depth. It was also observed an increase in the C/N ratio with depth, possibly related to the reduced bioavailability of DOC due to its adsorption with soil solids.

Effects of Loading and Compaction Conditions on Permanent Strains of Unbound Lateritic Soils from Senegal and Burkina Faso

Permanent strains of granular materials result from the repetitive passage of heavy trucks on the pavement. Pavement design relies mainly on permanent strains to predict rut depths. In order to contribute to the improvement of technical documents used for the design and modelling of pavements in tropical African countries, the researchers have focused on the determination of the permanent deformation parameters of laterites (axial (εp,1) and radial (εp,3) permanent strains). The Repeated Triaxial cyclic Loading (RTL) apparatus was used according to the European standard (EN 13286-7: 2004, Multistage method). Four sites of gravelly lateritic soils chosen, two from Burkina Faso (Badnogo2 and Dédougou) and two from Senegal (Sindia and Lam-Lam) were tested in this research. They are compacted to 95% and more of the optimum with a variation in water content of ±2% of the optimum. The permanents deformations are influenced by the water content, the compaction rate and the stress level. The axial permanent deformation ε1,p (max) decreases by 83.4% when the water content decreases from 12.10% to 7.59%. Moreover with a compactness rate that varies from 95.58% to 100.06%, respectively from a water content that varies from 10.04% to 9.36%, we observe a decrease in deformation ε_(1,p) from 224.340*10-4 to 148.150*10-4 from the 50,000 cycles, which shows the effect of the compactness rate and the stress level on the lateritic gravels materials soils. however, for a good control of permanent deformations on flexible pavements using gravel materials, it is necessary to compact at water contents lower than the optimum added to average compaction rates. Keywords: permanent strains (p), lateritic soils, Repeated Triaxial cyclic Loading (RTL), Sindia, Badnogo2, Dedougou, Lam-lam.

Evaluation of Compressive and Bending Strength of a Geopolymer Based on Lateritic Clays as an Alternative Hydraulic Binder.

In Bolivia, lateritic soils are common in humid tropical regions and can be used in the construction industry as an alternative to materials that cause a negative environmental impact, such as cement. The production of Portland cement causes environmental issues like significant greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. To address this problem, geopolymers have been introduced as an alternative binder with low CO2 emissions. In this regard, geopolymers based on lateritic clays have been studied mineralogically, chemically, and on their compressive strength separately. However, there are still no studies on lateritic clays present in Bolivia and their mechanical, mineralogical, and chemical properties combined in a geopolymer. Therefore, this present research proposes the evaluation of a geopolymer made from laterite clays. Compression and flexural tests were carried out, along with mineralogical and chemical analyses on mortar and geopolymer cubes and prisms. The results indicate that the laterite clay-based geopolymer has lower compressive strength compared to Portland cement IP (cement type I with the addition of pozzolana) mortar. However, the flexural strength tests show a slight increase in the case of the geopolymer.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Lepidagathis keralensis Madhus. & N.P.Singh

Systematic documentation of local health tradition related knowledge is important for validating and preserving medicinal heritage of any place. Lepidagathis keralensis Madhus. & NP Singh. is a species belonging to Acanthaceae family It is a perennial, prostrate, woody herb tenaciously attached to hard laterite soil. It is used by traditional practitioners of North Malabar for various ailments. Safety is of primary importance as far as any drug is concerned. No scientific data is available on the safety profile of this drug. Acute Oral toxicity study is the foremost step among toxicity studies. Hence this study was taken up. Aim & objective: To assess the Acute Oral Toxicity of water extract of Lepidagathis keralensis Madhus. & NP Singh. Materials and methods: Aqueous extract of the drug was orally administered in Wistar albino rats at different dose levels and various parameters for signs and symptoms of gross behavioural and physical changes starting from 30 minutes to 48 hours at various intervals were observed. Results and observations: The drug did not produce any signs of toxicity and mortality upto the dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. Hence this drug which is extensively in use among traditional practitioners can be further studied and brought forward to main stream.

Use of a rubber wood fly ash-based geopolymer for stabilizing marginal lateritic soil as green subbase materials

Use of a rubber wood fly ash-based geopolymer for stabilizing marginal lateritic soil as green subbase materials

Assessing Suitability of Different Extractants for Estimating Plant Available Boron in Lateritic Soils (Alfisols)

ABSTRACT The depth-wise distribution of plant available boron (B) extracted by dilute HCl (HCl), tartaric acid (TA), hot calcium chloride (HCC), hot water (HW), ammonium acetate (AA), Ammonium Bicarbonate-Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid (AB-DTPA) and mannitol calcium chloride (MCC) in some acidic lateritic soils (Alfisols) of Birbhum, West Bengal, India, was examined in relation to their physicochemical properties and grain yield, concentration and removal of B by rice grain to screen out the most suitable extractant for lateritic soils. The highest overall mean B concentration of surface soils (0.325 mg kg−1) was obtained by 0.05 M HCl, whereas its lowest content was obtained by MCC (0.145 mg kg−1) and with increasing depth its content was decreased for all the extractants used. The sequence of B extraction by various extractants was as follows: HCl > TA > HCC > HW > AA > AB-DTPA > MCC. Higher extractability of HCl is due to lower pH and attendant dissolution of soil minerals. Most often, decrease in organic carbon, clay, CEC, amorphous iron and aluminum oxides or increase in manganese oxide contributed to the observed drop in B along soil depth. The B extracted by different extractants showed significant positive correlations among themselves. The HCl extracted B showed the highest correlation with grain yield, concentration, and removal of B by rice grain. The HCl extractable B enhanced adjusted R2 value in multiple regression equation, boosting the predictability of the model. Thus, in acidic lateritic soils (Alfisols), the 0.05 M HCl is the best extract for estimating plant available B.

Flexural and Shear Strength Properties of Laterite Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash, Coir Fiber, and Lime

Flexural and Shear Strength Properties of Laterite Soil Stabilized with Rice Husk Ash, Coir Fiber, and Lime

The recycling of demolition roof tile waste as a resource in the manufacturing of fired bricks: A scale-up to the industry

This study illustrates the utilization of roof tile waste as a resource in the manufacturing of fired bricks. Although commonly referred to as demolition waste, it is technically classified as construction and demolition waste (C&D). This demolition waste was used as a partial replacement of two soils (alluvial and laterite soil) at three firing temperatures that were considered economical (700, 850, and 900 °C). The waste considered was obtained from roof tiles previously fired at a low temperature below 800 °C, thus containing residual carbonates and clay minerals. The increased waste input resulted in higher firing shrinkage, bulk density, and water absorption while decreasing loss on ignition. An increase in firing temperature led to higher firing shrinkage, loss on ignition, and bulk density, but lower water absorption. The bricks met both Indian and ASTM standards for 2nd and 3rd class by adding 20–35 wt% of roof tile waste and firing at 850–900 °C in laboratory and industrial settings. The minimum acceptable quality for the produced bricks was achieved with an addition of 35 wt% waste, resulting in a water absorption of approximately 19% and a compressive strength ranging from 6 to 9 MPa. The study suggests that incorporating waste from demolished roof tiles into the production of burned bricks can be advantageous. It can partially replace the need for soils, reduce natural resource usage, lower energy consumption during production, and decrease the carbon footprint.

Effect of bentonite particle sizes on GCL hydration by lateritic soils

Numerous studies have analysed the influence of subgrade on the hydration process of GCLs and have shown that initial soil moisture content, particle sizes and soil mineralogy significantly affect the GCL hydration process. However, recent works have revealed that GCLs structure and bentonite characteristics are also a major variable in this process, affecting the water retention curve (WRC), hydration levels and long-term performance of the GCLs. This study examines the impact of bentonite particle size on the hydration process of a GCL when in contact with lateritic subgrades. The hydration process of three different GCLs was analyzed under isothermal conditions in a closed system. The results indicated an influence of bentonite particle sizes on the GCL hydration processes. GCL with granular bentonite showed difficulty in hydration from lateritic subsoils compared to GCLs with powdered bentonites.

REEs Prospects in Laterites Profiles of Ibra, Sultanate of Oman

REEs now days are acting as an alternative source of low- sustainable energy economy and got strategic significance in the development of most of the current high-end technologies in industries and Laterite deposits provide one of the major natural sources of REEs. Laterite soil or rock is a product of intensive and prolonged weathering of underlying parent rock formed in hot and wet tropical areas. It is mainly rich in iron and aluminum oxides. The development of laterite profiles in most of Oman Mountains is mainly related to the late Cretaceous (Coniacian to late Companion) tectonic evolution of the Oman Mountains which are part of the Alpine–Himalayan fold belt. Laterite and regolith formations can be found overlie the Samail ophiolite in Oman. Samail Ophiolite is a part of upper mantle & Oceanic lithosphere which over thrusted on to the continental crust. The Samail ophiolite is considered as one of the major features of the Oman Mountains. The present study focuses on the REEs prospects in the Ibra region of Sultanate of Oman and study area of Ibra region lies within the Samail Ophiolite. The fieldwork was carried out for geological evaluation at the Ibra region. Total 3 number of Laterite profiles were observed during the fieldwork. Samples were collected from the Harzburgite rock. All samples were analyzed for ICPMS analysis to know the REEs. Field observation and chemical analysis clearly indicates that the Ibra region might have good prospect for REEs exploration and mining based on their REEs content