Late Pleistocene Terrace Research Articles

パプアニューギニア北東部のサンゴ礁段丘の総合研究 パプアニューギニア，ヒュンオン半島のサンゴ礁段丘に記録された第四紀後期（５２ｋａ以降）の地震隆起

A flight of coral terraces, up to ca. 1, 000 m above sea level, is well preserved on the northern coast of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, and records the sea level and tectonic history since ca. 300 ka. The region is located near the boundary between the Western Pacific and Australian plates. The uplift rate since the last interglacial maximum (oxygen isotope stage 5e) ranges from 0.7 m/ka at the northwest end of the coast, and up to 3.5 m/ka towards the southeast end. Late Quaternary paleoseismicity is estimated from subdivided Holocene and late Pleistocene terraces, each of which records meter-scale coseismic uplift events.The study area covers about 40 km of coast. Holocene coral terraces, up to 25 m above sea level, are divided into seven levels at maximum, four to five at most sites. The highest Holocene terrace is a reef crest representing former sea level of the culmination of the sea level rise at ca. 6-6.6 ka BP. The lower terraces are regressive terraces, which record successive intermittent uplift events, probably caused by great earthquakes. Timing of the Holocene uplift events is ca. 2.5, 3.8, 4.4-5.1, and 5.4 ka BP at Kwambu-Kilasairo area on the northwestern coast, and at ca. 0.8, 1.4, 1.8, 2.5, 3.9 and 5.4 ka BP at Kanomi-Nanda area to Hubegong on the central and southern coast. Difference in the timing of the uplift events implies that there are at least two tectonic suregions on this coast.Similar small regressive terraces are also recognized from the detailed profiles of late Pleistocene terraces. For example, in the central and southern part of the study area, 15-7 extra steps occur between transgressive terrace IIIa (ca. 52 ka) and terrace II (ca. 38 ka). Thus, we infer that repeated meter-scale uplift events have occurred at least since ca. 52 ka. The apparent interval of uplift events, about 1-1.5 ka, resembles to that for Holocene.Such a meter-scale uplift with ka-scale recurrence intervals records a different earthquake deformation cycle from the centimeter-scale uplift associated with the 1992 May earthquake (M= 7.2 : Pandolfi et al., 1994). Such a small event with shorter recurrence interval is apparently not expressed geomorphologically as in the form of regressive terrace.

パプアニューギニア北東部のサンゴ礁段丘の総合研究 パプアニューギニア，ヒュンオン半島のテクトニックセッティング，地震活動および変動地形 サンゴ礁段丘研究の背景として

This paper summarises the tectonic setting and seismicity of the Huon Peninsula, based on recently published papers. Some characteristic aspects of tectonic geomorphology are also briefly reviewed.The Huon Peninsula on the northeastern Papua New Guinea, located on ca. 6° S, is a suitable place for Quaternary sea level study, because coral reef terraces as an indicator of former sea level position are well preserved as separate terraces on land, due to strong uplift on the collision zone between the Australian and Pacific plate. The plate boundary is traced on land as Ramu-Malkahm Fault Zone. The formation of the Huon-Finisterre Range is a result of the collision of these two plates during the Quaternary. Fault plane solution for the major shallow earthquakes indicates that many of them are by reverse faults, strike of which is perpendicular to the fault zone. Thus, it can be said that the north-south oriented compression has been dominated at this fault zone.A flight of coral terraces, up to ca. 1, 000 m in altitude, fringes the northeastern coast of this tectonically active Huon Peninsula. U-series dates have been obtained from the terraces younger than Terrace VII, correlated with isotope stage 5e of the last interglacial maximum. Terrace height shows the northwestward downtilting, with some irregularity, from the maximum uplift rate of 3.5 m/ka. The uplift rate since the isotope stage 5e agrees with that for the Holocene, implying that the same pattern of tectonic uplift with the uniform rate has continued during the late Quaternary.Rapid uplift of this area is a result of repeated coseismic uplift which has an meter-scale uplift and ka-scale interval. Evidence of the coseismic uplift is obtained from both Holocene terraces and late Pleistocene terraces. Some of large landslides disrupting coral terraces are also originated coseismically. Coseismic process is an important tectonic factor for the formation and emergence and also for the destruction of coral terraces. These topics, related to paleoseismicity, are discussed in detail elsewhere in another papers in this special issue.Some landforms, related to active tectonics, such as active faults, uplifted alluvial deltas, and stream system, are also briefly discussed in the paper.

Last Interglacial Shorelines in the Western Pacific Rim

This paper aims to review the data of marine and coral terraces of the last interglacial maximum (isotope stage 5e) and Holocene ones on the western Pacific rim, especially from New Zealand and Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Informations on Taiwan, two islands of New Hebrides and Australia are also briefly mentioned based on published data. Main subjects discussed in this paper are : 1) methods of terrace identification as isotope stage 5e, 2) uplift rate and pattern since stage 5e and its significance, 3) the formation of terraces younger than stage 5e as a function of uplift rate, 4) the formation and subdivision of Holocene terraces with special reference to coseismic uplift, 5) relationship of uplift pattern and rate between the last interglacial terrace and Holocene one, 6) accumulated nature of deformation pattern through time.In New Zealand, stage 5e terrace is identified at many sites from tephrocronological method and fission track age of major tephras, racemization ratio, and U-series age, TL dates of loess, in addition to morpho-stratigraphic observation of terraces and terrace deposits, such as terrace continuity, presence of thick transgressive deposits burying preexisted valley, and relationship between marine terraces and glacial deposits. However, radiometric age data are still rather limited and age of some important key tephras is still problematical to establish the detailed terrace chronology with accuracy of 1 ×105 year time scale. Detailed deformation patterns have been established at several areas. Uplift rate is usually high at the area, close to subduction zones ; for example, 2.5 m/ka at northeastern coast of North Island. Accelarated uplift toward present is established at several areas, especially at Mahia Peninsula. Holocene terraces are well studied in the east and south coast of North Island and coseismic origin for several regressive terraces are now confirmed. Fifteen subregions are identified on the basis of number of Holocene terraces and radiocarbon dates of regressive coseismic terraces.Coral terraces of Huon Peninsula provide the key information for Quaternary sea level changes. However, age data for stage 5e is not fully sufficient and two peaks within stage 5e is indicated. The high uplift rate reaching 3.5 m/ka make possible to form many terraces, corresponding to each relative high sea level position with nearly 1 × 104 years interval. Repeated coseismic uplift during the last 50 ka is identified from profiles of late Pleistocene and Holocene terraces. Large eartrhquakes associated with meter-scale uplifts have been repeated at Huon Peninsula during the late Quaternary with recurrence interval of 1, 000-1, 300 years. Coseismic uplift is certainly important tectonic process in this tectonically active coast, although the location of seismogenetic faults responsible for coseismic uplift is not able to establish at this stage. In contrast to New Zealand coast, uplift has proceeded at the same rate since stage 5e.Very high Holocene uplift rate in eastern Taiwan, up to 10 m/ka indicates the rapid uplift on the collision zone. No comparable data are available from late Pleistocene terraces, however. Coral terraces at Santo and Malekula Islands, close to New Hebrides Trench, show the high uplift rate, which has been accelarated between ca. 40 ka and Holocene. However, U-series ages were not obtained from high terrace which is assumed to be stage 5e. On the north Malekula, terrace uplift pattern is concordant with the 1965 coseismic uplift pattern. Average recurrence interval of large earthquakes is estimated to be 340 years. This interval is discordant with four or five steps within the Holocene coral terrace, and requires further interpretation. Australian coast provides data from stable continent. Uplift rate is usually small, with the highest rate of 0.2 m/ka at Tasmania.

Quaternary stratigraphy and geoarchaeology of the colorado and concho rivers, west texas

AbstractGeoarchaeological investigations in an area surrounding the confluence of the upper Colorado and Concho Rivers, Edwards Plateau of West Texas, have produced a detailed landscape evolution model which provides a framework for discussion of the influences of geomorphic processes on the development, preservation, and visibility of the archaeological record. Field mapping within the study area has differentiated six allostrati‐graphic units of fluvial origin in both valleys, as well as extensive eolian sand sheets along the Colorado River. Early to middle Pleistocene terrace remnants cap many upland areas, whereas two distinct late Pleistocene terrace surfaces are widespread within the study area at somewhat lower elevations. Fluvial activity during the time period of human occupation is represented by an extensive Holocene terrace and underlying valley fill, which is up to 11 m in thickness. Valley fill sediments can be subdivided into allostratigraphic units of early to middle Holocene (ca. 10,000–5000 yr B.P.) and late Holocene age (ca. 4600–1000 yr B.P.), which are separated by a buried soil profile. The modern incised channels and very narrow floodplains represent the last millennium. Eolian sand sheets of early to middle Holocene age overlie limestone‐ and shale‐dominated uplands, Pleistocene terraces, and in some cases the Holocene valley fill along the Colorado River.Pleistocene terraces have been stable features in the landscape and available for settlement through the time period of human occupation. Archaeological materials of all ages occur at the surface, and the record preserved in individual sites range from that associated with discrete periods of activity to longer‐term palimpsests that represent repeated use over millennia. Sites within early to middle Holocene and late Holocene fills represent short‐term utilization of constructional floodplains during the Paleoindian through early Archaic and middle to late Archaic time periods respectively. By contrast, those that occur along the buried soil profile developed in the early to middle Holocene fill record middle to late Archaic cultural activity on stable terrace surfaces, and represent relatively discrete periods of activity to longer‐term palimpsests that represent repeated use over the 3000–4000 years of subaerial exposure. Late Prehistoric sites occur as palimpsests on soils developed in late Holocene alluvium or stratified within modern floodplain facies. Paleoindian through Late Prehistoric sites occur stratified within eolian sand sheets or along the unconformity with subjacent fluvial deposits.The landscape evolution model from the upper Colorado and Concho Rivers is similar to that developed for other major valley axes of the Edwards Plateau. This model may be regionally applicable, and can be used to interpret the geomorphic setting and natural formation processes for already known sites, as well as provide an organizational framework for systematic surface and subsurface survey for new archaeological records. 0 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Soil formation in a Quaternary terrace sequence of the Allier, Limagne, France. Macro- and micromorphology, particle size distribution, chemistry

Soil formation in a terrace chronosequence of nine gravelly Quaternary terraces was studied, based on macro- and micromorphological, mineralogical, chemical, and physical characteristics. Based on textural characteristics, the C horizon of the youngest soil appears to be representative for the parent material of lower B and C horizons in the youngest soils, and of all horizons in older soils. The parent materials contain a volcanic and a granitic component. With increasing age of soils, the following stages of soil formation were observed: Holocene soils on lowest terraces show evidence for mixing of sedimentary layers by biological activity, resulting in texturally homogeneous A and B horizons. In the absence of periglacial processes, soil formation in Holocene and in Late Pleistocene terraces took place under continuously well-drained conditions. Late Pleistocene soils on higher terraces show effects of clay illuviation, with prominent weathering features in A horizons. Middle and Early Pleistocene soils on the highest terraces were influenced by periglacial conditions and display effects of various cycles of soil forming processes alternated with periglacial processes, increasing in complexity with age. Weathering of all minerals except quartz, neoformation of clay, and clay illuviation has resulted in distinct differentiation between sandy A and E horizons and a clayey B horizon. Periglacial processes during the Quaternary, weathering, clay formation and clay illuviation have caused a considerable compaction and decreased water permeability. This has resulted in imperfect drainage, now reflected by abundant, locally cemented, iron and manganese oxide segregations in the surface horizon, typical for surface water gley with evidence of ferrolysis. Ferrolysis, the increased weathering of clay under influence of alternating oxidation-reduction in the seasonally waterlogged surface soil, may have further contributed to the marked textural change between A and E versus B horizons. Easily weatherable minerals, observed in strongly leached surface layers of older end-members of the terrace sequence might be attributed to aeolian volcanic inputs. The Holocene and Late Pleistocene soils are intensively used as arable land, as a result of the continuously well-drained conditions. On account of the poor drainage, the Middle and Early Pleistocene soils are used mainly for grassland and forest.

Origin of late Pleistocene submerged marine terraces on the outer continental shelf, Northern Israel

A series of elongated hills on the outer continental shelf off northern Israel, between 100 and 120 m, rise several meters above their surroundings. They have steep escarpments seaward and gradual slopes landward. The escarpments are commonly covered by colonies of sponges. The biogenic cover is normally 1.0–1.5 m thick. The gentle slopes commonly consist of soft, unconsolidated sediment, although some bedrock outcrops occur. Stratification patterns along these outcrops suggest calcareous eolianite (“kurkar”). Coquina was encountered in several sites at the base of the biogenic cover, built of fragments of shells not observed at the present depth. The eolianite, coquina, and steep escarpments suggest a late Pleistocene nearshore terrace.

Differentiation of late Pleistocene terrace outwash deposits using geomorphic criteria: Tekapo valley, South Island, New Zealand

Abstract This paper reassesses the geological interpretation of outwash deposits of different ages based on new data on terrace elevation and gradient, loess thickness, preserved paleochannel networks, and specific gravity of clasts of outwash deposits in the Tekapo valley, South Island. The results have shown no significant difference in these measures between the Wolds and Pattersons Terrace deposit, suggesting that they both represent the oldest, highest, steepest, most weathered, and most modified formation in the Tekapo valley. Significant differences have emerged between the Wolds/ Pattersons Terrace Formation and the lower Balmoral Formation, which exhibits a thinner loess cover, higher specific gravity values, and a distinctive dendritic drainage network. The Balmoral Formation is significantly differentiated from the Mt John Formation, which has little loess cover and is traversed by complex braided paleochannel networks. The measures adopted do not discriminate between the Mt John and Tekapo For...

常磐海岸南部における更新世後期の段丘と埋没谷の形成

本研究では,常磐海岸南部に分布する6枚のテフラを他地域のテフラと対比し,この成果に基づき,同地域の段丘とその下に埋没している谷の発達史を海面変化との関係から考察した.水戸市東方で海成層 (見和層上部層)に覆われる河成礫層 (見和層中部層)は,その発達規模と見和層上部層に介在するテフラ (KIP-7)からみて最終間氷期最盛期 (約12-13万年前)に先立つ安定した低海面期に形成されたと判断される同層の基底地形の形成以降最終間氷期最盛期にかけて海面は少なくとも70m以上の上昇をみた.久慈川以南に発達する那珂台地面,東茨城台地面は,テフラ (KIP-7と K-Tz)との層位関係からみて最終間氷期最盛期から約8万年前にかけて形成された一続きの海成面であるが,一部に河成の部分もみられる.これに対し久慈川以北では,それぞれ最終問氷期最盛期と約8万年前に2つの海成面が形成された.久慈川を境に海成面の発達が異なるのは,両地域での海底地形の相違を反映して波傘作用が異なるため・海食崖の発達に差異が生じたためとみられる.

Effect of height and orientation (microclimate) on geomorphic degradation rates and processes, late-glacial terrace scarps in central Idaho

Terrace scarps can serve as a nearly ideal natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of slopes. This paper examines the effects of scarp size (height) and orientation (microclimate) by keeping constant variables such as age, lithology, and regional climate. If a scarp degrades as a closed system, and downslope movement is directly proportional to surface gradient , the evolution of the scarp is modeled by the diffusion equation. For a group of scarps of same age and known starting angle, the diffusion-equation model predicts the relation between maximum scarp angle (𝛉) and scarp height ( h ). Late Pleistocene terrace scarps now as steep as 33.25°, as well as measured angles of repose for sand and gravel, require a starting angle as steep as 33.5°. For latest Pleistocene Idaho and Utah scarps, as h increases, 𝛉 is gentler (more degraded) than modeled by the diffusion equation with a constant rate coefficient. The degradation-rate coefficient ( c ) increases tenfold with scarp height; it should not change with scarp height if downslope movement is solely determined by surface gradient (to the first power). Soil wash appears to be responsible for this departure from the diffusion-equation model, for transport rate by soil wash is a function of scarp size (height). South-facing scarps are less vegetated and more degraded than north-facing scarps. For scarps 2 m high, the degradation rate ( c *) on S-facing scarps is 2 times that on N-facing scarps; for 10-m scarps, it is 5 times. The observed dependence of the rate coefficient c * on scarp height can be removed by normalizing c * to values for west-facing scarps of the same height. The residual c * values calculated by this method correlate well with differences in incident solar radiation resulting from the different scarp orientations and maximum gradients. This correlation demonstrates the importance of orientation on slope processes and their rates through the differences in freeze-thaw cycles, soil moisture, and vegetative cover. Scarp morphology may be used to estimate age, if one accounts for the effects of climate and for scarp height, orientation, and lithology. For example, using the dated Bonneville shoreline scarps for calibration and comparing only scarps of equal height, we estimate the Drum Mountains fault scarps to be 9,000 yr old. This age is about twice that produced by previous diffusion-equation calculations that have not accounted for the height as we have here, but it is the same as independent geologic estimates of their age.

Rate estimates for lateral bedrock erosion based on radiocarbon ages, Duck River, Tennessee

Rates of bedrock erosion in ingrown meandering rivers can be inferred from the location of buried relict flood-plain and river-bank surfaces, associated paleosols, and radiocarbon dates. Two independent methods are used to evaluate the long-term rates of limestone bedrock erosion by the Duck River. Radiocarbon dates on samples retrieved from buried Holocene flood-plain and bank surfaces indicate lateral migration of the river bank at average rates of 0.6-1.9 m/100 yr. Such rates agree with lateral bedrock cliff erosion rates of 0.5-1.4 m/100 yr, as determined from a comparison of late Pleistocene and modern bedrock cliff and terrace scarp positions. These results show that lateral bedrock erosion by this river could have occurred coevally with flood-plain and terrace formation and that the resulting evolution of valley meander bends carved into bedrock is similar in many respects to that of channel meanders cut into alluvium. 11 references, 5 figures.

Chronology and rates of faulting of Ventura River terraces, California

New evidence concerning the chronology of four late Pleistocene terraces of the Ventura River near Oak View, California, that are vertically offset and tilted by reverse and reverse flexural-slip faults provides a means of estimating rates of fault movement and downcutting by the Ventura River. Radiocarbon ages of charcoal contained within terrace deposits date two of the terraces. Correlation of soils that have developed on terrace deposits and extrapolation of the rate of vertical displacement of the Arroyo Parida-Santa Ana fault (not a flexural-slip fault) date the others. Resulting age estimates for the four main late Pleistocene terraces are Qt5b = 30,000 Qt6a = 38,000, Qt6b = 54,000, and Qt6c = 92,000 yr B.P. Vertical-slip rates on flexural-slip faults range from <0.3 to 1.1 mm/yr and apparently are related to the rate, form, and mechanics of folding of the north limb of the Ayers Creek–Canada Larga syncline. Average rates of downcutting of the Ventura River for several intervals during the late Pleistocene, estimated from the chronology and relative elevation of river terraces north of the Arroyo Panda–Santa Ana fault upstream from the zone of faulting, vary from ∼0.5 to 1.3 mm/yr. The range in rates probably reflects variations in local uplift as well as adjustments to changing eustatic sea level, climatic conditions, and/or regional deformation of the western Transverse Ranges. The average rate of downcutting of the Ventura River north of the zone of flexural-slip faulting is ∼0.8 mm/yr, compared with 1.2 to 2.2 mm/yr in the deformation zone immediately to the south. This apparently indicates that during tectonic deformation there is an approximate balance between the rate of uplift due to faulting and folding and the rate of downcutting by the fluvial system.

Terrace Stratigraphy in the Tunica Hills of Louisiana

AbstractThe age and number of important fossil-producing late Pleistocene terraces in the Tunica Hills have recently become quite controversial. One hypothesis holds that only a single loess-mantled Farmdalian terrace flanks the streams in this area. The other maintains that there are two terraces. The youngest is considered essentially Holocene in age while the older is Sangamon in age. Radiometric and stratigraphic evidence collected for this study indicates that there are two terraces. The youngest is late Woodfordian to Holocene in age while the other is Farmdalian.

Sedimentology of Terrace Deposits at Bend Area of Wabash River: ABSTRACT

Late Pleistocene terrace deposits lining the valley walls of the Wabash River record the change in fluvial regime imposed on the river by the advance and disintegration of the Trafalgar (East White Sublobe) ice sheet. In the lower part of the terraces, sediments accumulated in a shallow braided stream environment where fluctuating flow was controlled by storms and by diurnal and seasonal melt cycles. The sediments consists of: (1) horizontally bedded cobble gravels deposited as longitudinal bars and channel lags; (2) planar cross-bedded pebble gravels that accumulated as transverse bars and lateral accretionary wedges on bar margins; (3) trough cross-bedded pebbly sands deposited in channels during low flow stages; and (4) thin ripple-bedded sands and silts, and laminated muds deposited by spillover into abandoned channels and irregularities on bar surfaces. Short-term flow variations are recorded by thin alternating bar and channel sediments, which were deposited during waning flow, when channels were cut and filled on surfaces of bars formed during flood stage. Longer term variations are recorded by thicker sequences consisting of thin bar and channel deposits formed during high but fluctuating flow, alternating with thick channel deposits that accumulated during prolonged periods of low flow. These braided stream sediments were deposited during ice advance and intitial stages of ice disintegration. The other type of deposit occurs in the upper part of the terrances and consists of large-scale trough cross-bedded cobble gravels. These sediments accumulated after the drainage network from the disintegrating ice field was fully developed and uniform rapid flow was established. End_of_Article - Last_Page 927------------

Recent formations and their basal topography in and around Tokyo Bay, central Japan

This paper summarizes the subsurface geology of the recent (both Holocene and latest Pleistocene formations and the buried topography beneath them in and around Tokyo Bay, the type area of the late Quaternary in Japan. Buried abrasion platforms in the buried topography are classified into upper (ca. 0 to −10 m high) and lower (ca. −20 to −40 m) platforms; upper and lower buried river terraces are also distinguished, and are correlated to the subaerial late Pleistocene terraces of Tc 1 and Tc 2, respectively. A buried valley system is elucidated, of which the trunk valley floor reaches −70 m in Tokyo and emerges into a flat surface at the shelf edge in the entrance to Tokyo Bay. Approximate dates for these geomorphic surfaces are given. The height of sea level contemporaneous with the buried valley floor (ca. 20,000–15,000 yr BP) is estimated at about −135 m. The recent formations are divided into two members, upper and lower, by a middle sand bed, in addition to the lowest buried valley floor gravel. The lower member, which is composed of brackish to marine deposits of complicated lithofacies, was accumulated in narrow drowned valleys during the early stage of the Yurakucho (Flandrian) transgression. The middle sand bed is the foreset bed of deltas, which was formed during a slight regression between ca. 11,000 and 10,000 yr BP. The upper member, which consists mainly of widespread homogeneous marine clay and deltaic sand, was accumulated in a wide bay and its embayments during the late stage of the Yurakucho transgression and the following stage of a relatively stable sea level.

Late Pleistocene terrace deposits at Beckford, Worcestershire, England

AbstractThe Pleistocene deposits in the area of the village of Beckford, in the Carrant Valley, Worcestershire are described. A radio‐carbon date of 27,650±250 years B.P. has been obtained from plant material in the terrace deposits in the valley. Detailed studies have been made of the terrace sediments and of the remains of Mollusca and Coleoptera in fossiliferous layers. Frost structures are described and their stratigraphy considered. The nature of the local environment and regional climate in the final stages of the Upton Warren Interstadial period is reconstructed in detail. The terrace appears to have aggraded in a periglacial environment, dominated initially by solifluction processes. Extensive solifluction may have led to local diversions of drainage. In time, the climate deteriorated, becoming cooler and somewhat less continental with the onset of the main Devensian glaciation. This latter stage was characterised by extensive ice‐wedge growth, aeolian activity and, subsequently, by river incision.

A faulted and tilted late pleistocene terrace near Blackball

Abstract A tilted outwash surface near the Moonlight gold sluicing claim, 1½ miles north-east of Blackball township (Fig. 7), is crossed by three prominent fault traces. The purpose of this note is to record the nature of this tilting and of the associated faults.

Palynological Study of the late Pleistocene Terrace Deposits of Hokuriku Region, Central Japan, with Reference to the Climatic Condition during Shimosueyoshi age(Riss Wurm Interglacial ?) in Japan : The Palynological Studies of Cenozoic Strata in Hokuriku Region, Central Japan. Part III(&lt;SYMPOSIUM&gt;QUATERNARY OF JAPAN)

Palynological Study of the late Pleistocene Terrace Deposits of Hokuriku Region, Central Japan, with Reference to the Climatic Condition during Shimosueyoshi age(Riss Wurm Interglacial ?) in Japan : The Palynological Studies of Cenozoic Strata in Hokuriku Region, Central Japan. Part III(&lt;SYMPOSIUM&gt;QUATERNARY OF JAPAN)

Second Find of Thomomys talpoides from Late Pleistocene in Kansas

The University of Michigan palaeontological field party, led by Dr. Claude W. Hibbard, collected on August 27,1953, in Clark County, Kansas, the anterior part of a skull containing the incisors, the left P3-M2, and the right P3-M1 (No. 31378 U.M.M.P.) of Thomomys talpoides (Richardson). This specimen was taken approximately 15 feet below the surface from a late Pleistocene terrace along the east side of Kiger Creek, on the south side of U.S. 160, in the NE corner of NW ¼sec. 10, T. 33 S., R. 24 W. The deposits are considered by Hibbard to be late Wisconsin in age. The terrace consisted of stream-deposited sand and sandy silts. In association with this specimen were found two left maxillaries of Citellus richardsonii (Sabine), one possessing the P3-M2, and the other the P2-Ml (No. 32461 U.M.M.P.). Also found in association with these specimens …

L'age des alluvions de la ville de Saint-Dizier (Haute-Marne)

Abstract The fresh-water molluscan fauna recently discovered in a lens of clayey material intercalated in terrace gravels of the Saint-Dizier area, Marne region, France, proves that the terrace is not equivalent to the 12-15 meter late Pleistocene (Mousterian) terrace of other areas, but is considerably younger.