Lateral Cyst Research Articles

Could Novel Radiographic Findings Help Identify Aseptic Tibial Loosening?

BackgroundAseptic loosening following total knee arthroplasty remains one of the leading causes of long-term failure. Radiographic identification of loose implants can be challenging with standard views. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of novel radiographic findings of anterior heterotopic bone formation and medial or lateral cyst formation in patients who have aseptic loosening to patients who have well-fixed implants. MethodsA retrospective radiographic review was performed on 48 patients’ revised secondary to aseptic tibial loosening. This cohort was compared to two additional cohorts; 48 patients returning for routine postoperative follow-up (control 1), and 48 patients revised secondary to infection or instability who had well-fixed implants (control 2). ResultsThere were 41 of 48 (85%) patients who had implant loosening and were noted to have anterior heterotopic bone formation compared to 1 of 48 (2%) patients in control 1 and 3 of 48 (6%) patients in control 2 (P ≤ .0001). There were 43 of 48 (90%) patients who had implant loosening and had medial cyst formation compared to 3 of 48 (6%) patients in control 1 and 5 of 48 (10%) in control 2 (P ≤ .0001). There were 42 of 48 (88%) patients who had implant loosening and had lateral cyst formation compared to 2 of 48 (4%) patients in control 1 and 4 of 48 (8%) in control 2 (P ≤ .0001). ConclusionIn this study, we describe novel radiographic findings of anterior heterotopic bone formation and cysts that develop in patients who have aseptic loosening following primary total knee arthroplasty. We believe that these radiographic features may lead to easier identification of aseptic loosening.

Recurrent cardiac hydatid cysts ruptured intraoperatively during anesthetic induction for open-heart surgery

Introduction: Cardiac localization of hydatid disease is rare (<3%) even in endemic countries. Affection characterized by a long functional tolerance and a large clinical and paraclinical polymorphism. Serious cardiac hydatitosis because of the risk of rupture requiring urgent surgery. The diagnosis is based on serology and echocardiography. The aim of this work is to show one of the fatal complications of this condition which arose intraoperatively during anesthetic induction. Methods: We report the observation of a 37-year-old woman operated on in 2010 for a cardiac hydatid cyst presenting a recurrence of cardiac hydatid disease with two left intraauricular cysts expressed by palpitations with dyspnea. Preoperatively: dyspnea stage II of the NYHA. Chest x-ray: CTI at 0.58. ECG: RSR. Echocardiography: Two largest left atrial cysts: 47/40 mm compress the origin of the right pulmonary vein, 2nd cyst of 36/28 mm. The existence of another small caliber lateral cyst. Positive hydatid serology. The patient developed an anaphylactic shock of unexplained cause, which required the assistive CPB facility. Intraoperative exploration: The two ruptured cysts in the left atrium with multiple left intraatrial daughter vesicles. Gesture: Removal of daughter vesicles with sterilization with hypertonic saline. Results: The postoperative consequences were favorable despite a prolonged stay in intensive care following a picture of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Intracardiac rupture is a very serious complication and can produce dramatic pictures with sudden death. It can be responsible for allergic reaction, systemic embolism, pulmonary embolism and systemic metastases. Keywords: Hydatid Cyst; Heart; Relapsing; Rupture; Surgery; Anaphylactic Shock; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Prevention

Prevalence of cystic metastases in a consecutive cohort of surgically removed branchial cleft cysts

Background Solitary cystic lesion of the neck may often be the only initial presenting symptom for branchial cleft cysts and cystic metastases. Aims/objectives To analyse the malignancy rate detected in patients undergoing surgical treatment for lateral branchial cleft cyst. Material and methods The records of all patients with surgical procedure code ENB40 (Excision of lateral branchial cleft cyst- or fistula) between 2003 and 2019 were reviewed. After excluding 150 patients, 436 patients were included for final analysis. Re-evaluation of the cytology including HPV-analysis was performed in those who had a malignant cyst. Results Cystic metastases were demonstrated histologically after surgical excision in 13 patients (3%). In patients over 18 years of age, the prevalence of cystic metastasis regardless of the primary tumour type was 3.3%. Conclusion and significance When the investigation protocol for solitary cystic lesions of the neck is followed, the negative predictive value for malignancy is 97%. All adult patients with a cytologic verified diagnosis of branchial cyst should be examined with HPV-analysis of the cystic sample before excision of the cyst. Failure of predicting a malignancy is often associated with cytology of poor cellularity which may be improved by more frequent use of ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

The use of autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix combined with meniscal repair in the treatment of parameniscal cyst: clinical results and cyst recurrence after 2-year of follow up

PurposeParameniscal cysts are associate with horizontal meniscal tears. Arthroscopic meniscal repair and the excision of the cyst by mini-open approach represent a valid treatment. However, the recurrence of cyst is still a current issue. Therefore, biological factors may be considered to promote the biological repair and avoid recurrence. The aim of the present study was to report the clinical results and the rate of recurrence of the cyst after minimum 2-year of follow up in a cohort of patients treated by meniscal repair and autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix augment.MethodsPatients with lateral parameniscal cyst undergoing arthroscopic meniscal repair and autologous platelet-rich fibrin matrix augment between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed in March 2021. Inclusion criteria were absence of prior surgery on the affected knee with minimum 2-year of follow-up. Exclusion criteria were concomitant ligament lesions, rheumatic diseases and knee osteoarthritis. After reviewing the database, each selected patient was contacted and asked to participate in the study; at the follow-up evaluation all patient signed an informed consent. Tegner-Lysholm knee score, IKDC and NRS were collected before surgery and at follow-up.ResultsThis study included 15 patients (8 male) with mean age of 32.8 years old. No recurrence of the cysts was observed. The Tegner-Lysholm knee score and IKDC subjective scores increased respectively from 41.3 ± 5.4 and 37.6 ± 5.1 at baseline to 92.3 ± 4.6 and 89.4 ± 2.6 at the final follow up. Concerning pain relief, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) displayed a significant improvement reaching at the follow up a score of 1,3 ± 1.1 in comparison to 6.8 ± 0.9 at the baseline.ConclusionSurgical management of symptomatic lateral parameniscal cyst with cyst excision, autologous PRP membrane application and meniscus repair demonstrated excellent subjective clinical outcome with any cyst reoccurrence.Level of evidenceIII, retrospective cohort study.

The Current State Of Diagnostics For Cystic Formations Of The Neck: A Literature Review

Modern literature data indicate that among the various possible cystic formations that form in the neck, the most frequently studied are median and lateral cysts. It was found that multimodal radiation diagnostics of cystic formations of the neck using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging significantly increased the efficiency of the examination, making it possible to determine the nature and extent of the process and soft tissue structures and thereby clarify the scope of the forthcoming operation. In addition, it was possible to assess the dynamics of the course of the disease at the different stages of rehabilitation. The role of MSCT (multi-slice computed tomography) in complex radiological diagnostics is not fully defined, since due to the high radiation exposure, the frequency of use of this imaging modality is limited.

Lateral Ventricle Epidermoid Cyst Presenting with Right Hemiparesis and Blindness: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Lateral Ventricle Epidermoid Cyst Presenting with Right Hemiparesis and Blindness: A Case Report and Review of Literature

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF LATERAL CYSTS AND FISTULA OF NECK IN CHILDREN

In the structure of dento-facial diseases, cysts of the maxillofacial area occupy a leading position. Lateral cysts of the neck are the most common among soft tissue cysts of the maxillofacial area and make up 25% of all soft tissue cysts of this localization; moreover, in recent years there has been a tendency to increase in their number.
 The purpose of the research is to determine the occurrence rate of fistulas and cysts on the lateral neck areas in children and to compare the results obtained with scientific findings regarding the clinical and morphological features of the cysts and fistulas as well as the principles of the treatment.
 Materials and methods. We have analyzed fundamental scientific works and publications in periodicals for this purpose. Based on the data of retrospective analysis of 67 archival case histories of inpatients of the surgical department of the Paediatric Municipal Hospital in Poltava for a 10-year period, the staff of the department of paediatric surgical dentistry established the occurrence rate of the lateral neck cysts and fistulas.
 To make diagnosis, we used general clinical examination, and special examination techniques, diagnostic puncture. In doubtful and complicated cases, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were performed; direct and lateral projections were obtained in cases of fistula.
 The microscopic structure was studied by the staff of the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a section course by using microslides made of postoperative samples by standard techniques.
 Results and discussion. Lateral neck cysts were most commonly observed in the young children, younger and older schoolchildren (66.6%); the localization of the lateral neck cysts was always unilateral, although, according to the literature, the possibility of their bilateral location made up 2%. The lateral neck cysts have a complex topographic and anatomical location: they rise on the lateral surface of the neck behind the common carotid artery, and before descending they bend the hyoid nerve, located in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Thus, the most common typical localization of cysts is the upper neck at the level of the mandible angle in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. According to our findings, the factors, which can provoke this condition, are acute catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, severe physical exertion or trauma; all patients and their parents noted a rather slow growth of the formations.
 Objective examination has always identified a painless, moving, tight, elastic round mass with clear contours and a smooth surface, no discoloration of the skin above it.
 In uncomplicated courses, ultrasound scanning detects the rounded mass with clear even contours of different sizes, hypo- or isoechogenic structure with areas of hyperechogenicity. In the cases of suppuration the structure of the cavity changes to uniformly hypoechoic. The content of the lateral neck cysts was greyish-white liquid with flakes; in cases of inflammation it was represented by purulent exudates.
 In our studies, 6 cases of congenital and acquired lateral fistulas of the neck were observed over a 10-year period, they were presented with a unilateral variant with localization mainly in the upper and middle thirds of the lateral surface of the neck. Lateral fistulas of the neck were revealed in 1 child (16.7%) immediately after birth; in 4 children (66.6%), fistulas arose after the dissection of the lateral cysts, and in a child (16.7%) this was due to after an unsuccessful surgery.
 The lateral cysts and neck fistulas in children are found in different age groups and make up 31.3% in the structure of soft tissue cysts of the maxillofacial area. Lateral fistulas of the neck, depending on the causes, differ in length, anatomic localization, their structure; therefore, this pathology usually requires the use of modern informative additional manipulations and diagnostic techniques to ensure the success of surgical procedures with the optimal variant of their planning.

DIAGNOSTIC PROBLEMS ACCOMPANYING BRANHYOGENIC CANCER – A CLINICAL CASE

Tumours and tumorous lesions of head and neck account for 10% of all oncological pathologies. Branhyogenic cancer is found in 4.5% of patients with lateral cysts in the neck. The article highlights the results of research the clinical case of branhyogenic cancer, provide its clinical and morphological analysis. The aim of our work was to study the clinical case of bronchial cancer, providing clinical and pathomorphological analysis. Examination and treatment was conducted in accordance with the clinical protocol using the diagnostic criteria necessary for management of patients diagnosed with tumours and tumorous lesions in a particular clinical case. We applied ultrasound examination of the locus, angiography of head and neck vessels with tomohexol and with 3D reconstruction, histological examination of surgical specimens (macroscopy and microscopy). On the basis of clinical investigaton, ultrasound examination, angiography clinical diagnosis was formulated - lateral cyst on the left side of the neck. A radical surgical removal of the mass was conducted. Histopathological conclusion: there is a proliferation of cystic transitional cell epithelium with the locus of invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the cystic wall that suggests malignant transformation of bronchogenic cyst. Final diagnosis: branhyogenic cancer. Thorough examination and analysis of a clinical case demonstrates that the development of branhyogenic cancer, is histo-genetically associated with lateral cysts in the neck. Complexity of diagnosing and high percentage of malignancy induces to more early discovery and removal of lateral cysts in the neck.

2019 IFFAS Award for Excellence Winner: Peri-Prosthetic Cysts and Alignment in Total Ankle Replacement: A 3-D, Weight Bearing Topographical Study

Category:Ankle, Ankle ArthritisIntroduction/Purpose:Peri-prosthetic cysts (PPC) in Total Ankle Replacement (TAR) are a common failure cause but the mechanisms of their development remains unclear. One possible explanation could be hindfoot malalignment and subsequent unequal distribution of load inside the joint. However, how residual malalignment influences the evolution of PPC remains unclear. Computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated superiority on conventional radiography in the follow up of PPC. Weight Bearing CT (WBCT), by combining 3D imaging and weight bearing measurements seems a valid tool to investigate this further. The objective for this work was to study the effects of residual hindfoot deformity on the distribution of PPC in the coronal plane. We hypothesized that cysts would be found predominantly medially in varus configuration, and laterally in valgus configuration.Methods:Retrospective comparative study, ethics committee approved. Forty-eight cases of TAR were included, with relevant demographics. Inclusion criteria were cases of primary TAR with available WBCT imaging of their ankle as part of normal follow up. Exclusion criteria were subsequent implant revision or cyst grafting. In each case, the localization and size of PPC’s were documented and their volume calculated by approximation of the closest ellipsoid. Hindfoot alignment was evaluated by the percentage Foot Ankle Offset (FAO) (foot-length normalized 3D ratio between the midline of the foot and the center of the ankle) using a WBCT dedicated semi-automatic software. The mean FAO value with 95%CI for the population was calculated. The difference in medial and lateral cyst volume defined by their position relative to the median axis in the coronal plane was compared in varus and valgus cases by a Mann-Whitney non-parametric test for unpaired samples.Results:Demographic distributions of the series were 32% female, mean age 65 (45-85) years. Mean FAO value was 0.12% (95%CI -1.09 to 1.33). Mean follow up was 43 months (6 to 239). The mean total cyst volume per case was 1190,7 mm3. In varus cases (defined by FAO<-1.09%), the volume of medial cysts was greater than laterally by a mean 197 mm3, whereas in valgus cases (defined by FAO>1.33%), the volume of lateral cysts was greater than medially by a mean 332 mm3. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). There was a weak, significant positive correlation (r=0.25, p<0,001) between FAO and total cyst volume and a moderate, significant correlation (r=0,56, p<0,001) between time to follow up and total cyst volume.Conclusion:Our hypothesis was confirmed. Periprosthetic cysts volume in this series of primary TAR was found to be relatively greater medially in postoperative varus configurations and vice-versa laterally in valgus. This confirms a possible correlation between the direction of residual hindfoot malalignment and the coronal localization of PPC in TAR, although this is certainly not the only pathophysiologic factor involved in PPC onset. Weightbearing CT may be helpful in Total Ankle Replacement follow up, in order to early detect PPC development and possibly to identify situations at risk of a more rapid evolution.

Knee osteoarthritis patients with more subchondral cysts have altered tibial subchondral bone mineral density

BackgroundSubchondral bone cysts are a widely observed, but poorly understood, feature in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Clinical quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has the potential to characterize cysts in vivo but it is unclear which specific cyst parameters (e.g., number, size) are associated with clinical signs of OA, such as disease severity or pain. The objective of this study was to use QCT-based image-processing techniques to characterize subchondral tibial cysts in patients with knee OA and to explore relationships between proximal tibial subchondral cyst parameters and subchondral bone density as well as clinical characteristics of OA (alignment, joint space narrowing (JSN), OA severity, pain) in patients with knee OA.MethodsThe preoperative knee of 42 knee arthroplasty patients was scanned using QCT. Patient characteristics were obtained, including OA severity, knee pain, JSN, and alignment. We used 3D image processing techniques to obtain cyst parameters including: cyst number, cyst number per proximal tibial volume, cyst volume per proximal tibial volume, as well as maximum and average cyst volume across the proximal tibia, as well as regional bone mineral density (BMD) excluding cysts. We used Spearman’s correlation coefficients to explore associations between patient characteristics and cyst parameters.ResultsAt both the medial and lateral compartments of the proximal tibia, greater cyst number and volume were associated with higher BMD. At the lateral region, cyst number and volume were also associated with lateral OA severity, lateral JSN, alignment and sex. Pain was not associated with any cyst parameters at any region.ConclusionCyst number and volume were associated with BMD at both the medial and lateral compartments. Lateral cyst number and volume were also associated with joint alignment, OA severity, JSN and sex. This is the first study to use clinical QCT to explore subchondral tibial cysts in patients with knee OA and provides further evidence of the relationships between subchondral cysts and clinical OA characteristics.

Atypical congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck in a one-year-old female patient

Cartilaginous rests of the neck are rarely described congenital anomaly for which there is no defi nite name in the literature, and is oftenmisdiagnosed as congenital lateral cysts and/or neck fi stulas. The authors present a case of a one-year old girl monitored from birthdue to nodular formations on the neck, in order to highlight the importance and span of diff erential diagnosis of congenital malformationsof the lateral neck region and the role of ultrasonography in diff erential diagnosis since the surgical treatment plan dependson it. Clinical examination revealed a formation of 2x1 cm, well diff erentiated from the surface, on the right side of the neck in regionII/III. On the left side in region II/III, there was a smaller formation of 2-3 mm in diameter. Sonography of the neck did not reveal anyfi stulae or cysts. On surgical excision in general anaesthesia, the cartilaginous core was found and excised without any problems.

Study on diagnosis and treatment experience of posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts in different regions

Objective To investigate the treatment results for different regions of posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst by surgery. Methods From January 2011 to September 2016, 17 patients with posterior cruciate ligament ganglion cysts of the knee were involved in this study.5 cases were located on the femoral side of the ligament (upper 1/3), 8 cases were in the middle, and 4 cases were located in the tibia side (lower 1/3), 15 cases were operated and 2 were not.A total of 13 cases in the upper 2/3 of the ligament were resected by the anterior two approaches through arthroscopy.two of which were resected by the posterior capsule.2 cases of the tibial lateral cysts were resected by posterior approach. Lysholm scoring system was used to evaluate the knee function before and after operation, and Glasgow curative effect system was used to evaluate the final follow-up results. Results A follow-up 6-24 months in an average of (12.6±3.2)months shows no sign of recurrence at the last follow-up, all patients had no complications such as infection, ligament relaxation, et al.Lysholm score was improved from 57.5±5.2 preoperatively to 92.5±3.6 postoperatively, and the statistical difference is very significant (P<0.05). And curative effect was evaluated well by Glasgow system. Conclusions Arthroscopic surgery is an effective measure in the treatment of postior cruciate ligament (PCL) ganglion cysts.The upper part of the ligament can be resolved through the anterior approach, and the lower part should be followed by the posterior approach, and if necessary, open the way to handle the external part of the joint. Key words: Knee joint/SU; Posterior cruciate ligament/SU; Cysts/SU

Lateral Periodontal Cyst: A Case Report

Introduction The lateral periodontal lateral cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst defined as a radiolucent lesion, along the lateral aspect of an erupted vital tooth in which an inflammatory etiology and a diagnosis of collateral keratocyst have been excluded based on clinical and histologica

Prevalence and distribution of odontogenic cysts in a Mexican sample. A 753 cases study

BackgroundOdontogenic cysts (OC) are the most frequent lesions of the jaws and their constant epidemiological update is necessary and indispensable. Therefore the principal objective of this report was To determine prevalence and clinical-demographical characteristics of OC in a Mexican sample.Material and Methods753 cases of OC coming from the archive of a head and neck histopathological teaching service, from January 2000 to December 2013, were included. OC cases were re-assessed according 2005 WHO classification. Chi square test was used to establish possible associations (p<0.05IC95%).ResultsFrom 753 OC, 369 were female and 384 male; 52.9% of them were in their 2nd- 4th decade of life. The most common location (41%) was the mandibular posterior area. Radicular cysts were more frequent in maxillary anterior zone of females (p 0.0002) at their fourth decade of life. Dentigerous cysts were more frequent in the mandibular posterior zone of males (p 0.0000) in their second decade of life. Six cases of periodontal lateral cyst; 4 cases of paradental cysts; 4 eruption cysts and 4 cases of adult gingival cyst, as well were identified.ConclusionsRadicular cyst and dentigerous cyst are the most prevalent odontogenic cyst in this Mexican sample. Due to their etiology, dental pulpar necrosis and impacted teeth, radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst could be prevenible. Therefore, it is necessary to establish preventive strategies to diminish dental decay and programs of prophylactic extractions of impacted teeth, to in consequence decrease the prevalence of odontogenic cysts. Key words:Cyst, dentigerous cyst, mexican, odontogenic cyst, radicular cyst.

Treatment of Different Types of Bone Defects with Concentrated Growth Factor: Four Case Reports

Various techniques have been attempted in the past to truly regenerate the lost bone structures. Owing to its stimulatory effect on angiogenesis and epithelialization, concentrated growth factor (CGF) is an excellent material for enhancing bone healing. The purpose of these case series is to document the beneficial role of CGF in the healing of different bone defect areas. This report describes four female patients presented with (lateral cyst on tooth 22; periimplantitis on mandibular left first premolar area; furcation lesion on tooth 36, periapical abcess on teeth 11-21). Mucoperiosteal full-thickness flaps were elevated to perform the surgical debridement of lesion areas in all patients. Then, minced CGF mixed with bone graft was applied to fill the defects. Recall radiographs of cases showed satisfactory healing of the bony defects. According to the results obtained in these case reports, the positive clinical impact of additional application of CGF with bone graft materials in treatment of bone defects is based on significant radiographic defect bone fill.

Atypical Presentation of Lateral Periodontal Cyst in an Elderly Female Patient - A Rare Case Report

The lateral periodontal lateral cyst (LPC) is a uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst defined as a radiolucent lesion which develops along the lateral aspect of an erupted vital tooth. LPC represents approximately 0.8% to 2% of all odontogenic cysts .The most frequently reported location of a lateral periodontal cyst is the mandibular canine premolar area, followed by the anterior region of the maxilla. Lateral periodontal cyst is usually asymptomatic and presents as a round, oval or teardrop-like well-circumscribed interradicular radiolucent area, usually with a sclerotic margin lying between the apex and cervical margin of the teeth . The lateral periodontal cyst usually is seen in the fifth to sixth decade of life with a male preponderance. This paper reports an unusual and an atypical case of an inter radicular radiolucent cystic lesion in located between the mandibular central incisor and canine area in an 87 year old female patient mimicking clinically and radiographically as an residual cyst but histopathologically confirmed as an lateral periodontal cyst. DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v23i1.967

Epidemiology of Thyroglossal Duct Cysts in an Eastern Caribbean Nation

Aim: The thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital cystic lesion in the neck. Seven percent of the population has persistence of this duct. It usually occurs in midline and is asymptomatic. The aim of this study is to see the epidemiology of this disease in an eastern Caribbean nation. Design and methods: An 11 year’s retrospective study was performed at the San Fernando General Hospital from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2014. All of patients who had a thyroglossal duct cyst excision from the surgical departments were reviewed. 17 patients were identified. Data on gender, ethnicity, age, reason for seeking medical attention and location of the cyst were extracted. Results: M:F was 7:10, Ethnic distribution: East Indians 65% and Africans 35%, age range birth 51 years, symptomatic patients 65% (unique description of an infected right lateral thyroglossal duct cyst with suprahyoid, anterior hyoid and infrahyoid components), location: midline 71% and right lateral 29% with no left lateral cases. Conclusions: Thyroglossal duct cysts at the San Fernando General Hospital have a mild female preponderance, range from birth to 51 years, is clinically evident soon after head and neck infection and have a higher occurrence of right lateral cysts at the suprahyoid level. An increased number of symptomatic and right lateral thyroglossal cysts were also noted in our population.

Congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck

This paper presents the currently available data on congenital lateral cysts and fistulas of the neck based on the authors' original experience and the review of the relevant literature. The modern methods for diagnostics and the surgical treatment of these conditions are described and the causes underling the development of their relapses are analyzed. Recommendations for the prevention of congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck are proposed.

The clinical characteristics of congenital laryngeal saccular cysts

Conclusion: The first step when treating newborns and infants with hoarseness and dyspnea is to consider the possibility of CLSCs. The appropriate operation can then be chosen based on the cyst sub-type. Complete resection of the cyst wall is the key to preventing recurrence. Background: A laryngeal saccular cyst is an unusual congenital lesion that appears clinically during the neonatal period or early infancy. Because few reports on congenital laryngeal saccular cysts (CLSCs) exist, this study investigated the clinical features of patients with a history of CLSCs to determine the clinical characteristics of this disease. Methods: The data from 28 CLSC patients admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital from July 2004 to September 2014 were reviewed. Gender, age at onset of symptoms, number of surgical procedures performed, effect of the operation, and CLSC classification were analyzed. Results: CLSCs accounted for 0.79% of laryngeal operations during the study period. Of the cases examined, 35.7% (10/28) had first been treated as laryngomalacia. With respect to cyst type, 17.9% (5/28) were anterior laryngeal saccular cysts, and 82.1% (23/28) were lateral saccular cysts. The patients underwent a total of 53 surgeries, including 21 procedures performed at other hospitals. The time to recurrence of the cysts following needle aspiration ranged from 5–10 days. The time to recurrence after the roof of the cyst was excised ranged from 1–10 months. There were no recurrences after the complete resection of the cyst wall using a CO2 laser and microsuturing of the wound surfaces via an endoscopic procedure, which is much better than the 41% of endoscopic de-roofing cases which recurred reported by Mitchell et al.

Maxillary sinus augmentation and implant placement following removal of a maxillary antral cyst: a preliminary clinical study

To evaluate the clinical outcome of maxillary sinus augmentation and implant placement following removal of a maxillary antral cyst. In this study 32 patients with 33 maxillary antral cysts were enrolled. The partial wall of cyst was removed through a small lateral sinus approach and cyst spontaneous shrink was expected when wall of cyst was destroyed for open drainage. Three to six months later the secondary sinus approach 1.5 mm circling the first approach for augmentation was undertaken. Dental implants were placed simultaneously or later. All patients finished prosthetic rehabilitation in the study and were followed up for (30.9 ± 11.5) months. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded. The survival rate of the implants was calculated. In this study, 33 maxillary antral cysts of 32 patients were removed. Maxillary sinus augmentation was performed after a mean of (4.5 ± 1.5) months (range, 2-8 months). Sixty-two implants were inserted and all patients finished prosthetic rehabilitation after a mean of (10.8 ± 2.7) months (range, 5-17 months). The survival rate of implants was 95% (59/62). Three implants failed before their prosthesis delivered due to failure of osseointegration and were reinserted later. No recurrence of cyst was observed until the last recall. In this study, 24 specimens were mucosal cysts. Five specimens were mucoceles and 4 specimens were not certain in pathology. Maxillary sinus cysts have a negative effect on maxillary sinus augumentation if not removed. The present preliminary data of the study suggests that the clinical result of maxillary sinus augmentation and implant placement following removal of a maxillary antral cyst is predictable.